437. A Candle in the Darkness – Philipp Bozzini and the Lichtleiter
Release Date: 12/31/2025
449. Reproductive Care - Basics on Labour and Delivery - 2
Surgery 101
In this episode, we will cover the basics of labour and delivery, low-risk and high-risk pregnancies and the basics you need to know if faced with an emergency delivery like on an airplane! After listening to this podcast, students will be able to: ● Describe how to perform initial assessment of a labour patient, distinguish false from true labour, evaluate labour progress, and apply appropriate fetal and maternal monitoring techniques. ● Describe and manage the stages of normal labour and delivery. ● Manage obstetric interventions and emergencies. ● Integrate...
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449. Reproductive Care - Basics on Labour and Delivery - 2 NOTES
Surgery 101
PDF Notes for Surgery 101 episode on Reproductive Care - Basics on Labour and Delivery - 2
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448. Reproductive Care - Prenatal basics - 1 NOTES
Surgery 101
PDF Notes for Surgery 101 episode on Reproductive Care - Prenatal basics - 1
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448. Reproductive Care - Prenatal basics - 1
Surgery 101
In this episode, we’ll walk through the structure of prenatal visits, the timeline of investigations, trimester-specific considerations, and the rationale behind medications and routine testing. By the end of this podcast, learners will be able to: ● Describe the timeline and structure of prenatal care visits. ● List the key investigations done at each stage of pregnancy. ● Outline the routine prenatal screening and imaging. ● Explain which medications and interventions are commonly recommended in pregnancy.
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447. Surgical Management of Rectal Cancer - Part 2 NOTES
Surgery 101
PDF Notes for Surgery 101 episode on Surgical Management of Rectal Cancer - Part 2
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447. Surgical Management of Rectal Cancer - Part 2
Surgery 101
After listening to this podcast, learners will be able to: 1. Describe the anatomy and blood supply of the distal colon and rectum. 2. List what is resected and what is reconnected during a low anterior resection. 3. Describe the major differences between a low anterior resection and an abdominoperineal resection, and the indications for each. 4. Outline risk factors for anastomotic leak after a low anterior resection.
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446. Surgical Management of Colorectal Cancer – Part 1
Surgery 101
After listening to this podcast, learners will be able to: 1. Describe the anatomy and blood supply of the proximal colon. 2. Outline the principles of resection for colon cancer. 3. List what is resected and what is reconnected during a right hemicolectomy. 4. Describe what is required for a successful anastomosis in colorectal surgery.
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446. Surgical Management of Colorectal Cancer – Part 1 NOTES
Surgery 101
PDF Notes for Surgery 101 episode on Surgical Management of Colorectal Cancer – Part 1
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445. Recognizing Stomas
Surgery 101
After listening to this podcast, learners will be able to: 1. Describe different types of stomas, including ileostomy, colostomy, urostomy, and mucus fistula. 2. Explain the indications for a permanent versus temporary ostomy. 3. Evaluate the type of stoma a patient has based on clinical history, location, appearance, and output.
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445. Recognizing Stomas NOTES
Surgery 101
PDF Notes for Surgery 101 episode on Recognizing Stomas
info_outlineIn 1806, physician Philipp Bozzini introduced the Lichtleiter, a candle-lit, mirror-lined instrument designed for direct visual inspection of internal organs—an idea far ahead of its time and initially met with skepticism.
Though dismissed by many contemporaries, the device is now recognized as the first true endoscope, establishing Bozzini as the founder of endoscopy.