Who Pays for Plastic? Inside the Law Quietly Shifting the Bill to Producers
How To Protect The Ocean
For decades, the honest answer to "who pays to deal with plastic packaging once it leaves the shelf" was taxpayers, quietly, through municipal budgets that funded garbage trucks and recycling plants running at a loss, whether or not the packaging actually got recycled. That's the system extended producer responsibility (EPR) is built to replace: a legal requirement that the companies making and selling packaging fund what happens to it after a customer buys the product, not the city that collects it afterward. Seven US states have now passed packaging EPR laws. Oregon has been charging...
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Inside Ocean Conservancy's Fight to Make Washing Machine Filters the Law
How To Protect The Ocean
Ocean Conservancy's "Not Safe for Wash" campaign is built around a simple premise: the fix for washing machine microfiber pollution already exists, so the fight isn't about inventing new technology, it's about forcing a nearly two-decade-old idea into law. Its own May 2026 poll of 1,010 Americans found concern about microplastics up 32% since 2023, nearly 9 in 10 people concerned, and 81% in favor of requiring filters on new washing machines. The public isn't the obstacle. The real opponent is AHAM, the Association of Home Appliance Manufacturers, the trade group representing the companies...
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Your Washing Machine Sheds Up to 18 Million Microfibers a Load
How To Protect The Ocean
Every wash cycle sheds plastic. Last Monday, Andrew talked with Dr. Anja Brandon of Ocean Conservancy about microfiber pollution, and one question from that conversation stuck with him: has anyone actually fixed this yet? In this solo follow-up, Andrew traces a microfiber's actual path, from the moment agitation, heat, and detergent work it loose from a shirt, through the drain, into a wastewater treatment plant, and out the other side into biosolids, farmland, rivers, and the ocean, with a growing body of research suggesting some of it ends up in human lungs and even in the human placenta....
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Can Bacteria Actually Eat Plastic?
How To Protect The Ocean
Bacteria that eat plastic sounds like the fix everyone's been waiting for, and Andrew gets sent videos about it constantly. So on this solo episode, following Monday's interview with Dr. Anja Brandon of Ocean Conservancy, he goes looking for the real state of the science. The short version: it's promising, it's roughly a decade of real research deep, and it is nowhere close to running at the scale the ocean plastic crisis actually needs. The bacterium that started this whole field, Ideonella sakaiensis, was discovered breaking down PET plastic in Japan in 2016. A 2025 breakthrough from NREL,...
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The 90 Percent Fix Hiding in Your Laundry Room
How To Protect The Ocean
Every time you run a load of laundry, your washing machine sheds plastic. Not metaphorically: synthetic clothing made from polyester, nylon, and rayon releases microfibers with every wash, and depending on the study, a single load can shed anywhere from a few hundred thousand to millions of them. Most of us have never thought about it, because unlike a plastic bag on the beach, you can't see it happening. In this episode, Andrew talks with Dr. Anja Brandon, Director of Plastics Policy at Ocean Conservancy, about the plastic pollution problem hiding in plain sight behind the more familiar...
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A New PBS Documentary Wants You to Care About Coral. Meet the Man Behind It.
How To Protect The Ocean
A new documentary called Descent – Into the Blue starts airing on public television stations nationwide on September 1, 2026. It's narrated by Peter Coyote, directed by Rory Fielding, and one of its central voices is Mike Goldberg, co-founder of the Florida Keys coral restoration nonprofit I.CARE and owner of Key Dives in Islamorada. Andrew sits down with Mike for the full, unedited version of the conversation this week's four solo episodes have been building toward: 30-plus years running a dive shop, more than 10,000 dives, and a front-row seat to watching the reefs he built his life around...
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Show Me the Receipts: Why I.CARE Monitors Every Coral It Plants
How To Protect The Ocean
Most coral restoration groups check on a sample of what they've planted, often around 20 to 30 percent, and report that sample as if it represents everything in the water. I.CARE checks on all of it. Every single coral outplant gets monitored at one week, one month, 90 days, then one, two, and three years, with no substitute and nothing left unaccounted for. That rule was built in by co-founders Mike Goldberg and Dr. Kylie Smith before I.CARE ever planted its first coral, and Mike frames it as a matter of fiduciary duty, the same obligation he'd expect from anyone handling someone else's...
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The Nursery Hack That Pays for Itself
How To Protect The Ocean
Coral nurseries need constant maintenance, and that maintenance is expensive and relentless. When Andrew talked to Mike Goldberg, co-founder of I.CARE, his answer wasn't to hire more staff. It was to let paying customers do it for the fun of it. Mike owns a dive shop in the Florida Keys, so the paying customers are scuba divers, and over the years he's built a funding model so small that nobody has ever really complained about it. None of that makes sense until you understand what coral actually is. It's an animal, not a plant or a rock: what looks like one coral "head" is really a colony of...
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He Almost Quit the Dive Business. Then a Coral Reef PhD Student Walked In.
How To Protect The Ocean
Mike Goldberg had over 10,000 dives and decades running a dive shop in the Florida Keys, enough time to have seen the reefs at their pristine best. Then came a coral bleaching event in 2008, and a few years later, Stony Coral Tissue Loss Disease, a still-unexplained outbreak that's killed coral tissue outright across more than 20 of Florida's roughly 45 stony coral species since 2014. At one point his wife told him directly: the reef isn't what it used to be, and it's not getting better. Get out of the business before there's nothing left to sell. He didn't know what to do about it. Then,...
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84 Percent: Inside the Worst Coral Bleaching Event Ever Recorded
How To Protect The Ocean
This year, most of the coral on the planet went through heat stress severe enough to bleach it. That's not a rounding error: 84 percent of the world's reef area, across the Pacific, Atlantic, and Indian Oceans, and NOAA had to add three brand-new alert levels to its Coral Reef Watch scale because the existing one had no category for what was happening. In this episode, Andrew breaks down exactly where global coral reefs stand right now: how the fourth global mass bleaching event on record got declared, why NOAA waited until 2026 to confirm it had actually ended, and why every global bleaching...
info_outlineAndrew Lewin discusses the potential of replacing plastic with a sustainable substance found in shellfish. Imagine a world where everyday items are eco-friendly and do not harm the environment when disposed of. Join us to explore this innovative solution to plastic pollution and learn how we can all contribute to a healthier ocean.
Link to article: https://www.anthropocenemagazine.org/2024/03/experts-unlock-the-vast-potential-of-seafood-waste-without-the-toxic-after-effects/
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Chitin, a substance found in the shells of seafood shellfish, has emerged as a promising alternative to traditional plastic. Researchers at the University of Connecticut have developed a method to extract chitin from crabs, lobsters, and other crustaceans. Historically, chitin extraction has been challenging due to the use of harmful substances like hydrochloric acid, which can harm the environment. However, the researchers have found a more sustainable approach using non-toxic and biocompatible byproducts from the biodiesel industry.
This breakthrough is significant because chitin-based products could offer a more environmentally friendly solution to plastic pollution. Chitin-based materials have the potential to break down more easily in the environment, reducing the harmful impact on ecosystems. With approximately six million tons of seafood waste generated in the US alone each year, there is a vast potential source of chitin that could be repurposed into sustainable products.
The innovative extraction process involves using organic acids like glycerol, choline chloride, lactic acid, or malic acid to separate chitin from the shellfish material. This method not only makes chitin extraction more efficient but also eliminates the use of corrosive substances that harm the environment. The resulting chitin can be used as a biodegradable replacement for petroleum-based plastics, offering a more sustainable option for various products.
Furthermore, the researchers are exploring additional applications for chitin, such as turning salvaged chitin into nutrient-rich fertilizer for crops. This demonstrates the versatility and potential value of chitin as a sustainable resource. The episode emphasizes the importance of investing in innovative research projects like this to drive positive change and reduce our reliance on fossil fuels.
Researchers have made a groundbreaking discovery in finding a more environmentally friendly way to extract chitin from shellfish, making it a viable option for plastic production. Traditionally, extracting chitin from shellfish has been a challenging and polluting process, involving the use of harmful substances like hydrochloric acid. However, a lab at the University of Connecticut has found a new method that utilizes non-toxic, biocompatible, and cost-effective byproducts of the biodiesel industry, such as choline chloride, glycerol, and organic acids.
This innovative approach involves creating a solvent rich in hydrogen bonds that can break down the original bond in the shellfish material, enabling the separation and release of chitin from other compounds in the shells' complex matrix. This method not only makes the extraction process more efficient but also eliminates the harmful environmental impacts associated with traditional extraction methods.
With this new extraction process, chitin can now be obtained sustainably from the shells of crabs, lobsters, crustaceans, and shrimp. This discovery opens up a world of possibilities for using chitin as a biodegradable replacement for petroleum-based plastics. The potential applications of chitin in plastic production are vast, offering a more sustainable alternative that breaks down harmlessly in the environment.
Furthermore, researchers are exploring additional uses for chitin, such as turning salvaged chitin into a nutrient-rich fertilizer for crops. This demonstrates the versatility and value of chitin as a resource that can be repurposed into valuable products, contributing to a more circular and sustainable economy.
Overall, this discovery represents a significant step towards reducing plastic pollution and transitioning towards more eco-friendly alternatives in plastic production. By investing in innovative research like this, we can pave the way for a more sustainable future and reduce our reliance on fossil fuels for plastic manufacturing.
Governments play a crucial role in driving innovation towards more sustainable practices and reducing reliance on fossil fuels. As discussed in the podcast episode, investing in innovative projects like the use of chitin to create sustainable products presents a significant opportunity for governments to lead the way in environmental conservation. Chitin, extracted from seafood waste, offers a biodegradable alternative to petroleum-based plastics, addressing the pressing issue of plastic pollution.
By investing in research and development of chitin-based products, governments can support the transition towards a more sustainable economy. This investment not only fosters technological advancements but also promotes job creation and economic growth in emerging industries focused on sustainability. Furthermore, the utilization of chitin in various applications, such as packaging and fertilizers, demonstrates the versatility and potential of this natural resource.
Governments should prioritize funding for projects that explore innovative solutions like chitin-based products. By supporting these initiatives, policymakers can demonstrate a commitment to environmental stewardship and climate action. Additionally, investing in sustainable alternatives to fossil fuels aligns with global efforts to mitigate climate change and reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
Overall, government investment in projects utilizing chitin and other sustainable materials is essential for driving the transition towards a more environmentally friendly and sustainable future. By supporting research, development, and implementation of these innovative solutions, governments can play a pivotal role in creating a more sustainable and resilient society for future generations.