What Did “Weird” Mean to Shakespeare? The Strange History of Macbeth’s Weird Sisters
Release Date: 01/12/2026
Homelessness and Vagrancy in Shakespeare's England
That Shakespeare Life
For the 16th century, a vagrant was someone who operated outside of societal norms, someone who moved around without a fixed home, or produced a profit without the oversight of a noble patron. In a culture that highly prized both hierarchy and organization, someone who fell outside these categories was cast under severe scrutiny, seen as a potential threat, and faced harsh punishments specifically aimed at preventing vagrancy. During Shakespeare’s lifetime, new laws were being passed to aggressively define and control the vagrant, casting a net that often saw players and playwrights like...
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Starlings in Shakespeare's England
That Shakespeare Life
In Shakespeare’s Henry IV, Part 1, Hotspur delivers a chilling threat against King Richard: “I’ll have a starling shall be taught to speak Nothing but ‘Mortimer,’ and give it him To keep his anger still in motion.” It’s a line rooted in the politics of kingship and rebellion—but it also hinges on something strikingly practical. The idea of teaching a starling to speak wasn’t poetic fancy. It was entirely possible. In fact, it was happening in Shakespeare’s lifetime. This week, we’re stepping beyond the metaphor to explore the real bird behind...
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Seige of Famagusta and Shakespeare's Othello
That Shakespeare Life
In Shakespeare’s Othello, the Second Senator in Act One warns of a Turkish fleet bearing down on Cyprus. Later in that same scene, the Duke of Venice remarks, “The Turk with a most mighty preparation makes for Cyprus. Othello, the fortitude of the place is best known to you.” References to Cyprus appear again and again throughout the dialogue—calling attention to wars, naval battles, and the conflicts surrounding the island, including, as Iago puts it, the struggle between “grounds Christian and heathen.” Shakespeare places Othello in Cyprus at a moment of extreme tension. In the...
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Courts, Rackets, Balls, and Rules: The Game of Tennis in the 16th Century
That Shakespeare Life
In Shakespeare’s plays, we see 6 total references to tennis. Polonius mentions an argument over a tennis game in Hamlet. Henry V and Pericles talk about tennis courts and there’s even a couple of references to “tennis balls” showing up in Shakespeare’s other plays, talking about them being played with at the game of tennis, as well as being stuffed as part of the process of making a tennis ball. We can tell that Shakespeare and his contemporaries knew about the game of tennis, but where did it come from? How was it played? Do we know anything about these tennis courts they used? To...
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Easter in Shakespeare’s England: Faith, Feasting, and a New Doublet
That Shakespeare Life
Shakespeare’s only reference to Easter comes up in Romeo and Juliet Act III when Mercutio talks about buying a new doublet for Easter. Despite only a single reference to this holiday, for the people of 16-17th century England, Easter was a major event. Holidays in Shakespeare’s lifetime largely followed the life of Jesus Christ, and the resurrection of Jesus that is celebrated on Easter Sunday was a high point of the year’s festivities. Here today to share with us the customs, foods, and yes, the clothing like a new doublet, that would have been staples for the observance...
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Monkeys and Apes in Shakespeare's England
That Shakespeare Life
In this episode of That Shakespeare Life, we explore the surprising presence of monkeys, apes, and baboons in early modern England and the role these animals played in the culture of Shakespeare’s world. Shakespeare refers to primates dozens of times in his plays, and those references were not purely imaginative—exotic animals were arriving in England through global trade, kept as fashionable pets by elites, and even trained to perform tricks for public entertainment. By examining travel narratives, natural history books like Edward Topsell’s The History of Four-Footed Beasts, and...
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Children’s Toys and Games in Tudor England:
That Shakespeare Life
What toys did children play with in Shakespeare’s lifetime? In this episode, historian Dr. Julia Martins joins That Shakespeare Life to explore the games, dolls, rattles, hobby horses, and playground activities that shaped childhood in Tudor England—and how these playful details appear in Shakespeare’s world.
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How HIstorians Know Shakespeare is Shakespeare
That Shakespeare Life
Joined this week by historian Susan D. Amussen, we take a close look at the historical evidence that confirms William Shakespeare as a real working playwright and actor in early modern England. Drawing from Susan’s book What’s in a Name?, we explore the documentary records—from theater company memberships and tax records to property purchases—that trace Shakespeare’s life from Stratford-upon-Avon to London’s vibrant theatrical world. We also compare the surviving evidence for Shakespeare with what we know about other playwrights like Christopher Marlowe, and discuss how historians...
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Ides of March in Renaissance England
That Shakespeare Life
In this episode, we explore what the “Ides” actually meant in ancient Rome and how March 15th transformed from an ordinary—sometimes even festive—date on the Roman calendar into one of history’s most infamous days. Jörg Rüpke explains how Romans understood their calendar, what rituals or superstitions may (or may not) have surrounded the Ides, and how news of Caesar’s assassination would have spread through the city. We also examine the differences between ancient historical sources and Shakespeare’s dramatic choices, from Calpurnia’s ominous warnings to the political and...
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Three Hours Too Soon: How Shakespeare Kept Time
That Shakespeare Life
In this episode, we explore how time was measured in Shakespeare’s England — from weight-driven household clocks to elite pocket watches imported from Germany. With Dr. Jane Desborough, we uncover how early modern clocks tracked not only hours but lunar phases, zodiac signs, and seasons, and why “accuracy” meant something very different before minute and second hands became standard.
info_outlineWhen Shakespeare called the sisters in Macbeth “weird,” he did not mean what we mean by the word today. In early modern England, “weird” carried deep associations with fate, prophecy, and supernatural power—ideas rooted in classical mythology, medieval folklore, and Renaissance belief.
In this episode of That Shakespeare Life, we explore what “weird” really meant in the 16th and early 17th centuries, and how that meaning reshapes our understanding of one of Shakespeare’s most famous groups of characters. Joining me are Dr. Anne-Maree Wicks and Professor Laurie Johnson, co-authors of Weird Shakespeare: The Weird Sisters and Macbeth, whose research traces the shifting language, textual history, and performance traditions surrounding Macbeth’s enigmatic sisters.
Together, we examine why Shakespeare never actually uses the phrase “weird sisters” in the play itself, how early spellings like weyward complicate modern interpretations, and when editors began standardizing the word as “weird.” We also explore whether these figures may originally have been understood as fairies or nymphs rather than witches—and how later historical events, including witch trials and changing beliefs about the supernatural, shaped how audiences came to see them.
This conversation invites us to step back into Shakespeare’s world, where language was fluid, meanings were unstable, and the boundary between fate, folklore, and fear was anything but clear.