The Trapdoor That Saves Sea Turtles From Shrimp Nets
How To Protect The Ocean
A Kemp’s ridley sea turtle, the most endangered sea turtle on Earth, gets swept into a shrimp trawl. It hits a metal grid, slides out through a flap in the net, and swims away. That small trapdoor, the turtle excluder device, is one of the biggest success stories in fisheries management, and in late August 2026 a US federal appeals court upheld the rule extending it to skimmer trawl boats 40 feet and longer. In this episode, marine biologist Andrew Lewin walks through the bycatch fixes that are working and the fights still underway. You’ll hear why North Atlantic right whales get tangled...
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The Cod Came Back: What a Fishery Collapse Teaches Us About Overfishing
How To Protect The Ocean
Five centuries ago, explorers off Newfoundland described cod so plentiful that a weighted basket lowered into the sea came back full. By July 2, 1992, so few remained that Canada shut the northern cod fishery overnight. About 30,000 people lost their work in what became the largest single layoff in Canadian history. In this first episode of a week-long sustainable seafood series, Andrew tells the story of how the collapse happened and how slowly the cod came back. Andrew then breaks down the words that cause the most confusion in fisheries headlines: overfishing, overfished, depleted, and...
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How to Choose Sustainable Seafood
How To Protect The Ocean
You want to eat seafood the right way. Then you hit the seafood counter and face a wall of labels, a sign promising “sustainable practices,” and an employee who has no idea where the tuna came from. Add documentaries like Seaspiracy telling you to quit fish entirely, and it’s tempting to give up and buy whatever looks good. Unsustainable fishing is the biggest threat to marine biodiversity, so those choices carry real weight. In this episode, Andrew’s good friend Dr. David Shiffman joins the show to talk about his new book, Why Sustainable Seafood Matters. David spent two years on the...
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Slow Down for Whales: How Global Shipping Learned to Share the Ocean
How To Protect The Ocean
Blue whales can’t dodge ships. When scientists tracked blue whales alongside cargo ships off Southern California, the whales responded in just over half the encounters, and every response was the same: a slow, shallow dive. Not once did a whale move sideways out of the ship’s path. Models suggest ships kill around 18 blue whales a year off the U.S. West Coast, nearly eight times what the population can lose and still recover. The good news is in the data. Most blue whale strike deaths happen in a small slice of ocean, and that’s where ports, air quality agencies, marine sanctuaries, and...
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When Whale Food Moves: Climate Change, Crab Traps, and Pop-Up Gear
How To Protect The Ocean
In 2014, a patch of unusually warm water nicknamed "the blob" settled off the west coast of North America. The cold, food-rich water that normally stretches far offshore shrank into a narrow strip along the coast, and hungry humpback whales followed their food straight into the waters where Dungeness crabbers had set thousands of traps, each tied to a vertical rope. Entanglements jumped from about 10 a year to 53 in 2015 and 55 in 2016. In this episode, Andrew traces the line from warmer water to a specific whale in a specific rope. You'll learn why lunge-feeding whales depend on dense patches...
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The Whale Heart That Beats Twice a Minute
How To Protect The Ocean
Fill your hands with cold water, hold your breath, and press your face in. Your heart slows within seconds. That reflex lives in every whale in the ocean too, and in a blue whale it is pushed so far that the largest heart on Earth can drop to two beats a minute on a deep dive. In this episode, Andrew walks through the first heart rate recording from a wild blue whale, led by Jeremy Goldbogen's team at Stanford, and a study by Terrie Williams of UC Santa Cruz that tracked narwhals fleeing after release from nets in East Greenland. The narwhals swam as hard as they could while their hearts fell...
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The Biggest Mouthful: How Blue Whales Eat and Why Krill Matters
How To Protect The Ocean
A blue whale can swallow a volume of water bigger than its own body in a single gulp. That move, called lunge feeding, is one of the most extreme feats in the animal kingdom, and it only pays off when krill is packed into thick, dense swarms. In a thin patch, a blue whale gets back about six times the energy it spent. In a dense swarm, it gets back more than 200 times. In this first episode of the Age of Giants series, Andrew breaks down how rorqual whales feed, then follows the krill. In 2025, the Antarctic krill fishery hit its 620,000 tonne precautionary limit for the first time and closed...
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Whales Are Sprinters: What a Blue Whale's Heart Does When It Lunge Feeds
How To Protect The Ocean
What happens to the heart of the largest animal on Earth when it charges into a swarm of krill? Dr. Ashley Blawas, a postdoctoral scholar in Jeremy Goldbogen's lab at Stanford's Hopkins Marine Station, joins Andrew to unpack new research published in PNAS that measured the heart rates of lunge-feeding blue whales and humpback whales using suction-cup ECG tags. Ashley explains the three phases of lunge feeding (accelerate, engulf, filter) and why these giants behave a lot like human sprinters. Their heart rates stay high after each lunge, then gradually recover while they glide and filter,...
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The Pollution That Breeds: How the Great Lakes Stopped Invaders
How To Protect The Ocean
In 1988, someone found a striped mussel the size of a fingernail in Lake St. Clair. Within a few years, zebra mussels coated pipes, boats, and the bottom of the Great Lakes, and they became the poster child for "it's too late." Andrew closes Marine Pollution week with the pollutant that breaks every rule: a living one that reproduces instead of diluting. He follows two invaders. Zebra mussels rode in on ship ballast water, clogged power plant intakes, and stripped plankton from the base of the food web. Lionfish, likely released from home aquariums, spread from Florida across the Caribbean and...
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How Beach Cleanup Data Helped Canada Ban Plastic
How To Protect The Ocean
You rinse the yogurt tub, check the number on the bottom, and drop it in the blue bin. In Canada, only about 9% of plastic waste actually gets recycled, and the global rate is the same. Andrew breaks down why plastic is so hard to recycle, why microplastics are so hard to study, and what the controversy over plastic-in-the-brain headlines does and doesn't tell us. Then the story moves to a beach in Stanley Park in 1994, where Vancouver Aquarium staff and volunteers started picking up trash and writing down what they found. That cleanup grew into a national program, and its data fed into the...
info_outlineAndrew Lewin discusses the potential of replacing plastic with a sustainable substance found in shellfish. Imagine a world where everyday items are eco-friendly and do not harm the environment when disposed of. Join us to explore this innovative solution to plastic pollution and learn how we can all contribute to a healthier ocean.
Link to article: https://www.anthropocenemagazine.org/2024/03/experts-unlock-the-vast-potential-of-seafood-waste-without-the-toxic-after-effects/
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Chitin, a substance found in the shells of seafood shellfish, has emerged as a promising alternative to traditional plastic. Researchers at the University of Connecticut have developed a method to extract chitin from crabs, lobsters, and other crustaceans. Historically, chitin extraction has been challenging due to the use of harmful substances like hydrochloric acid, which can harm the environment. However, the researchers have found a more sustainable approach using non-toxic and biocompatible byproducts from the biodiesel industry.
This breakthrough is significant because chitin-based products could offer a more environmentally friendly solution to plastic pollution. Chitin-based materials have the potential to break down more easily in the environment, reducing the harmful impact on ecosystems. With approximately six million tons of seafood waste generated in the US alone each year, there is a vast potential source of chitin that could be repurposed into sustainable products.
The innovative extraction process involves using organic acids like glycerol, choline chloride, lactic acid, or malic acid to separate chitin from the shellfish material. This method not only makes chitin extraction more efficient but also eliminates the use of corrosive substances that harm the environment. The resulting chitin can be used as a biodegradable replacement for petroleum-based plastics, offering a more sustainable option for various products.
Furthermore, the researchers are exploring additional applications for chitin, such as turning salvaged chitin into nutrient-rich fertilizer for crops. This demonstrates the versatility and potential value of chitin as a sustainable resource. The episode emphasizes the importance of investing in innovative research projects like this to drive positive change and reduce our reliance on fossil fuels.
Researchers have made a groundbreaking discovery in finding a more environmentally friendly way to extract chitin from shellfish, making it a viable option for plastic production. Traditionally, extracting chitin from shellfish has been a challenging and polluting process, involving the use of harmful substances like hydrochloric acid. However, a lab at the University of Connecticut has found a new method that utilizes non-toxic, biocompatible, and cost-effective byproducts of the biodiesel industry, such as choline chloride, glycerol, and organic acids.
This innovative approach involves creating a solvent rich in hydrogen bonds that can break down the original bond in the shellfish material, enabling the separation and release of chitin from other compounds in the shells' complex matrix. This method not only makes the extraction process more efficient but also eliminates the harmful environmental impacts associated with traditional extraction methods.
With this new extraction process, chitin can now be obtained sustainably from the shells of crabs, lobsters, crustaceans, and shrimp. This discovery opens up a world of possibilities for using chitin as a biodegradable replacement for petroleum-based plastics. The potential applications of chitin in plastic production are vast, offering a more sustainable alternative that breaks down harmlessly in the environment.
Furthermore, researchers are exploring additional uses for chitin, such as turning salvaged chitin into a nutrient-rich fertilizer for crops. This demonstrates the versatility and value of chitin as a resource that can be repurposed into valuable products, contributing to a more circular and sustainable economy.
Overall, this discovery represents a significant step towards reducing plastic pollution and transitioning towards more eco-friendly alternatives in plastic production. By investing in innovative research like this, we can pave the way for a more sustainable future and reduce our reliance on fossil fuels for plastic manufacturing.
Governments play a crucial role in driving innovation towards more sustainable practices and reducing reliance on fossil fuels. As discussed in the podcast episode, investing in innovative projects like the use of chitin to create sustainable products presents a significant opportunity for governments to lead the way in environmental conservation. Chitin, extracted from seafood waste, offers a biodegradable alternative to petroleum-based plastics, addressing the pressing issue of plastic pollution.
By investing in research and development of chitin-based products, governments can support the transition towards a more sustainable economy. This investment not only fosters technological advancements but also promotes job creation and economic growth in emerging industries focused on sustainability. Furthermore, the utilization of chitin in various applications, such as packaging and fertilizers, demonstrates the versatility and potential of this natural resource.
Governments should prioritize funding for projects that explore innovative solutions like chitin-based products. By supporting these initiatives, policymakers can demonstrate a commitment to environmental stewardship and climate action. Additionally, investing in sustainable alternatives to fossil fuels aligns with global efforts to mitigate climate change and reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
Overall, government investment in projects utilizing chitin and other sustainable materials is essential for driving the transition towards a more environmentally friendly and sustainable future. By supporting research, development, and implementation of these innovative solutions, governments can play a pivotal role in creating a more sustainable and resilient society for future generations.