The Discovery of Non-Steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs), Part 1
Release Date: 05/16/2024
The Astounding Account of the IL-17 and Spondylarthritis
Healio Rheuminations
In this episode, we focus on the history of researchers discovering the clinical applicability of the IL 23/17 axis, with a particular emphasis on psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis and axial SpA · Intro 0:01 · In this episode 0:12 · Leonard Calabrese, DO, is listening! 0:54 · Recap of last episode 3:09 · Putting the pieces together 5:12 ...
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The Tumultuous Tale of Th17-and the IL23/IL17 immune axis
Healio Rheuminations
In this episode, we dive into a two-part story of intrigue starting from a paradigm shift in understanding of T cell biology because of a mouse model of post-measles encephalopathy, to the eventual recognition of the IL-23/17 immune axis. • Intro 0:01 • In this episode 0:12 • Interleukin-17 (IL-17) is a relatively recent discovery 1:34 • The beginning of TH-17 2:20 • Looking at autoimmune encephalopathy: A story of measles 03:30 • 1790’s woman with post measles inflammatory process in the brain...
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History of polymyalgia rheumatica: The origin of the pain & link to giant cell arteritis
Healio Rheuminations
In this episode, we dive into the history of polymyalgia rheumatica, how it was discovered and its link to giant cell arteritis. Intro 0:01 In this episode 0:10 What is polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR)? 0:24 The history of PMR 02:12 PMR in the 1950s: A formally recognized disease 04:52 What was probably PMR in the 1880s 06:27 Naming PMR: Senile rheumatic gout 07:26 1957: The witch’s shot and finally landing on polymyalgia rheumatica 08:30 Where is PMR coming from? 14:42 Injecting joins with saline 16:39 A biopsy study in 1964 19:54 Technetium bone scintigraphy in 1971 and bone scan history...
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Pulmonary hypertension, part 4: The therapeutics, with Dr. Joseph Parambil
Healio Rheuminations
In the final part of this series, Joseph Parambil, MD, walks us through the approach of managing pulmonary hypertension, reviews the pathophysiology and digs into the mechanisms and the differences in the medications. Intro 0:12 In this episode 0:17 Interview with Joseph Parambil, MD 2:53 Reviewing and clarifying pathophysiology prior to initiating therapeutics 4:13 Evaluating patients in terms of their functional status and how does that play a role in initiating therapies 4:25 Vasoreactivity testing 10:21 The categories of medications 14:40 Endothelin receptor antagonists 37:07 TGF pathway...
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Pulmonary hypertension, part 3: Early therapies and vascular physiology
Healio Rheuminations
In this episode, we dive into the early therapies and how our understanding of vascular physiology drastically changed the management of pulmonary hypertension. Intro 0:12 In this episode 0:18 Recap of part 1 & 2 0:31 What part 3 is about 2:31 WHO conference in 1975: Treating pulmonary hypertension 3:48 5:20 Epoprostenol 6:18 Prostacyclin 10:37 Endothelin antagonists 11:41 Phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitors 14:08 Interaction of nerves and blood vessels 15:06 The Soups VS the Sparks 17:36 A dreamed experiment 19:06...
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Pulmonary hypertension and the rheumatologist, part 2: The history
Healio Rheuminations
In part 2, we dig into the history of pulmonary hypertension. How did this strange diagnosis first get recognized, what does it have to do with cows with thick necks and urinary catheters in the heart? Intro 0:11 In this episode 0:17 Recap of part 1 0:26 How was pulmonary hypertension discovered? 2:38 1891 3:51 1901 5:07 1935 7:02 Hilar dance 12:58 Cardiac catheterization: 1929 15:03 When did cardiac catheterization become relevant? 20:10 1965: Aminorex 24:40 World Health Organization: 1975 26:37 1980s: toxic oil syndrome of Spain 28:20 Preview of part...
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Pulmonary hypertension and the rheumatologist, part 1: A bit of background
Healio Rheuminations
In this series, we dive into what rheumatologists should know about pulmonary hypertension, starting an interview with Joseph Parambil, MD, where we learn about the disease, when to suspect and how to work up! Intro 0:11 In this episode 0:16 Preview of the four-part series 4:46 Interview with Joseph Parambil, MD 6:27 How did you become interested in pulmonary hypertension? 7:02 Brown and Parambil discuss the histology of pulmonary hypertension. 10:13 Brown and Parambil discuss a case of pulmonary hypertension. 12:26 What is pulmonary hypertension and what does that mean for a...
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COVID's role in autoimmunity and where we are in the world of long COVID
Healio Rheuminations
On this episode, hear the 2024 updates on COVID-19, long COVID and the latest developments in research in rheumatology. Hosted by Dr. Leonard Calabrese. Intro 0:12 In this episode 0:21 Coming up on Healio Rheuminations 0:56 2:19 Questions 3:12 Long COVID 4:46 Calabrese’s bias 10:15 The evidence 13:08 Auto antibodies 14:54 Why does the body develop auto antibodies? 17:47 COVID-19 and epidemiologic association 22:25 New clinical entity 26:40 Therapeutic implications 31:00 In conclusion 32:00 Thanks for listening 33:18 Leonard H....
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The Story of the Flu Vaccine (Re-Release)
Healio Rheuminations
It's that time of year again, everyone rolling up their sleeves to get a flu shot. This throwback episode dives into the history of the struggles pinning down the causative agent of flu and the journey to the vaccine! Intro 0:40 In this episode 1:11 The history of the flu: 1892 1:41 What do we know about viruses? 6:29 Rabies and dead virus 11:17 14:43 1918 16:44 Vaccines and trials 19:13 Pig influenza 23:12 Influenza: a filterable agent we can’t see 27:01 The trials of 1942 33:02 PS: 1918 influenza 38:57 Thanks for listening 47:42 Disclosures: Brown reports no relevant financial...
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NSAIDs, Part 3: The rise, fall and rise again of COX-2 inhibition
Healio Rheuminations
In the third episode of the NSAIDs saga, we focus on COX-2 inhibition! Did the hopes and dreams of selective COX-2 inhibition pan out? What can the rise and fall of VIOXX teach us about physiology? Intro 0:11 Recap of part 1 & 2 0:28 In this episode 1:44 Cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) and the rat experiment 3:12 What do we know about the prostaglandins? And what about COX-2 7:54 What does prostacyclin do? 10:33 The first COX-2 inhibitor: VIOXX 10:56 What is COX-2 doing?: Pfizer and Merck 12:15 Two more NSAID studies: colon cancer, Alzheimer’s disease and...
info_outlineHumans have had an insatiable appetite for inhibiting production of prostaglandins for centuries! This series delves into the history of aspirin and NSAIDs, looking at the understanding of the prostaglandin pathway.
· Intro 0:12
· In this episode 0:23
· What are NSAIDs? 0:53
· Prostaglandins 5:50
· What are prostaglandins? 7:19
· Where do prostaglandins come from? 8:45
· So, what do we do with prostaglandins? 13:15
· How did they figure out prostaglandins? 13:55
· Naming the prostaglandin 21:25
· Phospholipids 24:46
· Arachidonic acid 25:28
· Arachidonic acid into prostaglandins: how do you prove it? 26:32
· How does arachidonic acid turn into prostaglandins? 27:27
· Cyclo-oxygenase 28:36
· mRNA and COX-2 32:50
· On the next episode 35:55
· Summary 36:38
· Thanks for listening 37:49
Disclosures: Brown reports no relevant financial disclosures.
We’d love to hear from you! Send your comments/questions to Dr. Brown at [email protected]. Follow us on Twitter @HRheuminations @AdamJBrownMD @HealioRheum.
References:
Botting RM. Pharmacol Rep. 2010;doi:10.1016/s1734-1140(10)70308-x.
Flower RJ. Br J Pharmacol. 2006;doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0706506.
Flower RJ. Br J Pharmacol. 2019;doi:10.1111/bph.14588.
Kurzrok R, et al. Exp Biol Med. 1930;doi:10.3181/00379727-28-5265.
https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1970/euler/biographical/.
von Euler US. J Physiol. 1936;doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1936.sp003433.