What is in our Vitamins? Featuring Avenleigh (5 yo)
The Pharmacist Answers Podcast
Avenleigh wants to know what is in our vitamins and why do we take them, so she asks the pharmacist!
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Episode 117 - Voice Troubles
The Pharmacist Answers Podcast
Laryngitis, known as inflammation of the larynx, is the most common cause of hoarseness and voice loss. It is very common in viral infections, such as a cold, flu, or adenovirus. Acute laryngitis is caused by an illness, while chronic laryngitis may be a secondary symptom of another problem.
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Episode 116 - Voice
The Pharmacist Answers Podcast
Notes coming soon!
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Episode 115 - Gag Reflex
The Pharmacist Answers Podcast
The gag reflex, as well as other pharyngeal reflexes, protect you from choking and ingesting improper things. If it does not follow the proper swallowing procedure, rarely does it get permission to enter.
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Episode 114 - Bad Breath
The Pharmacist Answers Podcast
Halitosis, aka bad breath, can have many causes. Some bad breath you can prevent with the choices you make, but some bad breath can be a sign of a more serious issue or disease.
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Episode 113 - Dysphagia
The Pharmacist Answers Podcast
While dysphagia can be very uncomfortable and lead to some unwanted side effects, the biggest concern is with the risk of aspiration, or breathing food or drink into the lungs, that leads to pneumonia.
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Episode 112 - Swallowing
The Pharmacist Answers Podcast
You never think to swallow until you start talking about swallowing. The voluntary swallowing process must be initiated before the involuntary swallowing reflexes take over. This includes when you go to the dentist and while you are sleeping!
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Episode 111 - Tonsillectomy
The Pharmacist Answers Podcast
The what, why, and how of a tonsillectomy. While a tonsillectomy is a frequent surgery for kids and adults, it is still surgery and requires preparation and care before during and after.
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Episode 110 - Tonsils
The Pharmacist Answers Podcast
Your tonsils are in the back of your throat. You can see them, you can feel them. They help protect you but can be a big pain while they do it.
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Episode 109 - Metallic Taste
The Pharmacist Answers Podcast
Over 250 medications can causes changes in taste. A metallic taste is the most common. Some are secreted in the saliva, others disrupt receptors or signals.
info_outlineTongue Basics
Your tongue is made up of eight muscles. This is why it is called a muscular organ. It is the most important articulator in speech production. (A brief word dissection: articulate means to communicate something clearly. In medicine, articulate means to make a connection. It all makes sense!)
The tip is called the apex. The crease down the middle is called the median lingual sulcus. There is another crease at the back of your tongue and it is called the sulcus terminalis.
Tongue Muscles
The tongue has two types of muscles. Extrinsic muscles attach to bones boarding the mouth. Intrinsic muscles are completely contained inside the tongue borders.
Extrinsic Muscles
These muscles are responsible for moving your tongue front to back and side to side. There are four of them and they are named for the facial bones that they are anchored to.
- The genioglossus muscle moves it forward so you can stick it out of your mouth.
- The Hyoglossus muscle pulls it back and presses it down.
- The Styloglossus muscle raises the sides of it during swallowing.
- The Palatoglossus muscle raises the back of it during swallowing. It also presses the soft palate down and squeezes the palatoglossal arch inward during that same step of swallowing.
Intrinsic Muscles
These muscles are responsible for all the shapes and movements your tongue makes when you talk and eat.
- The superior longitudinal muscle covers the top side.
- The inferior longitudinal muscle covers the bottom side.
- The vertical muscle fibers are in the middle and connect the superior to the inferior muscles.
- The transverse muscle fibers start at the median sulcus and connect to the outer edges.
The Tongue Has Skin?!
The surface of your tongue is known as the masticatory mucosa, which basically means it's the surface that food comes in contact with. The surface is made up of epithelial cells just like your skin. The cells are keratinized (or filled with a toughening protein) so it is tough and does not get damaged by the wide variety of things we eat.
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