biosights
biosights is a series of life science videos highlighting original scientific research published in The Journal of Cell Biology. The shows feature original video data and interviews with the scientists who performed the work.
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biosights: June 4, 2018
06/04/2018
biosights: June 4, 2018
Lymphatic exosomes help dendritic cells find their way Under inflammatory conditions, antigen-presenting dendritic cells are attracted to lymphatic vessels by chemokines secreted from the basolateral surface of lymphatic endothelial cells. reveal that lymphatic endothelial cells also release exosomal vesicles that, by inducing the formation of cellular protrusions, improve the ability of dendritic cells to detect guidance cues and navigate their way through complex tissue environments. This biosights episode presents the paper by Brown et al. from the June 4th, 2018, issue of the Journal of Cell Biology and includes an interview with one of the paper's senior authors, Dontscho Kerjaschki (Medical University of Vienna). Produced by Caitlin Sedwick and Ben Short. See the associated paper in JCB for details on the funding provided to support this original research. Subscribe to biosights via or View The Rockefeller University Press
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biosights: May 7, 2018
05/07/2018
biosights: May 7, 2018
BBSome trains provide receptors a passage out of cilia Many G protein–coupled receptors accumulate in the membrane of primary cilia and then exit this sensory organelle when their signaling pathway is activated. reveal that the BBSome complex facilitates the signal-dependent exit of GPCRs by moving them across a diffusion barrier located at the ciliary transition zone, although the receptors must then cross a second, periciliary diffusion barrier to completely exit the cilium. This biosights episode presents the paper by Ye et al. from the May 7th, 2018, issue of the Journal of Cell Biology and includes an interview with the paper's senior author, Maxence Nachury (University of California, San Francisco). Produced by Caitlin Sedwick and Ben Short. See the associated paper in JCB for details on the funding provided to support this original research. Subscribe to biosights via or View The Rockefeller University Press
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biosights: April 2, 2018
04/02/2018
biosights: April 2, 2018
Dia1-dependent adhesions help epithelia branch out The actin cytoskeleton and its regulators play key roles in the maturation and stabilization of focal adhesions but how adhesion maturation affects tissue morphogenesis is largely unknown. reveal that the actin-nucleating formin protein Dia1 promotes branching morphogenesis by stabilizing adhesions that are required for epithelial tissues to initiate invasion. This biosights episode presents the paper by Fessenden et al. from the April 2nd, 2018, issue of the Journal of Cell Biology and includes an interview with the paper's senior author, Margaret Gardel (University of Chicago). Produced by Caitlin Sedwick and Ben Short. See the associated paper in JCB for details on the funding provided to support this original research. Subscribe to biosights via or View The Rockefeller University Press
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biosights: March 5, 2018
03/05/2018
biosights: March 5, 2018
The nucleus comes through in the clutch In addition to its roles in DNA replication and gene expression, the nucleus has an important physical impact on cellular behavior. reveal that, although the nucleus is dispensable for cell polarization and migration on 2D surfaces, it is crucial for regulating the cell's responses to mechanical cues. This biosights episode presents the paper by Graham et al. from the March 5th, 2018, issue of the Journal of Cell Biology and includes an interview with the paper's first author, David Graham, and its two senior authors, Jim Bear and Keith Burridge (University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill). Produced by Caitlin Sedwick and Ben Short. See the associated paper in JCB for details on the funding provided to support this original research. Subscribe to biosights via or View The Rockefeller University Press
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biosights: February 5, 2018
02/05/2018
biosights: February 5, 2018
Cytotoxic T cells use Flower power In order to efficiently kill multiple target cells, cytotoxic T lymphocytes must endocytose and recycle cytotoxic granule membrane components from the immunological synapse. reveal that a protein called Flower facilitates granule endocytosis in a calcium-dependent manner. This biosights episode presents the paper by Chang et al. from the February 5th, 2018, issue of the Journal of Cell Biology and includes an interview with one of the paper's senior authors, Jens Rettig (Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany). Produced by Caitlin Sedwick and Ben Short. See the associated paper in JCB for details on the funding provided to support this original research. Subscribe to biosights via or View The Rockefeller University Press
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biosights: January 2, 2018
01/02/2018
biosights: January 2, 2018
Ring out your dead: MRCKα cleavage triggers epithelial extrusion Dying epithelial cells are extruded from the tissue by a basal actomyosin ring formed in neighboring, healthy cells. reveal that epithelial extrusion is also driven by actin rearrangements in the apoptotic cell, where cleavage of the kinase MRCKα induces the assembly of an apical actin ring that collapses the cell body and moves the dying cell upward. This biosights episode presents the paper by Gagliardi et al. from the January 2nd, 2018, issue of the Journal of Cell Biology and includes an interview with the paper's first author, Paolo Gagliardi (Candiolo Cancer Institute, Candiolo, Italy). Produced by Caitlin Sedwick and Ben Short. See the associated paper in JCB for details on the funding provided to support this original research. Subscribe to biosights via or View The Rockefeller University Press
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biosights: December 4, 2017
12/04/2017
biosights: December 4, 2017
Adult neuroblasts DOCK into position In the postnatal/adult brain, interneuron precursors, or neuroblasts, migrate along the rostral migratory stream by undergoing cycles of leading process extension followed by somal translocation. reveal that the Rac/Cdc42 guanine nucleotide exchange factor DOCK7 coordinates this migratory cycle by regulating both Rac-dependent leading process extension and p116Rip-dependent actin assembly at the cell rear. This biosights episode presents the paper by Nakamuta et al. from the December 4th, 2017, issue of The Journal of Cell Biology and includes an interview with the paper's senior author, Linda Van Aelst (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, NY). Produced by Caitlin Sedwick and Ben Short. See the associated paper in JCB for details on the funding provided to support this original research. Subscribe to biosights via or View The Rockefeller University Press
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biosights: November 6, 2017
11/06/2017
biosights: November 6, 2017
Cancer-associated fibroblasts lay the tracks for directional migration Cancer-associated fibroblasts, or CAFs, regulate tumor progression by secreting chemokines and remodeling the extracellular matrix. reveal that the CAF-dependent alignment of fibronectin promotes directional cancer cell migration. This biosights episode presents the paper by Erdogan et al. from the November 6th, 2017, issue of The Journal of Cell Biology and includes an interview with two of the paper's authors, Begum Erdogan and Mingfang Ao (Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN). Produced by Caitlin Sedwick and Ben Short. See the associated paper in JCB for details on the funding provided to support this original research. Subscribe to biosights via or View The Rockefeller University Press
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biosights: October 2, 2017
10/02/2017
biosights: October 2, 2017
Drp1 cuts off mitophagy Misfolded mitochondrial proteins can be eliminated by Parkin-dependent mitophagy but how this process selectively removes damaged mitochondrial regions is unclear. reveal that protein aggregates in the mitochondrial matrix trigger a local accumulation of Parkin on the mitochondrial outer membrane, and that the mitochondrial fission protein Drp1 segregates these domains to prevent Parkin accumulation from spreading and directing the elimination of healthy regions of the organelle. This biosights episode presents the paper by Burman et al. from the October 2nd, 2017, issue of The Journal of Cell Biology and includes an interview with the paper's senior author, Richard Youle (NINDS, NIH). Produced by Caitlin Sedwick and Ben Short. See the associated paper in JCB for details on the funding provided to support this original research.
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biosights: September 4, 2017
09/04/2017
biosights: September 4, 2017
Synaptic activity shifts dendritic lysosomes Invading pathogens or other toxic agents can trigger the assembly of the inflammasome adaptor ASC into large, intracellular specks that activate caspase-1 to initiate a proinflammatory cell death called pyroptosis. follow the dynamics of ASC speck formation in live zebrafish, revealing their lethal effects on epidermal keratinocytes and their subsequent engulfment and degradation by macrophages. This biosights episode presents the paper by Kuri et al. from the September 4th, 2017, issue of The Journal of Cell Biology and includes an interview with two of the paper's authors, Paola Kuri and Maria Leptin (EMBL). Produced by Caitlin Sedwick and Ben Short. See the associated paper in JCB for details on the funding provided to support this original research.
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biosights: August 7, 2017
08/07/2017
biosights: August 7, 2017
Synaptic activity shifts dendritic lysosomes Lysosomes are known to exist in both the cell body and axon of neurons, but whether they also localize to dendrites is unclear. reveal that lysosomes do exist in dendrites and dendritic spines, and that their trafficking in this region of neurons is regulated by synaptic activity. This biosights episode presents the paper by Goo et al. from the August 7th, 2017, issue of The Journal of Cell Biology and includes an interview with the paper's senior author, Gentry Patrick (University of California, San Diego). Produced by Caitlin Sedwick and Ben Short. See the associated paper in JCB for details on the funding provided to support this original research. Subscribe to biosights via or View The Rockefeller University Press
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biosights: July 3, 2017
06/26/2017
biosights: July 3, 2017
Myosins team up to help secretory granules integrate Actomyosin contractility drives a variety of membrane remodeling events, including the integration of secretory granules into the apical plasma membrane after exocytosis. By visualizing granule integration in the salivary glands of live mice, reveal that myosin IIA and myosin IIB act at different stages of the process and that the activation and assembly of these myosin isoforms into contractile filaments is regulated by the F-actin scaffold, which assembles on secretory granules and recruits myosin light chain kinase. This biosights episode presents the paper by Milberg et al. from the July 3rd, 2017, issue of The Journal of Cell Biology and includes an interview with the paper's senior author, Roberto Weigert (National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD). Produced by Caitlin Sedwick and Ben Short. See the associated paper in JCB for details on the funding provided to support this original research. Subscribe to biosights via or View The Rockefeller University Press
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biosights: June 5, 2017
06/05/2017
biosights: June 5, 2017
Broken chromosomes stay on the safe side in mitosis Unrepaired DNA double strand breaks can generate chromosome fragments that lack centromeres but, surprisingly, these acentric chromosomes can nevertheless segregate to spindle poles during mitosis. reveal that, in Drosophila melanogaster neuroblasts, acentric chromosomes segregate along interpolar microtubules at the spindle periphery that are organized by the chromokinesin motor protein Klp3a. This biosights episode presents the paper by Karg et al. from the June 5th, 2017, issue of The Journal of Cell Biology and includes an interview with the paper's senior author, William Sullivan (University of California, Santa Cruz). Produced by Caitlin Sedwick and Ben Short. See the associated paper in JCB for details on the funding provided to support this original research. Subscribe to biosights via or View The Rockefeller University Press
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biosights: May 1, 2017
05/01/2017
biosights: May 1, 2017
The cell cortex makes use of plastin's connections Cortical actomyosin contractility regulates a variety of morphogenetic processes at both the cellular and tissue-based levels. reveal that, in the Caenorhabditis elegans zygote, the actin cross-linking protein plastin optimizes connectivity within the cortical actomyosin network to coordinate large-scale contractile processes that drive cell polarization and cytokinesis. This biosights episode presents the paper by Ding et al. from the May 1st, 2017, issue of The Journal of Cell Biology and includes an interview with the paper's senior author, Ronen Zaidel-Bar (National University of Singapore). Produced by Caitlin Sedwick and Ben Short. See the associated paper in JCB for details on the funding provided to support this original research. Subscribe to biosights via or View The Rockefeller University Press
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biosights: April 3, 2017
04/03/2017
biosights: April 3, 2017
How Chlamydia help mitochondria keep it together The obligate intracellular bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis must keep its host cell alive, even though it produces reactive oxygen species that expose the host cell to oxidative stress. reveal that Chlamydia mitigates this oxidative stress by down-regulating the mitochondrial fission protein DRP1 via a microRNA- and p53-dependent pathway, thereby maintaining the mitochondrial network and ATP production to promote host cell survival and bacterial growth. This biosights episode presents the paper by Chowdhury et al. from the April 3rd, 2017, issue of The Journal of Cell Biology and includes an interview with two of the paper's authors, Suvagata Roy Chowdhury and Thomas Rudel (University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany). Produced by Caitlin Sedwick and Ben Short. See the associated paper in JCB for details on the funding provided to support this original research. Subscribe to biosights via or View The Rockefeller University Press
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biosights: March 6, 2017
03/06/2017
biosights: March 6, 2017
Actin isoforms divide their responsibilities in motoneurons Actin dynamics are crucial for axon growth and branching, but most studies have only focused on the role of β-actin. reveal that α-, β-, and γ-actin have different functions in motoneuron axons; locally translated α-actin forms stable actin filaments that promote the formation of axonal branches, whereas β-actin regulates growth cone dynamics. This biosights episode presents the paper by Moradi et al. from the March 6th, 2017, issue of The Journal of Cell Biology and includes an interview with the paper's senior author, Michael Sendtner (University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany). Produced by Caitlin Sedwick and Ben Short. See the associated paper in JCB for details on the funding provided to support this original research. Subscribe to biosights via or View The Rockefeller University Press
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biosights: February 6, 2017
02/06/2017
biosights: February 6, 2017
Localizing mTORC2 activity The mTORC2 complex regulates cell growth and proliferation by phosphorylating the protein kinase Akt, but where in the cell mTORC2 is active, and how growth factors direct its activity towards Akt, remains unclear. use a novel reporter to show that endogenous mTORC2 activity localizes to plasma membrane, mitochondrial, and endosomal pools with distinct sensitivities to PI3 kinase and growth factor signaling, and that growth factors induce Akt phosphorylation by promoting Akt's recruitment to the plasma membrane. This biosights episode presents the paper by Ebner et al. from the February 6th, 2017, issue of The Journal of Cell Biology and includes an interview with two of the paper's authors, Michael Ebner and Ivan Yudushkin (Max F. Perutz Laboratories and Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria). Produced by Caitlin Sedwick and Ben Short. See the associated paper in JCB for details on the funding provided to support this original research. Subscribe to biosights via or View The Rockefeller University Press
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biosights: January 2, 2017
01/02/2017
biosights: January 2, 2017
Tumor cells feel the pressure after protease inhibition Primary fibroblasts use a high pressure, “nuclear piston” mode of migration to move through highly cross-linked 3D extracellular matrices. reveal that tumor cells with high levels of matrix metalloproteinase activity generally migrate by forming lamellipodia but, when their protease activity is inhibited, they can switch to the nuclear piston mechanism to force their nuclei through small gaps in the extracellular matrix. This biosights episode presents the paper by Petrie et al. from the January 2nd, 2017, issue of The Journal of Cell Biology and includes an interview with the paper’s senior author, Ryan Petrie (Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA). Produced by Caitlin Sedwick and Ben Short. See the associated paper in JCB for details on the funding provided to support this original research. Subscribe to biosights via or View The Rockefeller University Press
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biosights: December 19, 2016
12/19/2016
biosights: December 19, 2016
How NK cells avoid collateral damage Before secreting their lytic granules to kill transformed or virally infected cells, natural killer cells converge these lysosome-related organelles around the microtubule-organizing center. reveal that, by promoting the granules' directed secretion at the immunological synapse, convergence both enhances the efficiency of target cell killing and limits the death of healthy bystander cells. This biosights episode presents the paper by Hsu et al. from the December 19th, 2016, issue of The Journal of Cell Biology and includes an interview with the paper's senior author, Jordan Orange (Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX). Produced by Caitlin Sedwick and Ben Short. See the associated paper in JCB for details on the funding provided to support this original research. Subscribe to biosights via or View The Rockefeller University Press
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biosights: November 21, 2016
11/21/2016
biosights: November 21, 2016
Formin’ arcs at the immunological synapse When a T cell encounters an antigen-presenting cell, it dramatically reorganizes its cytoskeleton to form a specialized contact site called the immunological synapse. use superresolution microscopy to reveal that the medial region of the synapse contains a contractile network of formin-generated actomyosin arcs that sweep T cell receptor microclusters toward the center of the synapse. This biosights episode presents the paper by Murugesan et al. from the November 7th, 2016, issue of The Journal of Cell Biology and includes an interview with the paper’s senior author, John Hammer (NHLBI, Bethesda, MD). Produced by Caitlin Sedwick and Ben Short. See the associated paper in JCB for details on the funding provided to support this original research.
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biosights: October 24, 2016
10/24/2016
biosights: October 24, 2016
Retinal ganglion cells have a backup plan Retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) are born at the apical side of the retinal neuroepithelium before they translocate to the basal side and send out axons to form the optic nerve. reveal that, in the zebrafish retina, RGC translocation is expedited by basal process attachment and a population of stable microtubules. If necessary, however, RGCs can switch to a backup, multipolar migratory mode to ensure that they reach the basal lamina in time to support the later stages of retinal development. This biosights episode presents the paper by Icha et al. from the October 24th, 2016, issue of The Journal of Cell Biology and includes an interview with the paper’s senior author, Caren Norden (Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany). Produced by Caitlin Sedwick and Ben Short. See the associated paper in JCB for details on the funding provided to support this original research. Subscribe to biosights via or View The Rockefeller University Press
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biosights: September 26, 2016
09/26/2016
biosights: September 26, 2016
An iron hand controls endosome-mitochondria contacts In erythroid cells, endocytosed iron is directly transferred into mitochondria at dynamic endosome-mitochondria contacts. reveal that this process also occurs in epithelial cells, and that the motility of endosomes, and the duration of their interactions with mitochondria, is modulated by intra-endosomal iron release from transferrin. This biosights episode presents the paper by Das et al. from the September 26th, 2016, issue of The Journal of Cell Biology and includes an interview with the paper’s senior author, Margarida Barroso (Albany Medical College, Albany, NY). Produced by Caitlin Sedwick and Ben Short. See the associated paper in JCB for details on the funding provided to support this original research. Subscribe to biosights via or View The Rockefeller University Press
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biosights: August 29, 2016
08/29/2016
biosights: August 29, 2016
Septins step in to promote macropinosome fusion After they are formed by the closure of membrane ruffles, macropinosomes mature by fusing with each other and with endosomes, before eventually delivering their fluid phase cargo to lysosomes. reveal that septin filaments promote macropinosome maturation and lysosomal delivery by facilitating macropinosome/endosome fusion. This biosights episode presents the paper by Dolat and Spiliotis from the August 29th, 2016, issue of The Journal of Cell Biology and includes an interview with the paper's senior author, Elias Spiliotis (Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA). Produced by Caitlin Sedwick and Ben Short. See the associated paper in JCB for details on the funding provided to support this original research. Subscribe to biosights via or View The Rockefeller University Press
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biosights: August 1, 2016
08/01/2016
biosights: August 1, 2016
The midbody enables ciliogenesis Fibroblasts initiate ciliogenesis inside the cell, but polarized epithelial cells form a primary cilium at the apical cell surface through a mechanism that is largely uncharacterized. reveal that, in polarized MDCK cells, a remnant of the cytokinetic midbody moves to the center of the apical surface, where it encounters the centrosome and enables cilium formation. This biosights episode presents the paper by from the August 1, 2016, issue of The Journal of Cell Biology and includes an interview with the paper's senior author, Miguel Alonso (Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain). Produced by Caitlin Sedwick and Ben Short. See the associated paper in JCB for details on the funding provided to support this original research. Subscribe to biosights via or View The Rockefeller University Press
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biosights: July 4, 2016
07/04/2016
biosights: July 4, 2016
Mobilizing mitochondria aids axon regeneration In mature neurons, the axonal transport of mitochondria is suppressed by the expression of the mitochondrial anchoring protein syntaphilin. reveal that enhancing mitochondrial transport in mature neurons rescues energy deficits and facilitates axon regeneration after injury. This biosights episode presents the paper by Zhou et al. from the July 4th, 2016, issue of The Journal of Cell Biology and includes an interview with the paper's senior author, Zu-Hang Sheng (National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD). Produced by Caitlin Sedwick and Ben Short. See the associated paper in JCB for details on the funding provided to support this original research. Subscribe to biosights via or View The Rockefeller University Press
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biosights: June 6, 2016
06/06/2016
biosights: June 6, 2016
Neural crest cells stay within versican's confines Spatial confinement enhances collective cell migration in vitro, but whether it promotes collective migration in vivo is unclear. reveal that the extracellular matrix protein versican confines neural crest cells to enhance their collective migration during Xenopus laevis embryogenesis. This biosights episode presents the paper by Szabó et al. from the June 6th, 2016, issue of The Journal of Cell Biology and includes an interview with the paper's senior author, Roberto Mayor (University College London, London, England, UK). Produced by Caitlin Sedwick and Ben Short. See the associated paper in JCB for details on the funding provided to support this original research. Subscribe to biosights via or View The Rockefeller University Press
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biosights: May 9, 2016
05/09/2016
biosights: May 9, 2016
Surf's uptake! Exosomes ride filopodia into cells Exosomes are small, extracellular vesicles that transfer lipid, protein, and RNA cargoes between cells, but relatively little is known about how they are taken up and processed by their target cells. reveal that exosomes "surf" along recipient cell filopodia before being efficiently endocytosed and targeted to the endoplasmic reticulum. This biosights episode presents the paper by Heusermann et al. from the April 25, 2016, issue of The Journal of Cell Biology and includes an interview with the paper's senior author, Nicole Meisner-Kober (Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland). Produced by Caitlin Sedwick and Ben Short. See the associated paper in JCB for details on the funding provided to support this original research. Subscribe to biosights via or View The Rockefeller University Press
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biosights: April 11, 2016
04/11/2016
biosights: April 11, 2016
Sac1 works its contacts The plasma membrane phosphoinositide PI(4,5)P2 is derived from PI(4)P, whose levels are controlled by the essential lipid phosphatase Sac1. Sac1 is an integral ER membrane protein, but reveal that it localizes to dynamic ER–plasma membrane contact sites to regulate plasma membrane PI(4)P and PI(4,5)P2 levels. This biosights episode presents the paper by Dickson et al. from the April 11th, 2016, issue of The Journal of Cell Biology and includes an interview with the paper's corresponding author, Eamonn Dickson (University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA). Produced by Caitlin Sedwick and Ben Short. See the associated paper in JCB for details on the funding provided to support this original research. Subscribe to biosights via or View The Rockefeller University Press
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biosights: March 14, 2016
03/14/2016
biosights: March 14, 2016
Fat2 whips fly eggs into shape During Drosophila oogenesis, the collective migration of egg chamber follicle cells drives the chambers' rotation and elongation. reveal that the atypical cadherin Fat2 recruits the WAVE regulatory complex to tricellular junctions to induce the formation of whip-like actin protrusions that control collective migration and tissue rotation. This biosights episode presents the paper by Squarr et al. from the February 29th, 2016, issue of The Journal of Cell Biology and includes an interview with the paper's senior author, Sven Bogdan (University of Münster, Münster, Germany). Produced by Caitlin Sedwick and Ben Short. See the associated paper in JCB for details on the funding provided to support this original research. Subscribe to biosights via or View The Rockefeller University Press
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biosights: February 15, 2016
02/15/2016
biosights: February 15, 2016
Chipping away at the problems of cardiac stem cell therapy Though stem cells transplanted into heart attack patients can develop into cardiomyocytes and integrate with undamaged host tissue, preclinical studies and clinical trials have only shown limited improvements in cardiac function. Using a simplified, in vitro, "muscle on-a-chip" system, reveal that mechanical forces aren't transmitted efficiently between weaker, stem cell–derived cardiomyocytes and stronger, more mature host cells. This biosights episode presents the paper by Aratyn-Schaus et al. from the February 15th, 2016, issue of The Journal of Cell Biology and includes an interview with one of the paper's co-first authors, Francesco Pasqualini (Harvard University, Cambridge, MA). Produced by Caitlin Sedwick and Ben Short. See the associated paper in JCB for details on the funding provided to support this original research. Subscribe to biosights via or View The Rockefeller University Press
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