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Should bull sharks be culled? The truth behind shark bites and how people can actually stay safe

How To Protect The Ocean

Release Date: 01/28/2026

The Invisible Climate Engineers Running Our Ocean show art The Invisible Climate Engineers Running Our Ocean

How To Protect The Ocean

Ocean microbes quietly power the planet. In this episode, we explore the microscopic organisms that regulate Earth’s climate, produce much of the oxygen we breathe, and move enormous amounts of carbon through the ocean every day. These invisible life forms are not just background players in the ocean system; they are central to how the planet works. Synthetic biology is now pushing this idea even further. Dr. José Ángel Moreno-Cabezuelo, a synthetic biologist working in Oxford, is engineering ancient microorganisms called cyanobacteria to capture carbon dioxide using sunlight and biology....

info_outline Scientists Are Engineering Ocean Microbes to Fight Climate Change show art Scientists Are Engineering Ocean Microbes to Fight Climate Change

How To Protect The Ocean

Engineered microbes could transform how we fight climate change. Scientists are modifying ancient ocean microorganisms to capture carbon dioxide and produce materials using only sunlight and seawater. These tiny organisms may become living factories capable of creating fuels, plastics, and industrial chemicals without relying on fossil fuels. Cyanobacteria are at the center of this research. These photosynthetic microbes helped oxygenate the Earth billions of years ago, and now scientists are exploring how they can be engineered to produce biofuels, biodegradable plastics, and sustainable...

info_outline The Ocean’s Secret Cleanup Crew: Microbes That Eat Oil and Pollution show art The Ocean’s Secret Cleanup Crew: Microbes That Eat Oil and Pollution

How To Protect The Ocean

Millions of people see the damage caused by oil spills and plastic pollution, but very few know what happens beneath the surface. In the ocean, microscopic organisms begin responding almost immediately. Certain marine microbes can actually consume hydrocarbons and other pollutants, turning toxic compounds into energy. Ocean microbes play a surprising role in pollution cleanup. After the Deepwater Horizon oil spill, scientists observed massive blooms of oil degrading bacteria that rapidly multiplied as they fed on hydrocarbons released into the water. These microbes act as nature’s chemical...

info_outline The Invisible Ocean Engine That Controls Earth’s Climate show art The Invisible Ocean Engine That Controls Earth’s Climate

How To Protect The Ocean

Every year, the ocean removes billions of tons of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. Most people assume whales, mangroves, or seagrass are responsible for this massive climate service. But the largest carbon capture system on Earth is actually microscopic. In this episode of How to Protect the Ocean, we explore the biological carbon pump, a powerful process driven by ocean microbes that captures carbon at the surface and transports it deep into the ocean for centuries. These tiny organisms, including phytoplankton and cyanobacteria, form the foundation of marine food webs and play a critical...

info_outline The Ocean’s Invisible Majority: The Microbes That Secretly Run the Planet show art The Ocean’s Invisible Majority: The Microbes That Secretly Run the Planet

How To Protect The Ocean

When people think about ocean life, they imagine whales, sharks, coral reefs, and giant kelp forests. But the vast majority of life in the ocean is invisible. In a single teaspoon of seawater, there can be millions of microbes, including bacteria, archaea, and microscopic phytoplankton. These organisms may be tiny, but collectively they regulate oxygen production, drive nutrient cycling, and influence Earth’s climate system. In this episode of How to Protect the Ocean, we explore the hidden microbial world that powers the ocean. You will learn how ocean microbes control the chemistry of...

info_outline What Do House Cats Have to Do With Deep-Sea Mining? The Ocean Story Nobody Expects show art What Do House Cats Have to Do With Deep-Sea Mining? The Ocean Story Nobody Expects

How To Protect The Ocean

Deep sea mining and domesticated cats do not seem like they belong in the same story… but they are. In this episode of the How to Protect the Ocean Podcast, Andrew Lewin sits down with deep-sea ecologist Dr. Andrew Thaler to explore one of the most unexpected stories in ocean science. What starts with mining minerals from the deep ocean quickly turns into a journey through ancient trade routes, maritime history, and the surprising role the ocean may have played in how cats became one of humanity’s closest animal companions. Dr. Thaler shares a fascinating narrative that connects...

info_outline We Know How to Protect the Ocean. So Why Aren’t We Doing It? show art We Know How to Protect the Ocean. So Why Aren’t We Doing It?

How To Protect The Ocean

We Know How to Protect the Ocean. So Why Aren’t We Doing It? We do not have an ocean knowledge problem. We have an implementation problem. The science behind fisheries recovery, pollution control, climate adaptation, and high seas governance is strong and repeatedly confirmed. When fishing pressure is reduced, stocks rebuild. When nutrient runoff is controlled, water quality improves. When ecosystems like mangroves and seagrass are restored, coastlines stabilize. The evidence is not unclear. The results are predictable. So why do strong ocean policies succeed in some regions and collapse in...

info_outline The Ocean Just Got a Historic Deal. Will It Actually Protect Your Future? show art The Ocean Just Got a Historic Deal. Will It Actually Protect Your Future?

How To Protect The Ocean

High Seas Treaty: Nearly half the planet lies beyond national borders, and for decades it has operated under fragmented rules and weak oversight. Now, countries have agreed to a historic global deal to protect biodiversity in international waters. It sounds like a turning point. But a signed agreement does not automatically stop illegal fishing, deep sea extraction, or weak enforcement. The real question is whether this treaty will move protection from paper to practice. BBNJ Agreement: The new treaty under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea creates a legal pathway to...

info_outline The Ocean Is Visible Now, What Happens Next Is Up to Us show art The Ocean Is Visible Now, What Happens Next Is Up to Us

How To Protect The Ocean

The ocean is no longer invisible. Satellites can now track fishing vessels across the planet in near real time. So if we can see the exploitation, what happens next? In this episode of How to Protect the Ocean, we break down how satellite monitoring, AIS tracking, radar systems, and machine learning have fundamentally changed ocean enforcement. Industrial fishing now covers more than half of the ocean’s surface. Some vessels turn off their tracking systems near marine protected areas. Others cluster just outside boundaries in a practice known as “fishing the line.” But here is the shift:...

info_outline The Ocean Is “Protected.” So Why Is Illegal Fishing Still Happening? show art The Ocean Is “Protected.” So Why Is Illegal Fishing Still Happening?

How To Protect The Ocean

Marine protected areas now cover more than 8 percent of the global ocean. Governments announce new boundaries. Press releases celebrate historic milestones. But here is the uncomfortable truth: a line on a map does not stop illegal fishing. In this episode, we break down why enforcement, not designation, is the real driver of ocean recovery, and why many so called protected areas still struggle with noncompliance. Enforcement capacity, staffing levels, and stable funding predict ecological success better than size alone. Drawing on findings from Gill et al. 2017 in Nature, we examine how...

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More Episodes

Should bull sharks be culled? Shark bites spark fear, outrage, and calls for action, but the real question is whether killing sharks actually makes people safer. In this episode, we unpack why bull shark incidents happen, what science tells us about risk, and why quick emotional reactions can lead to decisions that do more harm than good.

Bull shark attacks are tragic and serious, but one surprising insight from this episode is that bull sharks often bite because they cannot clearly see what is in front of them. Murky water, river runoff, and warm summer conditions dramatically increase confusion for these sharks, making humans more vulnerable without the sharks intending to target people.

Living with sharks means accepting that the ocean is not a controlled environment. The emotional moment in this episode comes from recognizing that fear-driven solutions like culling may feel satisfying, but they do not reduce risk and can damage ecosystems that keep oceans healthy and predictable for everyone.

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