Lifetime risk of dementia after age 55 is double previous estimates - White House and Illegal Drug Use by Musk and Trump. Alzheimer and Dirty Electricity. What is the connection? Tests on RATS confirm how we are getting Alzheimers, no HUMAN studies

A man does not sin by commisson only - but often by omission. - Marcus Aurelius

 

Music:   Baha Men - Who Let The Dogs Out (Lyrics) (youtube.com) 

 

Do you have a psychopath in your life?  The best way to find out is read my book.  BOOK *FREE* Download – Psychopath In Your Life4 

Support is Appreciated:    Support the Show – Psychopath In Your Life 

 

You need to turn your phone's Face ID and thumbprint lock off ASAP. (youtube.com)

Incidence of Dementia over Three Decades in the Framingham Heart Study | New England Journal of Medicine (nejm.org)

Want Better Health and Status? For $250,000, Longevity Clinics Promise Both - WSJ 

Peter Thiel's Antiaging Routine As a 56-Year-Old Billionaire - Business Insider 

Amid all the warnings about a ‘dementia tsunami’, here are the things you should know | Devi Sridhar | The Guardian 

H.R.372 - 119th Congress (2025-2026): Drug Testing for Welfare Recipients Act | Congress.gov | Library of Congress 

The risk of dementia is much higher than experts thought - MarketWatch 

Odds of Alzheimer's diagnoses vary by region (axios.com) 

As baby boomers turn 80, there aren’t enough doctors to treat ‘emergency levels’ of dementia patients<!-- --> - MarketWatch 

Expected and diagnosed rates of mild cognitive impairment and dementia in the U.S. Medicare population: observational analysis | Alzheimer's Research & Therapy | Full Text (biomedcentral.com) 

Dementia and disadvantage in the USA and England: population-based comparative study - PMC (nih.gov)

 

NEW:  Psychopath In Your Life Iraq Plutonium and DNA destruction – Psychopath In Your Life  

My file on how hormones work.  https://psychopathinyourlife.com/CRD/     

The Stolen Children Project – Psychopath In Your Life     

Timeline and History of Ruling Class – Psychopath In Your Life    

WHO are the Royal Monsters running the World? – Psychopath In Your Life    

Timeline of Eugenics “Natural” Disasters – Psychopath In Your Life          

Psychopath In Your Life – Dianne Emerson – YouTube  

Tune in: Podcast Links – Psychopath In Your Life   

BOOK *FREE* Download – Psychopath In Your Life 

TOP PODS – Psychopath In Your Life  

Google Maps    My HOME Address:  309 E. Klug Avenue, Norfolk, NE  68701   SMART Meters & Timelines – Psychopath In Your Life       

 

   

Several key animal and laboratory studies showing that EMF exposure can disrupt the blood-brain barrier (BBB)—potentially enabling harmful substances like beta-amyloid to enter the brain.

• Salford et al. and Follow-up (1994, 2008)  

Study: Rats exposed to 915 MHz microwaves (continuous and pulsed) for 2 hours.  

Finding: Leakage of albumin into brain tissue—a clear sign of BBB disruption   

Result: 56 of 184 exposed rats showed albumin leakage versus 5 of 62 controls  

• Rahman et al. (2008)  

Study: Male and female Wistar rats exposed to 0.9 and 1.8 GHz RF (20 minutes, under anesthesia).  

Finding: Only male rats showed significant albumin (BBB) leakage—no effect in females.  

• Eberhardt et al. (2007)  

Study: GSM-900 (mobile phone) radiation exposure.  

Finding: Persistent albumin extravasation—both immediately and 7 days after a 2-hour exposure. Effects seen even at low power (0.12 mW/kg). 

• Electromagnetic Pulse (EMP) Study  

Study: Sprague–Dawley rats exposed to 100–10,000 pulses of EMP (50 kV/m, 100 Hz).   

Finding: Led to cognitive impairment, oxidative stress, and increased beta-amyloid formation. 

Ultra-Wide-Band Pulses (2020)  

• Study: Rats exposed to broad-spectrum EM pulses.  

Finding: Increased BBB permeability noted—tight-junction protein expression and other markers were altered. 

• Review of RF EMF Effects on BBB (2010)  

Finding: BBB permeability increases only when tissue heating >1 °C; evidence for non-thermal RF effects remains inconclusive or mixed. 

Connection to Beta-Amyloid & Alzheimer's  

EMP exposure not only disrupts the BBB but also elevates amyloid‑β precursor and oligomer proteins.  

Once BBB integrity is compromised, beta‑amyloid—central to Alzheimer's pathology—may more easily accumulate in brain tissue. 

 

Study	Exposure	Effect on BBB	Amyloid/Biomarkers
Salford et al.	915 MHz, 2h	Albumin leakage	N/A
Rahman et al.	0.9/1.8 GHz, 20min	Male rats only albumin	N/A
Eberhardt et al.	GSM-900, 2h	Albumin leakage up to 7 days	N/A
EMP pulses	50 kV/m pulses	Cognitive decline, oxidative stress	↑ Aβ protein
UWB pulses	Ultra-wide EM pulses	Increased permeability, protein changes	N/A
2010 review	RF field overview	Thermal BBB breakage possible; non-thermal is unclear

  

• Animal models strongly suggest BBB disruption occurs with certain EMF exposures, particularly at cellular phone frequencies and electromagnetic pulses. 

• This disruption may enable beta-amyloid infiltration and accumulation, a known factor in Alzheimer’s disease pathology. 

• However, BBB effects from low-intensity or daily-life EMFs (non-thermal) remain less certain and disputed. 

Does Dirty Electricity Contribute to Alzheimer’s? 

Possible Biological Mechanisms (Proposed in Studies): 

• BBB Disrupted Repeated EMF exposure—especially in higher or pulsed frequencies—has been shown in animal studies to compromise the blood-brain barrier (BBB). 
• This could allow beta-amyloid, toxins, and inflammatory agents to enter the brain. 
• Oxidative Stress & Neuroinflammation: 
• Studies on both EMFs and dirty electricity suggest they can generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) in brain tissue, contributing to neurodegeneration. 
• Circadian Disruption & Melatonin Suppression: 
• EMFs, including those from smart meters, may interfere with melatonin—an important antioxidant that protects neurons and regulates sleep. 
• Electrohypersensitivity (EHS) 
• Though controversial, some individuals report memory loss, confusion, and brain fog in proximity to smart meters or high-DE environments. These symptoms are consistent with cognitive decline markers. 

Do Countries with Smart Meters Show More Dementia? 

Not Conclusively Proven, but correlations are being observed: 

• High smart meter and Wi-Fi saturation countries (USA, UK, parts of Europe, Australia) also report rising early-onset dementia. 
• But these same countries also have: 
• Older populations 
• More screening 
• Better reporting systems 

So while correlation exists, causation hasn't been proven. 

Example Comparison (Approximate): 

Country	Smart Meter Rollout	Dirty Electricity Concerns	Alzheimer’s Prevalence (65+)
USA	~80% of homes	High; solar, Wi-Fi, smart tech	~11% (CDC, 2023)
UK	>50% rollout	Similar issues	~7.1% (Alzheimer’s Society)
Japan	Extensive rollout	High population density EMF	~7.3%
India	Low rollout	Lower DE, but more pollution	~1.5–2% (underreported)
Rural Africa	Minimal tech	Low EMF	<1% (est.)

 

What Is Still Needed 

• Longitudinal studies directly comparing high-smart-meter/DE regions to controls. 
• Controlled human or animal studies using simulated DE conditions.
• Research on cumulative lifetime exposure to DE and early-onset Alzheimer’s (<65). 

Bottom Line 

• The biological mechanisms for a link exist and are plausible.
• Dirty electricity and smart meter EMFs could plausibly exacerbate Alzheimer’s risks, especially in vulnerable populations. 
• But direct proof is lacking—this is a field that urgently needs independent epidemiological and toxicological studies.

Age-Specific Incidence and Prevalence Are Declining

A U.S. study conducted from 2000 to 2016 found that the prevalence of dementia dropped from 11.5% to 7.7%, indicating an approximate annual decline of 3%. During the same period, the incidence rate decreased from around 5% to 3.8%, representing a roughly 2% annual decline.

The Framingham Heart Study, which spanned from the 1970s to the 2010s, reported a 44% reduction in five-year dementia incidence. This decline was especially notable among individuals who had completed at least a high school education.

Across North America and Europe, between 1988 and 2015, dementia incidence declined by approximately 13% per decade.

Total Dementia Cases Are Rising Rapidly

Even though age-specific rates are falling, the overall number of dementia cases continues to rise due to the aging population in the United States. In 2020, approximately 7 million Americans aged 65 and older were living with dementia. This number is projected to exceed 9 million by 2030 and approach 12 million by 2040.

In 2018, Alzheimer’s disease alone affected about 5.7 million people. Forecasts suggest that this figure will rise to 7.1 million by 2025 and nearly 13.8 million by 2050.

Mortality Rates and Death Certificates

Dementia-related mortality has increased significantly over the past two decades. The number of deaths associated with dementia tripled from approximately 150,000 in 1999 to over 450,000 in 2020.

This rise in reported dementia deaths is partly attributed to improved diagnosis and more accurate reporting on death certificates. 

 Why This Paradox? 

Factor	Impact
Better Education & Vascular Care	Reduced risk per individual; lower incidence
Health Improvements	Fewer vascular events; decline in smoking
Population Aging	Largest driver of absolute increases in dementia cases
Reporting & Diagnosis	More cases being recognized and recorded due to improved practices

Projections and Future Risk

Data recent lifetime risk of dementia after age 55 in the U.S. is now estimated at 42%, an increase from previous estimates. Projections also indicate that annual new dementia cases are expected to double, rising from approximately 514,000 cases in 2020 to nearly 1 million cases by 2060. Despite the alarming increase in total case numbers, age-specific incidence rates of dementia continue to decline, signaling a positive trend in individual risk reduction.

On an individual level, fewer older adults are developing dementia today compared to two decades ago. This progress is largely attributed to improvements in education, healthcare, and lifestyle factors such as better vascular health and reduced smoking.

However, due to the aging population and enhanced detection methods, the absolute number of people living with dementia continues to grow. Even if individual risk remains on a downward trend, the U.S. and other aging societies should expect millions more dementia cases in the coming decades.

International Comparison

Prevalence and Incidence Rates

Dementia prevalence among individuals aged 65 and older is notably higher in the United States at approximately 11.2%, compared to about 9.7% in England, according to recent data.

Across OECD countries, 2021 figures indicate an average dementia prevalence of roughly 15 per 1,000 people, or 1.5% of the general population. This rate varies depending on each nation’s age structure and healthcare infrastructure.

Regional and National Differences

High-Income Asia

Japan currently holds the highest dementia prevalence among high-income countries, with about 3,079 cases per 100,000 people (roughly 3.08%). This was highlighted in a recent report examining neurological disease trends in East Asia.

In China, the prevalence is significantly lower—around 924 per 100,000 (0.92%)—but the sheer size of the elderly population contributes to a substantial national health burden. Countries such as India and Brazil are also seeing a notable rise in dementia cases due to their shifting demographics.

Europe

In Western Europe, dementia rates among seniors range from 1.8% to 3.1%, based on findings from a study examining multiple European populations. Specifically, countries like Sweden, Italy, and Germany report rates between 1.86% and 1.96% among older adults.

Trends Over Time

Between 1988 and 2015, the incidence of dementia—measured as new age-adjusted cases per year—declined by about 13% per decade in both the U.S. and Europe. Furthermore, recent trends show that younger generations in countries such as the U.S., U.K., and across Europe are developing dementia later in life compared to earlier cohorts. This reflects improvements in preventive health measures and overall well-being.

Overall Context and Implications

The absolute number of dementia cases is highest in regions with aging populations. For example, in North America, approximately 5.1 million individuals aged 60 and older were living with dementia in 2020, with projections reaching 9.2 million by 2040. Although age-specific dementia rates are lower in populations with better education, healthcare, and lifestyle behaviors, the overall case numbers continue to rise due to demographic aging.

In the United States, socioeconomic disparities further complicate the picture. Lower-income groups experience significantly higher dementia prevalence compared to wealthier groups. This inequality is more pronounced than in countries like England, where stronger social support systems help mitigate risk.

Key Takeaways

The United States currently has similar or slightly higher age-related dementia rates compared to other developed countries. While individual risk is decreasing—thanks to advances in public health and preventive care—the total number of dementia cases continues to increase due to an aging population. Japan currently leads in per-capita dementia prevalence, while other high-income regions, including parts of Europe and North America, closely follow.

Importantly, economic inequality in the U.S. appears to magnify dementia risk, especially when compared to countries with more robust social welfare systems like the U.K.

Prevalence in High-Income Countries (per 1,000 population, all ages) 

Based on OECD and IHME data (2021): 

Dementia Prevalence by Country/Region

Country / Region	Prevalence per 1,000	% of Population
Japan	~30.8	3.08 %
Italy	~22.7	2.27 %
Germany	~18.6	1.86 %
USA	~15.0*	1.50 %
UK	~14.0*	1.40 %
Canada	~15.6	1.56 %
Australia	~13.2	1.32 %

U.K. and U.S. rates are comparable, with the U.K. slightly lower. Australia also sits below these averages.

Incidence Trends Over Time (Age-Adjusted)

Between 1988 and 2015, both the United States and Europe experienced a 13% decline per decade in age-standardized dementia incidence. A 2025 study across the U.S., U.K., and Europe further confirms that younger generations show lower dementia prevalence at similar ages compared to older cohorts. Global studies reinforce this trend, indicating that age-adjusted dementia rates are declining worldwide, even as the total number of cases rises due to population aging.

Total Cases and Projections

According to 2021 data from the OECD, there were approximately 21 million people living with dementia across member countries. This number is projected to increase to around 32 million by 2040. In the United States, about 5 million people are currently living with Alzheimer’s disease, and the trajectory is expected to mirror trends seen in other high-income nations. Globally, the dementia burden has more than doubled—from 20 million in 1990 to 52 million in 2019—with high-income regions continuing to account for the majority of cases.

Key Takeaways

The United States’ age-adjusted dementia rates are comparable to, or slightly higher than, those in peer countries such as the United Kingdom, Canada, and Australia, though still below levels reported in Japan and Italy. Across high-income countries, the individual risk of developing dementia is declining, largely due to improved education, cardiovascular health, and healthier lifestyles.

However, the total number of dementia cases continues to increase, primarily driven by demographic aging and longer life expectancies. In the U.S., these trends are complicated by stark socioeconomic disparities. Dementia rates are significantly higher among lower-income and underserved populations, with the gap being wider than in countries with stronger social support systems.

Insights

The United States faces a substantial dementia burden, on par with other aging and affluent societies. The good news is that individual risk is on the decline. However, the public health challenge remains significant due to the growing number of older adults. Additional efforts focusing on health equity and prevention could help narrow the disparity gap seen in the U.S.

Global Snapshot

As of 2020, approximately 55 million people around the world were living with dementia. Over 60% of these individuals were in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), a figure that is projected to rise to 70% by 2050. Globally, about 10 million new dementia cases occur each year—equating to roughly one new case every three seconds.

Prevalence in LMICs vs. High-Income Countries (HICs)

In 2019, the prevalence of dementia among adults aged 65 and older was estimated at about 9% in high-income countries and 5% in low-income countries. While the prevalence in LMICs is currently lower, it is rising quickly with aging populations.

Importantly, studies using culturally sensitive diagnostic methods—such as the 10/66 criteria—suggest that actual dementia rates in LMICs may be 1.5 to 2.5 times higher than standard DSM-based estimates.

Trends in LMICs

In Latin America, dementia prevalence increased significantly between 2003 and 2019. In Mexico, for example, rates rose from 8.3% to 17.1%. Peru experienced a rise from 9.2% to 16.8%, and similar trends were observed in the Dominican Republic. In Sub-Saharan Africa, reported dementia prevalence varies widely, ranging from 2.3% to 10.1%, largely due to inconsistencies in diagnostic practices.

Awareness, Stigma, and Care Challenges

In many communities within LMICs, dementia is not widely recognized as a medical condition, which leads to social stigma. In Nigeria, for example, dementia is sometimes misinterpreted as witchcraft. Underdiagnosis is a major issue, with up to 90% of dementia cases in LMICs going undiagnosed.

The care infrastructure in these regions is also severely limited. Only eight countries globally have adopted national dementia plans, and most of them are high-income nations. The economic burden in LMICs is further compounded by the fact that informal caregiving accounts for about 65% of dementia-related costs, compared to more institutional and social support services in wealthier countries.

Projections for Developing Countries

Dementia cases in low- and middle-income countries are expected to nearly triple by 2050, particularly in regions such as Asia and Latin America. Without significant investments in early detection, prevention, and care infrastructure, these areas will face an overwhelming increase in prevalence and associated needs.

Prevalence in Ages 65+ (HRS/ADAMS Cohorts & RAND Analysis) 

Year	Prevalence (%)
2000	11.6 %
2004	~11.1 % (gradual decline)
2008	~10.3 %
2012	8.8 %
2016	7.7 %

 

• From 2000 to 2012: ~2.8 percentage-point drop (11.6 % → 8.8 %) 
• From 2000 to 2016: ~3.9 percentage-point drop (11.6 % → 7.7 %)   

Incidence in Ages 65+ (Based on HRS Data)

Between 2000 and 2002, the annual dementia incidence rate among U.S. adults aged 65 and older was approximately 5.0%. By the 2014–2016 period, that rate had declined to around 3.8%, marking a total decrease of about 24%. This represents an average annual decline of roughly 2%.

Summary of Trends

From 2000 to 2016, dementia prevalence declined by about 3 percentage points, or roughly 30%. Similarly, incidence dropped by approximately 24% over the same period. These downward trends suggest improvements in public health—particularly in healthcare access, education, and lifestyle behaviors. Notably, these gains occurred despite the increasing prevalence of conditions like hypertension, obesity, and diabetes.

Total Number of Cases Still Rising

Although the percentage of older adults with dementia may be stabilizing or slightly declining in some regions, the total number of cases continues to rise significantly due to an aging population. In 2020, approximately 7 million Americans aged 65 and older were living with dementia, according to projections published in The Lancet, the Population Reference Bureau (PRB), and AP News.

Looking ahead, the total is projected to exceed 9 million by 2030 and reach around 12 million by 2040, as outlined in long-range demographic models from PRB.

Focusing on Alzheimer’s disease specifically, the number of cases is expected to increase from 6.07 million in 2020 to approximately 7.16 million by 2025, based on forecasts published in the Alzheimer's Association journal.

What This Reveals

The data demonstrates two important realities. First, individual risk is decreasing—fewer older adults are developing dementia each year. Second, the population impact is increasing, simply because there are more older adults overall. While public health improvements have clearly reduced per-person risk, the demand for dementia care and support services is intensifying as absolute case numbers grow.

Closing Thoughts

Between 2000 and 2016, there was steady and measurable progress in reducing both dementia prevalence and incidence among older adults in the United States. Nevertheless, the total number of dementia cases continues to climb due to population aging. This dual trend—lower risk per person but more people affected overall—is at the core of the dementia burden today.

Studies such as the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) and the Framingham Heart Study consistently show that fewer people aged 65 and older are developing dementia each year. Age-adjusted rates for both prevalence and incidence have declined by approximately 24–30% during the early 2000s to mid-2010s period.

Why Are Dementia Rates Declining Per Person?

Several contributing factors have likely driven the downward trend in age-specific dementia rates:

• Higher levels of education across generations
• Improved heart health, including better hypertension management and reduced smoking
• Possible increases in brain health and cognitive reserve

These factors reflect a broader pattern of public health advancement, especially in higher-income countries.

Total Dementia Cases Are Increasing Rapidly

While individual risk has decreased, the aging of the U.S. population has led to a sharp rise in total dementia cases. In 2000, approximately 35 million Americans were aged 65 and older. By 2024, that number had grown to roughly 62 million. Even with a lower dementia rate per 100 people, the dramatic increase in the size of the elderly population results in a higher absolute number of dementia cases.

To illustrate, about 7 million Americans had dementia in 2020. Projections indicate this number will exceed 9 million by 2030 and reach more than 12 million by 2040. Furthermore, deaths from Alzheimer’s disease have tripled from 1999 to 2020—a trend partly driven by aging and partly by improved diagnostic recognition.

Understanding “Higher Than Expected” Headlines

Media headlines stating that “dementia risk is higher than previously thought” or warning of a “dementia tsunami” often refer to newer, more comprehensive estimates. For example, recent research suggests that the lifetime risk of developing dementia after age 55 may be as high as 42%, significantly more than older projections.

In addition, some studies indicate earlier onset in specific groups, including military veterans, individuals with traumatic brain injuries, and certain racial and ethnic populations. New research also points to emerging risk factors, such as obesity, air pollution, PTSD, and diabetes—all of which are becoming more prevalent and may contribute to higher dementia risk in the future.

 Understanding Dementia Trends

Statement	True?	Meaning
“Dementia rates are declining”	Yes	On a per-person, age-adjusted basis, fewer people are getting it
“Dementia numbers are increasing”	Yes	The total population is older, so there are more total cases
“Risk is higher than expected”	Sometimes	New methods suggest more people over a lifetime may develop it than previously estimated

What Is “Dirty Electricity”?

“Dirty electricity” (DE) refers to high-frequency voltage transients (HFVTs) and electromagnetic interference (EMI) that travel along power lines. These disturbances are caused by devices such as smart meters, LED lights, dimmer switches, switching power supplies, and Wi-Fi routers. Dirty electricity represents a form of low-level, non-ionizing radiation, which is distinct from ionizing radiation like X-rays or gamma rays.

Alzheimer’s Disease

Alzheimer’s disease is a progressive and irreversible brain disorder that gradually destroys memory, thinking skills, and eventually the ability to perform simple tasks. It is the most common cause of dementia among older adults.

Medical Definition

Alzheimer’s is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the buildup of amyloid-beta plaques and tau tangles in the brain. These pathological changes lead to neuronal loss, brain atrophy, and a decline in cognitive functions.

Key Features

Early symptoms include memory loss, especially affecting short-term memory. As the disease progresses, individuals may experience disorientation and confusion about time and place, language difficulties such as trouble finding words, poor judgment, personality changes, and mood swings. In advanced stages, full-time care becomes necessary.

Biological Markers

The disease is marked by several biological indicators:

• Amyloid-beta plaques: Sticky protein clumps that accumulate between neurons.
• Tau tangles: Twisted strands found inside brain cells.
• Brain shrinkage (atrophy), especially in the hippocampus.
• Neuroinflammation and oxidative stress.

Diagnosis

There is no single definitive test for Alzheimer’s. Diagnosis typically involves a combination of medical history review, cognitive assessments, brain imaging techniques like MRI and PET scans, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis for biomarkers, and emerging blood tests for new biomarker indicators.

Stages of Alzheimer’s

• Preclinical: Brain changes start decades before symptoms appear.
• Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI): Subtle memory problems emerge.
• Mild Alzheimer’s: Noticeable memory loss and confusion begin.
• Moderate: Confusion worsens, and assistance with daily activities is needed.
• Severe: The individual loses the ability to communicate or care for themselves.

Alzheimer’s Disease vs. Dementia

While often used interchangeably, Alzheimer’s disease and dementia are not the same.

Dementia describes a general decline in cognitive abilities severe enough to interfere with daily life. It is not a specific disease but a syndrome, a group of symptoms affecting memory, reasoning, language, judgment, and behavior. There are many different causes of dementia, with Alzheimer’s being the most common.

Alzheimer’s: A Specific Disease Under the Dementia Umbrella 

Alzheimer’s disease is the most common cause of dementia, accounting for 60–80% of cases. 

So: 

• All Alzheimer’s is dementia 

• But not all dementia is Alzheimer’s 

Other Types of Dementia Include: 

Dementia Type	Key Characteristics
Alzheimer’s	Gradual memory loss, confusion, disorientation
Vascular dementia	Caused by strokes or reduced blood flow to the brain
Lewy body dementia	Hallucinations, Parkinson-like symptoms
Frontotemporal dementia	Personality and language changes before memory loss
Mixed dementia	A combination, often Alzheimer’s plus vascular dementia
Parkinson’s dementia	Develops in the later stages of Parkinson’s disease

Dementia vs. Alzheimer’s Disease

Feature	Dementia	Alzheimer’s
What it is	Symptom cluster (syndrome)	Specific brain disease
Causes	Many (including Alzheimer’s)	One specific cause
Reversible types?	Sometimes (e.g., from vitamin deficiency)	No (Alzheimer’s is irreversible)
Main effect	Cognitive decline	Progressive memory loss and co

Is There a Link Between Dirty Electricity and Dementia?

Currently, there is no definitive scientific consensus within the mainstream medical community that directly links dirty electricity to Alzheimer's disease or dementia. However, some independent researchers and proponents of alternative health science suggest there may be connections worth exploring.

These researchers propose that prolonged exposure to certain electromagnetic frequencies (EMFs) could trigger brain inflammation. They also suggest that EMF exposure may lead to mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress, which could impair cognitive function over time. While some case studies and ecological research have noted a correlation between high-EMF environments and increased rates of dementia or other neurological disorders, these studies do not establish causation.

Studies of Interest

One study by Havas and Olstad (2008) observed that filtering dirty electricity in classrooms was associated with improvements in children’s behavior and cognitive performance. However, this study was small in scale and remains controversial within the scientific community.

The BioInitiative Report, compiled and updated between 2007 and 2020, presents a collection of research suggesting that low-level EMF exposure could be linked to neurological and other health effects. While widely cited by advocacy groups, this report is not peer-reviewed in the traditional academic sense.

In addition, studies conducted in countries such as Switzerland, Israel, and Iran have identified certain biological responses to EMF exposure—such as increased permeability of the blood-brain barrier—that could potentially contribute to cognitive issues over time.

What Do Mainstream Institutions Say?

Leading health organizations like the World Health Organization (WHO), the National Institutes of Health (NIH), and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) maintain that there is no conclusive evidence that low-level EMFs, including those from dirty electricity, are a cause of dementia.

The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) classifies electromagnetic fields as Group 2B carcinogens. This means they are considered “possibly carcinogenic to humans,” based on limited evidence. However, the IARC’s classification largely focuses on higher-frequency EMF exposures, such as those from mobile phones, rather than low-frequency transients from power lines and electrical devices.

Cognitive Effects and EMFs: A Broader Perspective

Although a direct link between EMF exposure and dementia is unproven, there are broader concerns about cognitive health. Some individuals report symptoms attributed to EMF hypersensitivity, such as memory problems, confusion, and headaches. These symptoms, while real to those experiencing them, are not officially recognized as being related to dementia.

Animal studies have also indicated that chronic EMF exposure might affect memory and hippocampal function, suggesting that further research could be warranted to understand potential long-term cognitive effects.

Evaluating Claims About Dirty Electricity and Dementia

Claim	Status
Dirty electricity might impair cognitive health	Theoretical / weak evidence
Dirty electricity causes Alzheimer’s or dementia	Not proven
Chronic EMF exposure increases oxidative stress or inflammation	Some support in lab and animal studies
Total dementia rates increasing is due to EMF exposure	Unproven correlation, not established causation

1. 900 MHz EMF Exposure in Adolescent Rats

Design: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to 900 MHz electromagnetic fields (a common cell phone frequency) for one hour per day throughout adolescence.

Findings: At 60 days, the exposed rats exhibited pyramidal neuron loss, increased oxidative stress (evidenced by elevated malondialdehyde and decreased catalase levels), and damage to the hippocampus. These outcomes suggest a potential impairment in memory formation.    

2. Extremely Low-Frequency EMF (ELF-EMF) and Spatial Memory in Adult Rats

Design: Adult rats were subjected to ELF-EMF ranging from 1 to 2000 µT for two hours daily over a period of 60 days.

Findings: The exposure altered behavioral patterns, particularly affecting spatial memory retention and anxiety responses. Additionally, there was a measurable increase in oxidative stress markers in the brain.

3. Chronic Exposure to 1,950 MHz RF-EMF in Mice

Design: C57BL/6 mice received exposure to 1,950 MHz radiofrequency EMF for two hours a day, five days a week, over eight months.

Findings: The mice demonstrated impairments in both spatial and recognition memory. There were also significant changes in hippocampal gene expression related to neurogenesis, indicating possible long-term cognitive effects.

4. 916 MHz EMF Exposure and Radial-Arm Maze Performance in Rats

Design: Rats were exposed to 916 MHz EMF for six hours a day, five days per week, over a 10-week period.

Findings: Around weeks four and five of the study, exposed rats completed maze tasks more slowly and with more errors. Abnormal firing patterns in hippocampal neurons were also observed. However, some level of adaptation was noted later in the exposure period.

5. EMF Exposure and Kindling Stress in Rats

Design: In a seizure-prone rat model using hippocampal kindling, rats were exposed to 100 Hz EMF for one hour daily over the course of a week.

Findings: Surprisingly, EMF exposure restored learning and memory functions in the kindled rats and helped normalize long-term potentiation (LTP) in the hippocampus. These results suggest that EMF effects may be context-dependent and potentially therapeutic in certain neurological states.

6. 5G-Band (~2.65 GHz) EMF Exposure in Mice

Design: Mice were exposed to simulated 5G electromagnetic fields at 2.65 GHz for four hours a day over 28 days.

Findings: Exposure led to anxiety-like behaviors and a decrease in hippocampal brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression, indicating stress-related neurological effects.

7. ELF-EMF Exposure in Alzheimer’s Model Rats

Design: Rats genetically modified to mimic Alzheimer’s disease were exposed to ELF-EMF at 50 Hz and 400 µT for 60 days.

Findings: The EMF exposure improved spatial memory performance and reduced pathological markers in the hippocampus. These findings suggest possible therapeutic potential of EMF in neurodegenerative models.

EMF Exposure Studies on Rodents

Study	Frequency / Exposure	Impact on Hippocampus / Memory
900 MHz in adolescent rats	Cell phone frequency, 1 hr/day	Increased oxidative stress, neuron loss
ELF-EMF in adult rats	1–2000 µT, 2 hrs/day	Altered anxiety levels, impaired memory retention, elevated oxidative markers
1,950 MHz in mice	2 hrs/day, 5 days/week, 8 months	Impaired spatial and recognition memory, changes in hippocampal gene expression
916 MHz in rats	6 hrs/day, 5 days/week, 10 weeks	Temporary decline in maze performance, abnormal neuron firing
100 Hz in kindling rats	1 hr/day for 1 week	Restored long-term potentiation (LTP) and memory after seizures
2.65 GHz (5G) in mice	4 hrs/day, 28 days	Increased anxiety-like behaviors, decreased hippocampal BDNF
50 Hz in Alzheimer’s rats	400 µT, 60 days	Improved memory, reduced hippocampal pathology

Interpretation of EMF Exposure Findings

Research on electromagnetic field (EMF) exposure in animal models shows mixed results. In healthy animals, particularly those exposed to radiofrequency EMFs (RF-EMF), there is evidence of hippocampal damage and cognitive decline. However, in certain diseased models—such as rodents with Alzheimer’s-like conditions—low-frequency EMF exposure has shown potential therapeutic effects, improving memory and brain function.

The biological mechanisms behind these effects include oxidative stress, neuronal damage, altered neuronal firing patterns, gene expression changes, and neuroinflammatory responses. Despite these findings, the relevance to human health remains uncertain due to key differences in species, exposure duration, intensity, and individual vulnerability.

Projected Growth in Alzheimer’s and Cognitive Impairment

By 2060, it is projected that nearly 14 million Americans aged 65 and older will have clinical Alzheimer’s disease. This represents an increase of over 128% compared to the 2020 estimate. Notably, the prevalence among Black and Hispanic older adults is expected to rise even faster, significantly shifting the demographic distribution of affected populations.

Prevalence of Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI)

The same projections show that in 2020, around 12.23 million Americans were living with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) of any type. By 2060, that number is expected to grow to approximately 21.55 million—a 76% increase.

When combining Alzheimer’s and MCI figures:

• In 2020: 6.07 million with Alzheimer’s plus 12.23 million with MCI, totaling approximately 18.3 million people.
• In 2060: 13.85 million with Alzheimer’s plus 21.55 million with MCI, totaling around 35.4 million people.

Lifetime Risk and Annual Case Projections

According to a 2025 analysis featured in Nature Medicine and reported by Scientific American, the estimated lifetime risk of developing dementia after age 55 is now around 42%. This marks a significant increase from older estimates that ranged between 11% and 23%.

Annual new cases of dementia are also on the rise:

• Around 514,000 new cases per year in 2020
• Projected to reach 1 million new cases annually by 2060

Historic Projections and Additional Models

Earlier modeling, such as the 1998–2011 American Journal of Public Health study, predicted that Alzheimer’s prevalence would nearly quadruple between 1997 and 2050, rising from 2.32 million to approximately 9–10 million. Current estimates from sources like the CDC and the Fisher Center align with projections of 13.8 to 14 million cases by 2050 to 2060.

Summary of Key Forecasts

• 2020: Approximately 6.1 million with Alzheimer’s; around 12.2 million with MCI
• 2025: Estimated 7.2 million with Alzheimer’s
• 2030: Projected 8.5 million with Alzheimer’s
• 2040–2060: Estimates range from 11 to 14 million with Alzheimer’s alone
• 2060: Over 13 million with Alzheimer’s plus 21.5 million with MCI, totaling more than 35 million affected individuals
• Annual New Cases: Increasing from around 500,000 per year to 1 million by 2060

Why These Numbers Matter

Even if individual age-specific risk remains stable or declines slightly due to improved healthcare and lifestyle factors, the aging of the population ensures that the absolute number of dementia cases will continue to rise. With nearly half of adults over the age of 55 facing a lifetime risk of developing dementia, the strain on healthcare systems, caregivers, and public health infrastructure is set to intensify.

Understanding these projections emphasizes the urgent need for enhanced prevention strategies, expanded care infrastructure, and targeted research into causes and treatments.

Hypothesized Mechanisms Linking EMFs / Dirty Electricity to Alzheimer's 

While there is no definitive clinical proof, researchers have proposed several biological mechanisms: 

1. Chronic Brain Inflammation

Exposure to electromagnetic fields (EMFs) has been shown to increase glial cell activation and elevate levels of neuroinflammatory cytokines in animal studies involving rats and mice. Chronic inflammation is widely recognized as a central feature of Alzheimer’s disease pathology, and ongoing neuroinflammation may accelerate neuronal damage and cognitive decline.

2. Blood-Brain Barrier (BBB) Disruption

Several EMF studies suggest that exposure can lead to a breakdown of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). This disruption may allow harmful substances, including toxins and proteins such as beta-amyloid, to enter the brain more freely.

The accumulation of beta-amyloid in brain tissue is a hallmark of Alzheimer’s disease and may be exacerbated by compromised BBB integrity.

3. Oxidative Stress and Mitochondrial Dysfunction

EMF exposure has also been linked to increased oxidative stress and damage to neuronal mitochondria. Mitochondria are essential for cellular energy production, and their dysfunction can impair brain function. Brains affected by Alzheimer’s disease consistently show elevated levels of oxidative stress, suggesting a possible connection between EMF-induced cellular damage and cognitive decline.

4. Melatonin Suppression

EMFs are known to reduce the body’s production of melatonin, a hormone primarily released during sleep. Melatonin plays several protective roles in the brain: it acts as a powerful antioxidant, supports neuronal health, and helps to clear beta-amyloid buildup. A deficiency in melatonin may therefore contribute to increased vulnerability to neurodegenerative processes.

5. Calcium Channel Disruption

Research indicates that EMFs may disrupt voltage-gated calcium channels (VGCCs), which are essential for proper neuronal signaling. When VGCCs are altered or overstimulated, it can lead to excessive calcium influx in neurons, triggering cell damage, oxidative stress, and ultimately memory loss. This disruption may represent another pathway through which EMFs contribute to neurodegeneration.

Studies That Support a Possible EMF–Brain Link

A number of independent studies suggest a potential association between electromagnetic field (EMF) exposure and adverse brain effects, though causality remains unconfirmed.

One foundational study by Salford et al. (2003) exposed rats to mobile phone radiation and observed leakage in the blood-brain barrier (BBB) as well as neuron damage in critical brain regions like the cortex and hippocampus. Havas (2006, 2013) found associations between “dirty electricity” and cognitive symptoms such as brain fog, headaches, and behavioral changes, particularly in school and home settings.

The BioInitiative Report (2007–2020), though not peer-reviewed in the conventional sense, compiled over 1,800 studies on EMF exposure, covering outcomes such as DNA damage, cognitive impairment, and neurodegeneration. In a related vein, Lai and Singh (1995–2004) documented increased DNA strand breaks in the brains of rats following RF (radiofrequency) radiation exposure.

Alzheimer’s and EMF: A Potential Correlation?

Though a definitive causal link between EMF exposure and Alzheimer’s disease has not been established, some ecological and epidemiological data suggest possible connections. For example, urban areas with high EMF densities have reported increased Alzheimer’s prevalence. Similarly, elevated dementia risks have been observed among military radar operators and radio technicians—occupations with high long-term EMF exposure.

In community-level reports, people living near high-voltage power lines, cell towers, and smart meters have reported more frequent cognitive complaints, though these are often anecdotal and lack rigorous scientific control.

What’s Missing in the Research?

Mainstream medical and scientific institutions remain cautious, emphasizing that current evidence is insufficient to prove causation between EMF exposure and dementia. However, the absence of proof does not equate to proof of absence.

A major limitation is that most research funding continues to focus on well-established Alzheimer’s models—such as amyloid plaque buildup, tau pathology, and genetic risk factors. In contrast, studies exploring EMF-related mechanisms are frequently underfunded, small in scale, and inconsistently replicated. This leaves a gap in our understanding that prevents stronger conclusions.

Dementia Care Crisis as Baby Boomers Age

As the oldest baby boomers turn 80 in 2025, the U.S. medical system is already facing what some experts describe as “emergency levels” of demand for dementia care. According to Elizabeth Edgerly, senior director of community programs and services at the Alzheimer’s Association, the gap between the number of patients needing care and the available services is growing alarmingly wide.

A recent Nature Medicine study puts the lifetime risk of developing dementia after age 55 at approximately 42%. Based on current trends, around one million new dementia cases are expected annually in the U.S. by 2060—nearly double the 514,000 new cases reported in 2020. Today, more than six million Americans are already living with Alzheimer’s disease.

One of the most pressing challenges is the severe shortage of neurologists. The Alzheimer’s Association recommends at least 10 neurologists per 10,000 dementia patients, but 20 U.S. states fall below this benchmark. These areas are considered “dementia neurology deserts,” leaving thousands without timely access to diagnosis and treatment.

Further exacerbating the crisis, an estimated 92% of patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) remain undiagnosed, according to a 2023 study. Edgerly warns that without immediate intervention, “the gulf between the ‘haves’ and the ‘have nots’ will only get worse.”

Federal Legislative Efforts

H.R. 372 – Drug Testing for Welfare Recipients Act (119th Congress, 2025–2026)
Introduced on January 13, 2025, by Representative David Rouzer (R-NC), H.R. 372 is a federal bill aimed at mandating drug testing for certain public assistance applicants. The legislation targets individuals applying for programs such as Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF), Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP), and public housing assistance.

The bill requires that applicants with a drug-related offense within the past five years undergo mandatory drug testing. Applicants without such a history must complete a substance abuse screening. If an applicant tests positive, they face a one-year denial of benefits unless they complete a treatment program or later test negative for the substance. To enforce compliance, the bill stipulates that states not implementing these requirements may face cuts in federal funding for these programs.

Local Initiatives

San Francisco’s Proposition F
In 2024, San Francisco voters approved Proposition F, an initiative proposed by Mayor London Breed. This measure requires drug testing for individuals receiving benefits through the County Adult Assistance Program (CAAP). Under the law, recipients who test positive must enroll in a free treatment program in order to continue receiving benefits. Implementation is scheduled to begin on January 1, 2025.

Public Support

Public opinion appears largely supportive of such measures. A 2024 national survey found that 76% of Americans support drug screening and mandatory treatment for welfare recipients suspected of substance abuse. Support was evident across political lines, with 84% of Republicans, 69% of Democrats, and 75% of independents in favor of the policy.

Considerations and Criticisms

While the policy enjoys broad support, critics question its cost-effectiveness. A study cited by the Center for Law and Social Policy found that the cost to identify a single substance user through such programs could range between $20,000 and $77,000. These findings raise concerns about the return on investment for taxpayers.

There are also concerns about implementation. Experts warn that local governments may lack the capacity to properly manage, monitor, and enforce large-scale drug testing and treatment programs. In San Francisco, for instance, behavioral scientists have raised doubts about whether such a system can be effectively executed on the ground.

Related Legislative Ideas

There has been growing discussion about applying similar standards to politicians and public officials. Proposals include mandatory drug and alcohol testing—either randomly or when suspicion arises—as well as mental health evaluations, financial disclosures, and ethics assessments monitored by independent watchdog agencies.

Joe Rogan: Lifestyle and Health Updates

In April and May of 2025, Joe Rogan publicly announced that he had been sober for approximately two months. He shared on The Joe Rogan Experience that abstaining from alcohol had a noticeably positive effect on his mental clarity and well-being, expressing surprise that he hadn’t made the decision sooner. He noted that the days following drinking were “just too rough” and that he didn’t miss the downsides of alcohol.

Rogan also revealed that he has been attending church more regularly, though details regarding his religious practices or spiritual journey remain limited.

Cold Plunge and Sauna Routine

Joe Rogan frequently promotes his routine involving alternating hot and cold exposures. He typically transitions between saunas heated to 180–220°F and cold plunges, sometimes dipping as low as 21°F. His cycle often begins with sauna use, followed by a cold plunge, and ends with another sauna session.

He attributes this regimen to numerous health benefits, including reduced inflammation, quicker recovery, better hormone regulation, and an increase in testosterone. These claims have inspired many listeners and followers to experiment with similar routines, often citing podcast appearances by guests like David Goggins.

Hormone Use and Enhancement

Joe Rogan has been open about using testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) and has suggested the possible use of human growth hormone (HGH). Discussions on his podcast often include claims that his lifestyle habits, such as cold exposure and intense exercise, have helped elevate his testosterone levels into the 1100s—a level well above what is typical for men in their 50s.

Online communities, particularly Reddit forums, speculate that Rogan receives high doses of testosterone and HGH, possibly twice per week, which would place him in a category known as “supratherapeutic” hormone use.

Area	What Rogan Discloses
Alcohol	Confirmed quitting, publicly sober for several months
Church attendance	Mentioned, but with few specifics
Cold Plunge/Sauna	Daily/regular practice; uses extreme temps; cites health benefits
Testosterone & Hormones	Admits to TRT/HGH; aligns with his cold-exercise strategy

Joe Rogan has publicly declared that he leads an alcohol-free lifestyle, which has contributed to improved health and a renewed involvement in church activities. He consistently incorporates cold plunges and saunas into his high-intensity routines, claiming various physical and hormonal benefits. Rogan has also openly acknowledged using testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) and human growth hormone (HGH), though details about prescriptions or medical supervision remain private.

Testosterone Response

A 2019 randomized study involving resistance-trained men found that 15 minutes of cold-water immersion at 15°C immediately after squat workouts blunted the typical surge in testosterone. Specifically, testosterone levels were about 9% higher in the group that did not undergo cold exposure at 30 minutes post-exercise, while levels in the cold immersion group dropped below baseline by 60 minutes.

Earlier research from 1991 showed that cold exposure caused a 10% drop in testosterone during cold-water stimulation, along with a 22% increase in luteinizing hormone (LH).

Conversely, some claims—such as those related to “cold chamber” exposure—suggest that cold may inhibit testosterone breakdown, potentially leading to increased testosterone levels. However, robust clinical evidence supporting these claims is limited.

Bottom line: Cold exposure does not consistently increase testosterone levels and may even suppress post-exercise testosterone peaks. The data regarding long-term hormonal benefits remains inconclusive.

Cortisol and Stress Hormones

Cold exposure triggers a sympathetic nervous system response, often described as the “fight-or-flight” reaction, which sharply raises norepinephrine levels. This response is frequently accompanied by the release of endorphins and dopamine, resulting in an acute energizing effect.

Studies indicate that cortisol levels generally stay flat or decrease during and after cold immersion, sometimes remaining low for hours post-exposure. Regular cold exposure may help retrain the body’s stress response, with repetitive cold plunges showing lower cortisol spikes compared to initial sessions.

Other Hormonal Effects

Cold-water immersion has been shown to cause a significant increase in growth hormone (GH), with one study reporting a 300–500% surge after 15 minutes of cold exposure.

Additionally, cold immersion affects the immune system and thyroid function. It increases levels of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), norepinephrine, thyroid hormones, and various cytokines, resulting in complex effects on metabolism and immunity.

Hormone/System	Observed Effect from Cold Exposure
Testosterone	No clear long-term elevation; may blunt exercise-related surge
Cortisol	Slight decrease or stable; may improve stress resilience
Norepinephrine / Adrenaline	Acute spike—alertness, mood, pain relief
Endorphins/Dopamine	Release during cold shock—increase mood and energy temporarily
Growth Hormone	Significant acute increase reported (one study)
Immune / Thyroid Factors	Mixed changes—enhanced acute stress response

Caveats and Considerations

Timing plays a crucial role when it comes to cold exposure and exercise. Cold immersion immediately after exercise can impair muscle adaptation, while some evidence suggests that plunging before workouts may be safer. The duration of hormonal spikes caused by cold exposure is often short-term, with no proven long-term increases in testosterone.

There is significant individual variability in response to cold plunges. Some anecdotal reports from Reddit users claim testosterone increases of 200 to 600 ng/dL after months of consistent plunging. While these stories are compelling, they remain anecdotal and lack robust scientific backing.

Health cautions are important to note, as cold stress can affect heart rate, blood pressure, and hormonal balance. This is especially relevant for individuals with pre-existing health conditions, who should approach cold exposure carefully.

How does ketamine affect perception? 

Dissociation: The Core Effect 

Ketamine is classified as a dissociative anesthetic. It creates a sense of detachment from the body, mind, and environment. People may feel like they are observing themselves from outside their body, an “out-of-body experience” or that time and space are distorted. 

Emotional and Cognitive Disconnection 

Ketamine can numb emotional responses and temporarily blunt feelings of anxiety or depression. Some users experience a sense of being cut off from their thoughts or surroundings. This effect is one reason ketamine is being explored as a treatment for depression, as it can interrupt rigid, negative thought patterns. 

The “K-hole” Experience 

At high doses, ketamine can induce a very deep dissociative state often referred to as a “K-hole.” This state involves near-total disconnection from sensory input, personal identity, and, in some cases, reality itself. The experience can feel profound, terrifying, or euphoric, depending on the setting, dosage, and the individual's mental state. 

Medical Use 

In controlled medical environments, small doses of ketamine are used for a variety of purposes. These include anesthesia, pain relief, and, more recently, the rapid alleviation of symptoms in individuals with treatment-resistant depression. 

Risks of Disconnection 

While the disconnection effects of ketamine can be therapeutic in a medical context, recreational or unsupervised use carries risks. These include confusion, panic attacks or “bad trips,” memory problems, and an increased likelihood of accidents or injury due to impaired coordination and awareness. 

Public Figures and Ketamine Use 

Elon Musk has publicly acknowledged using ketamine, stating that it helps with his depression and enhances his productivity. He discussed this on X (formerly Twitter), and it was later confirmed in reports by media outlets including The Wall Street Journal and The New York Times. 

 

What about Peter Thiel?  

There is no confirmed public admission or verified report that Peter Thiel takes ketamine.  

However, Peter Thiel has a long-standing interest in life extension, transhumanism, and experimental medicine, including:  

• Funding anti-aging research  

• Supporting companies involved in cryonics, parabiosis (young blood plasma infusions), and nootropics  

• Associating with controversial longevity and biohacking ventures  

Because of this, some speculate that Thiel might be open to substances like ketamine as part of cutting-edge therapies, but:  

There is no credible source confirming that Peter Thiel uses ketamine.  

Public Figures Linked to Ketamine Use or Advocacy  

Elon Musk 

Status: Confirmed user
Elon Musk has openly discussed his use of ketamine to treat depression. He has emphasized its positive effects on both mood and productivity.
Musk has suggested that while some people benefit from SSRIs, for him, “ketamine works better.” 

 

Kristen Bell 

Status: Supporter of psychedelic-assisted therapy
While Kristen Bell has not publicly endorsed ketamine specifically, she has been open about her mental health struggles and has voiced support for psychedelic research in general. She is associated with broader advocacy efforts surrounding psychedelic-assisted mental health treatment. 

Aaron Rodgers 

Status: Psychedelic user (not ketamine)
NFL quarterback Aaron Rodgers has spoken about his use of ayahuasca, a DMT-based psychedelic. He describes his experiences as spiritually transformative and healing, advocating for the destigmatization of altered states in personal and emotional growth. 

Gwyneth Paltrow 

Status: Supporter of psychedelic therapy
Through her lifestyle brand Goop, Gwyneth Paltrow has explored and featured content on ketamine-assisted therapy and broader psychedelic wellness practices. Her involvement has helped bring attention to these topics in mainstream wellness discussions. 

Dr. John Krystal 

Status: Leading medical expert
Context: A psychiatrist at Yale University, Dr. John Krystal is one of the earliest researchers to explore ketamine’s use as a treatment for depression. His clinical work has been instrumental in legitimizing ketamine as a fast-acting antidepressant within the medical community. 

Dr. Carl Hart 

Status: Public advocate for rational drug policy
Context: As a neuropsychopharmacologist at Columbia University, Dr. Carl Hart advocates for science-based, responsible discussion and policy regarding psychoactive substances. He supports research and adult use of ketamine in appropriate contexts, emphasizing informed, rational approaches to drug use. 

Tech & Venture Capital Circles  

While not all have admitted ketamine use, many in Silicon Valley are deeply involved in psychedelic research and funding, such as:  

Peter Thiel 

Peter Thiel, co-founder of Palantir and an early investor in Facebook, has become a significant figure in the emerging field of psychedelic medicine. He has invested in startups like ATAI Life Sciences, a company that researches treatments using substances such as psilocybin, ketamine, and MDMA.  

Thiel is also a vocal proponent of radical medical innovation, life extension, and anti-aging science. While there is no confirmed evidence that he personally uses ketamine, his role as a financial backer makes him a key player in the industry's development and legitimization. 

What the VA is Doing?

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) is actively using ketamine-based therapies to treat veterans with treatment-resistant depression (TRD) and suicidal ideation. This includes both the FDA-approved nasal spray esketamine (Spravato) and off-label intravenous (IV) or intramuscular (IM) ketamine infusions.

Since around 2019, the VA has offered esketamine nasal spray under a restricted protocol for veterans who have not improved after trying at least two antidepressants. Thousands of veterans have received esketamine treatment both at VA facilities and through VA Community Care Network (VCCP) partnerships, including clinics like Ketamine Wellness Centers in various states.

Since approximately 2022, many VA facilities have permanently added IV/IM ketamine infusion protocols for TRD. For example, the Philadelphia VA’s Neuromodulation Clinic provides both repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) and esketamine, while some VA sites operate dedicated ketamine clinics focused solely on IV infusions. As of fiscal year 2023, about 75% of VA facilities (105 out of 139) offer either IV ketamine or intranasal esketamine, serving over 1,800 veterans.

Effectiveness and Outcomes

Real-world studies at VA sites such as Ann Arbor found that nearly 50% of veterans reported a substantial reduction in depression scores within six weeks of IV ketamine treatment, and approximately 15% achieved full remission. Private partnerships, such as Avesta and Ketamine Wellness Centers, report improvements in up to 86% of veterans after six or more ketamine sessions.

Veterans’ Experiences

Veterans on Reddit confirm that ketamine therapies are available through the VA, though access can vary by location. Some veterans note that protocols have been in place since at least early 2022. Others share positive testimonials, including statements like “Ketamine 100% saved my life” from current patients in programs such as the San Diego VAMC’s in-house ketamine treatment.

However, some veterans express frustration when their local VA sites do not offer ketamine therapy or are slow to make referrals. In such cases, community care through partner clinics is recommended as a workaround.

How Veterans Can Access Ketamine Therapies

Veterans interested in ketamine treatment should discuss their symptoms and treatment history with their VA mental health provider. If eligible—for example, those with TRD who have tried two or more antidepressants—the provider may refer them to a VA Neuromodulation Clinic if available or submit a community care request to partner clinics offering esketamine or IV ketamine.

It is important to advocate for prior approval if your VA site has not yet adopted ketamine protocols, as ketamine therapies are well within VA policy.

What You Should Know

Esketamine is FDA-approved and administered under controlled settings with close monitoring. IV/IM ketamine, while off-label, is supported by VA clinical guidelines established since 2022, which include standardized dosing and monitoring protocols.

Potential side effects of ketamine treatment include dissociation, spikes in blood pressure, and a risk of misuse. Because of this, ketamine is administered under careful observation in clinical settings.

Bottom Line

The VA is actively offering both esketamine nasal spray and IV/IM ketamine infusions for veterans suffering from treatment-resistant depression or suicidal ideation. While not every VA hospital may provide these treatments in-house, most do so through the Community Care Network. Veterans interested in ketamine therapy should initiate a conversation with their VA mental health provider and ask specifically about Neuromodulation Clinics, Spravato, and community care referrals.

If you would like assistance locating the nearest participating clinic or guidance on navigating VA referrals, feel free to ask.

Short-Term (Acute) Side Effects 

You're right, ketamine, while effective for treatment-resistant depression and suicidality, does carry serious side effects and potential risks. Here's a clear breakdown of what's known, based on clinical studies, real-world use (including VA protocols), and FDA data: 

These are common during or shortly after a ketamine session, especially within the first 1–2 hours: 

Symptom	Description	Frequency
Dissociation	Feeling disconnected from body/reality; floating, dreamlike state	Very common (up to 75%)
Hallucinations or vivid imagery	Visual or auditory distortions; sometimes disturbing	Common
Sedation	Drowsiness, impaired alertness	Common
Nausea & vomiting	Often managed with antiemetics	~25%
Increased blood pressure & heart rate	Peaks within 40 minutes; monitored during use	Common
Anxiety or panic	Can occur during “bad trips” or uncomfortable dissociation	Less common
Dizziness or loss of coordination	Especially on standing or walking	Common

Most side effects resolve within 2 hours and patients are monitored closely during this time (especially for esketamine/Spravato and IV use in clinics). 

Medium-Term Side Effects (After Several Doses) 

Emerging over several sessions (weeks to months): 

Risk	Description
Cognitive changes	Some report memory or attention problems, especially at high or frequent dosing levels
Bladder inflammation (cystitis)	Observed in chronic recreational users but rare in medically supervised cases; signs include frequent urination, burning, urgency
Increased tolerance	May need more to achieve the same antidepressant effect over time (dose escalation risks)
Mood instability	Some patients experience swings between improvement and depressive crashes (“rebound depression”)

Long-Term Risks (Chronic Use or High Doses) 

These are based mostly on recreational or non-clinical use, but are still worth noting for informed consent: 

Long-Term Effects of Ketamine Therapy

Long-Term Effect	Notes
Addiction/dependence	Ketamine is a Schedule III controlled substance in the U.S. Some users develop psychological dependence, though less so in monitored settings
Urinary tract damage	Chronic misuse can cause ketamine bladder syndrome, leading to pain, incontinence, and potential long-term damage
Liver enzyme elevation	Mild changes seen in some patients
Psychiatric effects	Risk of psychosis or worsening anxiety in vulnerable individuals (e.g., those with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder)

Risk vs. Benefit

Benefits	Risks
Rapid relief from suicidal ideation (often within hours)	Dissociation, elevated blood pressure, nausea
Significant improvement in treatment-resistant depression	Risk of addiction or tolerance with long-term use
Can work when SSRIs and therapy fail	Requires close supervision and sometimes multiple sessions

In clinical settings (like the VA or Spravato REMS program), side effects are usually well managed with: 

• Pre-screening (e.g. cardiac history, psychosis risk) 

• Monitoring (2+ hours post-dose) 

• Controlled dosing schedules (e.g. 2x/week to start, tapering later) 

VA Protocol Safeguards

The VA has implemented several safety measures to ensure the responsible use of ketamine-based treatments. Before and after each treatment session, a veteran’s vital signs are checked. Each visit also includes a mental status evaluation to assess psychological stability. Oversight is provided by a psychiatrist, and once an initial positive response to treatment is observed, clinicians typically develop careful tapering plans to avoid long-term dependence or overuse.

Sources and Studies

The protocols used by the VA are informed by multiple authoritative sources. These include the FDA Spravato (esketamine) Prescribing Information, the American Psychiatric Association Guidelines on Ketamine Use (2021), and official protocols from VA Neuromodulation Clinics. Peer-reviewed literature, such as articles in the Journal of Affective Disorders, Biological Psychiatry, and JAMA Psychiatry, also inform clinical decisions and policy-making.

Inside the VA System

For ketamine treatments administered directly within the VA—such as IV ketamine or esketamine delivered in neuromodulation clinics—the VA is required to follow strict informed consent procedures. Veterans should be made aware that ketamine (except for esketamine) is used off-label for depression. They must be informed of all common and serious side effects, such as dissociation, elevated blood pressure, bladder risks, and cognitive issues. Veterans must also be told that ketamine is a Schedule III controlled substance with potential for addiction, that individual responses vary, and that long-term safety remains under investigation. Each dose requires appropriate monitoring and supervision, and alternative treatments such as transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), medications, or electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) should also be discussed.

In practice, however, the level of disclosure varies. Some VA facilities excel at providing thorough intake assessments, verbal and written consent procedures, and follow-up after each session. Others may provide only minimal information, particularly when care is referred to outside providers via the Community Care system. Veterans have reported mixed experiences on platforms such as Reddit and RallyPoint. Some noted they were only warned about nausea and dissociation, but not about bladder damage or the risk of dependency. Others received brochures and some monitoring but had to ask specifically about long-term effects in order to get details.

Private Clinics via Community Care

When the VA refers veterans to private ketamine clinics—which is becoming increasingly common—standards for informed consent can vary significantly. Some clinics provide detailed, transparent risk briefings and high-quality care. However, others appear more focused on profit and patient retention than on full disclosure. Veterans may not realize that these clinics often have financial incentives to keep them returning for multiple treatment rounds, and the risks associated with long-term use increase as treatment continues.

Signs That Informed Consent Might Be Incomplete

Veterans or their families should evaluate whether full informed consent was provided. Questions to consider include whether side effects like bladder damage, cognitive effects, or addiction were mentioned, whether treatment limitations were clearly explained, whether a written consent form was reviewed and discussed with a provider, and whether other treatment options were adequately presented. If the answer to most of these questions is no, then the informed consent process may not have been adequate.

Veteran Advocacy and Oversight

The VA’s Office of the Inspector General (OIG) has previously investigated issues related to ketamine prescribing and oversight. In response, several veteran advocacy groups have called for stronger educational standards, better monitoring, and increased transparency. There is a growing movement to standardize informed consent practices across all VA facilities and third-party clinics participating in Community Care, to ensure that every veteran receives consistent and thorough information before beginning ketamine treatment.

Ketamine Use Among Veterans Over Time

Expansion of VA-Based Clinics

 In 2020, only 19 VA facilities offered IV ketamine infusions. By 2024, that number had grown to 39 facilities offering either IV ketamine or intranasal esketamine. As of fiscal year 2023, 105 out of 139 VA medical centers—about 75.5%—provided ketamine or esketamine treatment either in-house or through the VA Community Care Network.

Number of Veterans Treated

In FY 2020, approximately 215 veterans received IV ketamine treatments at VA facilities. By FY 2023, that figure had grown to over 1,800 veterans receiving either IV ketamine or esketamine, marking an eightfold increase in just three years.

Clinic Usage and Treatment Volume

A single VA hospital, as reported in the VA’s Diffusion Marketplace, administered 1,505 ketamine treatments in 2024. These included 799 IV treatments, 554 intramuscular (IM) treatments, and 152 intranasal esketamine sessions. Real-world clinical studies, such as those in Ann Arbor and Philadelphia, show that many veterans continue on maintenance dosing regimens, often with biweekly sessions that taper over time as symptoms improve.

Broader U.S. Trends

Beyond the VA, the number of ketamine clinics in the United States has risen from about 60 in 2015 to over 1,200–1,500 today. In states like Rhode Island, total ketamine prescriptions increased by approximately 56% between 2017 and 2023. Esketamine prescriptions, in particular, rose by about 1,289% between 2019 and 2023.

Is It “Getting Worse”?

Ketamine use among veterans has expanded dramatically, both in terms of provider availability and the number of veterans treated. This growth aligns with national trends following the FDA’s approval of esketamine in 2019 and the VA’s formal guidance on off-label IV ketamine use issued in 2022. Whether this trend represents a problem depends on perspective.

On the positive side, more veterans now have access to a fast-acting intervention for treatment-resistant depression and suicidal ideation. However, the rapid adoption raises concerns that informed consent, long-term monitoring protocols, and clinical standardization may not be keeping pace with expansion.

What This Means Going Forward

The VA’s progression, from 19 facilities in 2020, to 39 in 2024, to 105 offering treatment by FY 2023—illustrates the rapid scale-up of ketamine therapies within just a few years. This expansion places increased pressure on the VA to balance access with strong safety oversight, especially for long-term or maintenance use.

Key metrics to watch for those monitoring VA ketamine policy include:

• Expansion and enforcement of informed consent procedures
• Tracking of long-term outcomes, including mental health, cognitive function, bladder health, and addiction risk
• Oversight through VA Office of Inspector General reviews and facility-level audits
  
  

Key Studies on Ketamine for Depression

NIH and Academic Trials

Zarate et al., 2006 (NIH)
This landmark double-blind, placebo-controlled trial included 18 patients with treatment-resistant depression. It found rapid antidepressant effects within two hours of IV ketamine, with benefits lasting up to seven days. This was the first rigorous evidence that ketamine is effective for major depression.
Published in Archives of General Psychiatry, 2006

Singh et al., 2016 (Esketamine Trial)
This Phase III randomized trial tested esketamine plus an oral antidepressant in adults with treatment-resistant depression. The combination significantly outperformed placebo and supported the FDA’s approval of Spravato.
Published in Journal of Psychopharmacology, 2016

Feder et al., 2014 (PTSD Study)
This study included both veterans and civilians with chronic PTSD. A single IV dose of ketamine significantly reduced PTSD symptoms for several days.
Published in JAMA Psychiatry, 2014

VA-Related Research

VA Ann Arbor Study (2022)

This real-world study examined IV ketamine use in VA patients. Nearly 50% showed a clinically significant reduction in depression symptoms within six weeks, with some achieving full remission after three to six infusions. The treatment was well tolerated with minimal side effects when properly monitored.
Cited in VA internal reports and the Journal of Affective Disorders

VA Diffusion of Excellence Reports (2022–2024)

These reports summarized outcome tracking across multiple VA sites. Approximately 70% of patients experienced improvement, and 10–15% entered remission. The best results were seen with maintenance dosing, and veterans without severe dissociation or substance abuse histories responded most favorably. Ketamine was also included in suicide prevention pilot programs.

Meta-Analyses and Reviews

Coyle and Laws, 2015
This meta-analysis evaluated nine randomized controlled trials involving over 200 participants. It found that ketamine has a large effect size for depression, with benefits appearing within four hours and peaking at 24 to 48 hours. Effects typically lasted three to seven days per infusion.
Published in Neuropsychopharmacology, 2015

Wilkinson et al., 2018
Conducted by researchers from the VA and Yale, this review focused on ketamine’s effects on suicidal ideation. It found that ketamine produced significant, rapid reductions in suicidal thoughts.
Published in American Journal of Psychiatry, 2018

Studies on Long-Term Safety

Despite promising short-term results, there is still limited data on the long-term safety of ketamine therapy, particularly beyond six to twelve months of use. Researchers and clinicians continue to explore potential risks, including the effects of chronic ketamine use on memory, cognition, and bladder health. Current clinical guidance recommends limiting treatment to short courses with planned tapering, rather than ongoing or indefinite use.

Aspect	Status
Short-term effects (1–4 weeks)	Well-studied, strongly positive
Medium-term (2–3 months)	Moderate evidence, more real-world data needed
Long-term safety (>6 months)	Still under study, especially for IV use
PTSD/Suicide outcomes	Emerging evidence in both civilian and veteran studies
VA research	Expanding quickly, supported by Diffusion of Excellence programs

How does ketamine affect perception? 

Dissociation: The Core Effect 

Ketamine is classified as a dissociative anesthetic. It creates a sense of detachment from the body, mind, and environment. People may feel like they are observing themselves from outside their body, an “out-of-body experience” or that time and space are distorted. 

Emotional and Cognitive Disconnection 

Ketamine can numb emotional responses and temporarily blunt feelings of anxiety or depression. Some users experience a sense of being cut off from their thoughts or surroundings. This effect is one reason ketamine is being explored as a treatment for depression, as it can interrupt rigid, negative thought patterns. 

The “K-hole” Experience 

At high doses, ketamine can induce a very deep dissociative state often referred to as a “K-hole.” This state involves near-total disconnection from sensory input, personal identity, and, in some cases, reality itself. The experience can feel profound, terrifying, or euphoric, depending on the setting, dosage, and the individual's mental state. 

Medical Use 

In controlled medical environments, small doses of ketamine are used for a variety of purposes. These include anesthesia, pain relief, and, more recently, the rapid alleviation of symptoms in individuals with treatment-resistant depression. 

Risks of Disconnection 

While the disconnection effects of ketamine can be therapeutic in a medical context, recreational or unsupervised use carries risks. These include confusion, panic attacks or “bad trips,” memory problems, and an increased likelihood of accidents or injury due to impaired coordination and awareness. 

Public Figures and Ketamine Use 

Elon Musk has publicly acknowledged using ketamine, stating that it helps with his depression and enhances his productivity. He discussed this on X (formerly Twitter), and it was later confirmed in reports by media outlets including The Wall Street Journal and The New York Times. 

What about Peter Thiel?  

There is no confirmed public admission or verified report that Peter Thiel takes ketamine.  

However, Peter Thiel has a long-standing interest in life extension, transhumanism, and experimental medicine, including:  

• Funding anti-aging research  

• Supporting companies involved in cryonics, parabiosis (young blood plasma infusions), and nootropics  

• Associating with controversial longevity and biohacking ventures  

Because of this, some speculate that Thiel might be open to substances like ketamine as part of cutting-edge therapies, but:  

There is no credible source confirming that Peter Thiel uses ketamine.  

Public Figures Linked to Ketamine Use or Advocacy  

Elon Musk 

Status: Confirmed user
Elon Musk has openly discussed his use of ketamine to treat depression. He has emphasized its positive effects on both mood and productivity.
Musk has suggested that while some people benefit from SSRIs, for him, “ketamine works better.” 

Kristen Bell 

Status: Supporter of psychedelic-assisted therapy
While Kristen Bell has not publicly endorsed ketamine specifically, she has been open about her mental health struggles and has voiced support for psychedelic research in general. She is associated with broader advocacy efforts surrounding psychedelic-assisted mental health treatment. 

Aaron Rodgers 

Status: Psychedelic user (not ketamine)
NFL quarterback Aaron Rodgers has spoken about his use of ayahuasca, a DMT-based psychedelic. He describes his experiences as spiritually transformative and healing, advocating for the destigmatization of altered states in personal and emotional growth. 

Gwyneth Paltrow 

Status: Supporter of psychedelic therapy
Through her lifestyle brand Goop, Gwyneth Paltrow has explored and featured content on ketamine-assisted therapy and broader psychedelic wellness practices. Her involvement has helped bring attention to these topics in mainstream wellness discussions. 

Dr. John Krystal 

Status: Leading medical expert
Context: A psychiatrist at Yale University, Dr. John Krystal is one of the earliest researchers to explore ketamine’s use as a treatment for depression. His clinical work has been instrumental in legitimizing ketamine as a fast-acting antidepressant within the medical community. 

Dr. Carl Hart 

Status: Public advocate for rational drug policy
Context: As a neuropsychopharmacologist at Columbia University, Dr. Carl Hart advocates for science-based, responsible discussion and policy regarding psychoactive substances. He supports research and adult use of ketamine in appropriate contexts, emphasizing informed, rational approaches to drug use. 

Tech & Venture Capital Circles  

While not all have admitted ketamine use, many in Silicon Valley are deeply involved in psychedelic research and funding, such as:  

Peter Thiel 

Peter Thiel, co-founder of Palantir and an early investor in Facebook, has become a significant figure in the emerging field of psychedelic medicine. He has invested in startups like ATAI Life Sciences, a company that researches treatments using substances such as psilocybin, ketamine, and MDMA.  

Thiel is also a vocal proponent of radical medical innovation, life extension, and anti-aging science. While there is no confirmed evidence that he personally uses ketamine, his role as a financial backer makes him a key player in the industry's development and legitimization.  

White House Drug Testing Policy: History and Changes

When Did Drug Testing in the White House Begin?

Drug testing in the White House began in the 1980s during President Ronald Reagan’s administration, coinciding with the broader “War on Drugs.” This initiative aimed to ensure federal employees, particularly those in national security or sensitive roles, were held to strict drug-free standards.

The policy was formalized with Executive Order 12564, signed in 1986, which declared that the Federal Government is a drug-free workplace. Under this order, White House staffers, especially those with security clearances, could be subject to:

• Random drug testing
• Pre-employment drug screening
• Drug testing following incidents or reasonable suspicion

These procedures became a standard part of maintaining trust and safety within federal operations.

Did Donald Trump Eliminate Drug Testing at the White House?

There is no official record, executive order, or documented memo indicating that the Trump administration formally ended the White House’s drug testing policy. However, multiple news reports and whistleblower claims, particularly in 2020, alleged that drug screening procedures were largely ignored or deprioritized during Trump’s time in office.

According to outlets such as Axios and Politico, White House staffers were reportedly not undergoing routine drug tests, even during the COVID-19 era when workplace policies were under heightened scrutiny. These reports raised concerns about the lax enforcement of what had previously been a strict protocol.

Was This Due to Trump’s Own Alleged Drug Use?

There is no verified evidence that Trump ended or relaxed drug testing due to his own drug use. However, rumors have circulated, particularly from former aides and critics. For example, Noel Casler, a former staffer on The Celebrity Apprentice, alleged that Trump abused Adderall. These claims remain unconfirmed and have not been supported by medical documentation. Trump himself has never publicly admitted to using Adderall, stimulants, or any illegal substances.

Public Figures and Drug or Hormone Use: A Broader Discussion

Elon Musk – Ketamine

In 2023, Elon Musk publicly acknowledged using prescribed ketamine to manage depression. He stated that the medication helps him break free from “negative mental loops.” Ketamine is not illegal when prescribed and is FDA-approved in specific formulations (such as Spravato) for treatment-resistant depression.

Despite its legality, Musk's use has sparked debate due to his role leading SpaceX, a major defense contractor. Critics have questioned whether such use should raise concerns given his security-sensitive responsibilities. Musk has defended his approach, claiming ketamine is a preferable alternative to SSRIs.

RFK Jr. – Testosterone Therapy

Robert F. Kennedy Jr. has disclosed that he has used testosterone replacement therapy. He reportedly began this regimen to restore energy levels following health complications. Testosterone therapy is legal with a prescription, though its use—particularly at high doses or for non-medical enhancement—is sometimes viewed as controversial in medical and athletic communities.

Joe Rogan – Hormones and Performance Enhancers

Joe Rogan has openly discussed his use of testosterone, human growth hormone (HGH), and peptides. He considers these substances part of his longevity and performance strategy. Although none of these substances are illegal when prescribed, Rogan’s openness contributes to a larger public debate over the normalization of such therapies, especially among men in high-profile positions in media and politics.

 Summary Table

Person	Admitted Substance	Legal?	Public Concern?
Trump	Rumored Adderall	Not confirmed	Yes – if true, raises questions about medical fitness and leadership
Musk	Ketamine (prescribed)	Legal	Yes – due to defense industry ties and executive responsibilities
RFK Jr.	Testosterone	Legal	Yes – concerns about transparency, ethics, and performance enhancement
Rogan	TRT, HGH, peptides	Legal	Yes – influential public figure shaping health and lifestyle norms

The trend among powerful men toward prescription-based enhancement — whether it’s ketamine, testosterone, or nootropics — is increasingly visible. While legal in many cases, it raises: 

• Ethical questions (Should leaders be transparent about their mental health treatments?) 

• Security concerns (What happens if a world leader is chemically altered?) 

• Cultural shifts (Are we normalizing “biohacking” as elite self-care?) 

 

TIMELINE: Public Admissions or Reports of Drug Use Among Elites 

Year	Person	Substance	Type	Context
1976	Jimmy Carter’s son (Chip Carter)	Marijuana	Illegal (then)	Arrested for possession while his father was campaigning.
1980s–1990s	Bill Clinton	Marijuana	Illegal (then)	Famously claimed: “I didn’t inhale.”
2006	Barack Obama (in memoir)	Cocaine, marijuana	Illegal	Admitted past use in Dreams from My Father.
2016	Joe Rogan	Testosterone, HGH	Legal (prescribed)	Discussed openly on podcast; used for fitness and longevity.
2019	Robert F. Kennedy Jr.	Testosterone	Legal (prescribed)	Admitted use in interviews, citing declining health.
2021	Elon Musk	Psychedelics (implied), Ketamine	Legal (prescribed)	Stated he uses ketamine “occasionally” for depression.
2020–2023	Donald Trump (rumors)	Adderall (rumored)	Unconfirmed	Former staffers alleged stimulant use; no official confirmation or records.
2023	Aaron Rodgers	Ayahuasca	Illegal (U.S.), Legal abroad	Said it helped him “transform” and improve performance.
2024	Robert F. Kennedy Jr.	Testosterone	Legal	Confirmed again during campaign interviews.
Ongoing	Silicon Valley execs (e.g., Bryan Johnson, David Asprey)	Nootropics, testosterone, peptides	Legal	Promoting “biohacking” and performance enhancement as a lifestyle.

Elite use is often done under concierge medicine or offshore protocols to bypass scrutiny. 

Trends Among the Elite

In elite circles—especially within Silicon Valley—there is a growing trend of using pharmacological and technological tools to enhance performance and well-being. Microdosing psychedelics, taking modafinil, and using bio-identical hormones have become common topics in private networks and among startup founders.

Podcast culture, driven by influential voices like Joe Rogan, Robert F. Kennedy Jr., and Dr. Andrew Huberman, has further normalized the use of testosterone, nootropics, and other enhancement drugs. These substances are often adopted by high-functioning executives and political candidates to combat burnout, cognitive decline, or depression. However, they are not always disclosed publicly, raising questions of transparency and ethics.

Ethical Questions Being Raised

As elite biohacking becomes more visible, several ethical concerns are gaining prominence:

• Should public figures be required to disclose their use of substances that could affect cognition or behavior?
• Are these developments creating two separate health systems—one for elite enhancement and another for the general population?
• What national security risks emerge if leaders use mind-altering or mood-regulating substances?
• In an age of enhancement, how should we define cognitive fitness or mental competence for office?

Part 1: Popular Biohacker Stacks Among the Elite

“Stacks” refer to personalized combinations of supplements, medications, and practices aimed at improving cognitive function, mood, longevity, or physical performance. Below is a breakdown of popular biohacking stacks among tech founders, wellness influencers, and longevity enthusiasts.

Bryan Johnson’s Blueprint Stack

Bryan Johnson, the tech entrepreneur behind Braintree and Venmo, spends more than $2 million per year attempting to reverse biological aging through an intensive and data-driven health protocol. His regimen is one of the most comprehensive and publicized in the biohacking world.

The ultra-wealthy tech founder (Braintree/Venmo) who spends over $2 million/year trying to reverse aging. 

Category	Substances/Practices
Hormonal	Testosterone (microdosed), DHEA
Peptides	GHK-Cu, BPC-157, Thymosin Beta-4
Supplements	NMN, resveratrol, vitamin D, magnesium, omega-3, glycine, creatine, pterostilbene
Nootropics	Nicotine gum (microdosed), caffeine (limited), L-theanine
Medications	Metformin (off-label for longevity), rapamycin (off-label, anti-aging)
Devices	Red light therapy, plasma apheresis, full-body MRI/ultrasound tracking
Diet	Strict calorie-controlled vegan diet with biomarker tracking
Sleep Protocol	Full circadian alignment routine, sleep supplements like magnesium threonate, melatonin

Silicon Valley “Executive Stack”

Function	Substances
Cognitive Boost	Modafinil, Adderall (off-label), Alpha-GPC, L-tyrosine, noopept
Mood/Stability	Ketamine (prescribed), microdosed psilocybin, ashwagandha
Longevity	Metformin, NAD+ boosters (e.g., NMN, NR), resveratrol, rapamycin
Fitness/Recovery	Testosterone (TRT), HGH, peptides (BPC-157, TB-500), creatine
Sleep/Recovery	Magnesium glycinate, melatonin, glycine, apigenin (recommended by Huberman)
Lifestyle	Sauna, cold plunge, neurofeedback, 5-day fasting, stem cell injections (abroad)

 

What Disqualifies Someone from the U.S. Security Clearance? 

Security clearance (Confidential, Secret, or Top Secret) is determined by the Defense Counterintelligence and Security Agency (DCSA) and guided by Adjudicative Guidelines for Determining Eligibility for Access to Classified Information.

Substances That Can Disqualify or Flag Applicants: 

Substance	Risk	Clearance Impact
Adderall (without Rx)	Controlled substance misuse	Likely denial
Cocaine, LSD, MDMA	Schedule I, past use	Can disqualify or delay
Ketamine (non-medical use)	Schedule III	Prescribed = generally OK; misuse = risky
Marijuana	Still federally illegal	Past use may be OK (if disclosed), recent use = denial
TRT/Testosterone	Prescription only	Legal = generally OK unless abused or undeclared
Modafinil	Schedule IV	Legal with Rx; abuse = red flag
Psychedelics	Illegal federally	Use = disqualifier unless distant past + disclosed
Steroids (AAS)	Schedule III	Abuse = denial; TRT with Rx = OK
Off-label drugs (e.g., Metformin for aging)	Not disqualifying	OK if medically supervised
Nootropic compounds (Noopept, racetams)	Not FDA-approved	Case-by-case (imported substances = red flag)
Alcohol abuse	Major red flag	Requires documented rehabilitation, sobriety period

Dishonesty during the application is often worse than past drug use. The government emphasizes full disclosure. 

What Is Generally Acceptable?

Prescribed medications, including testosterone, ketamine (Spravato), or modafinil, are generally acceptable if taken under medical supervision, disclosed clearly, and not abused or used to avoid necessary rest or function.

Biohacking routines such as supplements, sleep trackers, red light therapy, and fasting are usually not an issue unless they are tied to risky behavior or medical fraud.

Key Takeaways

Elites are increasingly using pharmacology combined with technology for enhancement, but much of this exists in a legal gray zone. Security clearance depends not only on the substances used but also on honesty, patterns of behavior, and intent.

The government remains cautious about foreign-supplied or experimental compounds, especially if they indicate impulsivity or poor judgment.

Elite Biohacking & Longevity Clinics

Extension Health – New York City

Founded by Dr. Jonathann Kuo, Extension Health offers services including plasma exchange, peptide therapy, gene therapy, neuro resets, and comprehensive diagnostics. Membership tiers include a standard package at $10,000 per year and a “Superhuman” package at $250,000 per year, available by invitation only. Their clientele includes celebrities, tech founders, and royalty, with notable clients such as La La Anthony and Kimbal Musk.

Wild Health – Executive Concierge Program

Wild Health follows a precision medicine approach, providing personalized care plans based on individual data. Services include genomic testing, advanced biomarker analysis, and longevity protocols. The target audience is executives seeking to extend their healthspan and performance.

Sydenham Clinic – Houston, TX

Sydenham Clinic focuses on personalized health management through genetic and biomarker analysis. It offers comprehensive concierge medicine and anti-aging strategies, operating independently of insurance and pharmaceutical-driven care.

GitelCare – Miami, FL

GitelCare offers Biohacking 360 Executive Physicals, advanced lab testing, in-depth health analysis, and 24/7 concierge support. Its target audience is VIP clients seeking premium wellness services.

Elite Concierge Physicians

This practice emphasizes holistic, patient-centered care, blending virtual and home visits with personalized health plans. Their goal is to empower patients to actively manage their health and well-being.

WorldClinic

WorldClinic provides on-demand, comprehensive concierge medical services for executives and employers, offering personalized care accessible anytime and anywhere. Its target audience consists of high-net-worth individuals requiring global medical support.

Members.MD – Omaha, NE

Members.MD specializes in concierge primary care focused on personalized health management through direct physician relationships and tailored health plans. Their target audience includes health-conscious individuals seeking control over their health.

Additional Noteworthy Clinics

Longevity Medical Institute – San José del Cabo, Mexico

This 15,000 sq ft facility offers concierge medicine, biohacking, anti-aging, and personalized health programs.

MD² (MD Squared)

MD² offers innovative concierge medicine with tailored care systems, focusing on comprehensive health management for discerning clients.