Human Meme
The Human Meme podcast examines what separates human consciousness from mere biological existence. Each episode investigates the inherited behaviors, cultural transmissions, and cognitive patterns that replicate across generations, shaping how we think, grieve, speak, and remember. David Boles, a New York City writer, publisher, and teacher, hosts these conversations as mindfulness with teeth: no production music, no easy comfort, only the direct inquiry into what makes us recognizably human. Since 2016, the podcast has asked why we weep emotional tears, how language emerged from gesture, and whether memory constructs or reveals the self. The irrevocable aesthetic is the commitment to answers that, once understood, cannot be unknown. Be a Human Meme.
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The Disposition
07/23/2026
The Disposition
Fractional Fiction, for those of you new to the series, is a discipline as much as a name. Every novel in it grows from a small fraction of documented reality, real texts, real law, real science, real ground, and the fiction rises around that fraction without ever falsifying it. Each book carries exactly one invention, one thing that does not exist, and the notes in the back declare it openly so you always know where the ground ends. Everything else holds. The permits in this book are real permits. A treaty really was signed on the sand at Point No Point in 1855. The six words are the real six words. And the three sources this novel is built on are named in the back matter like load-bearing walls. The first is a real book from 1922 called The Wild Heart, eleven animal sketches of Puget Sound country by a writer named Emma-Lindsay Squier, with an introduction by Gene Stratton-Porter that carries an idea this novel takes as law: a wild thing that stops being afraid of us cannot go home. The second is the oldest family record in Greek literature, Hesiod's Theogony, a list of who was born to whom, in which every generation of gods, warned about its children, devours them, and is replaced anyway. And the third is Dante, read in the English Longfellow made in the years after his wife died, when translating the Inferno was the only room of his grief he could stand in. From Dante the book takes its shape, a teller walking a silent listener down through the rings, and it takes a plea. In the sixth canto, a shade stops the pilgrim and asks for the only afterlife that is real: when you are back in the sweet world, carry me into the minds of other people.
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The Word That Lets You Look
07/20/2026
The Word That Lets You Look
In 2002 a public health director in Newark asked me whether I knew the word nosocomial. I did not. Nor did any of the graduate students in the room I taught the following week. Nosocomial means hospital acquired. It names the illness a patient walks in without and walks out carrying, and medicine has owned the word for more than a century and worn it smooth. This episode is about what a word like that is built to do. Say hospital-acquired infection often enough and it becomes a line item. Call a death a mortality outcome and you have moved it into a spreadsheet, where it can be totaled and compared and discussed on a Tuesday afternoon without anybody's voice breaking. That is cultural code. It replicates, it gets taught, and every time it is spoken it lets decent people look straight at a horror and feel almost nothing. From there the episode goes to Vienna in 1847, to a basin of chlorinated lime, and to a doctor whose colleagues destroyed him for proving that they were the weapon. Then it follows the shape out of the hospital and into the prison, the asylum, the classroom, the parish, and the faith that promised to carry its people out of the world and kept that promise the only way it could. One note on the failed test in this episode. Failing my own rule made the finding harder on hospitals than my original claim was. If that portion of the infection rate is not an irreducible floor, then more of it can be prevented than I had credited, and the institutions have less cover than I gave them. The longer account is in the blog piece is available on BolesBlogs.com DO HARM: Nosocomial Disease and the Institutions That Manufacture the Harm They Promise to Cure is available now from David Boles Books in Kindle and paperback, with a free PDF edition to download. Facts matter.
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The Six Words
07/19/2026
The Six Words
Every rehearsal room I have ever loved kept two smells on staff: scorched coffee and radiator dust. In one of those rooms, years ago, an actor I call Curtis in the book crossed the floor toward me at the end of a long afternoon. He stepped over the spike tape, past the folding table with its script piles, and he stopped inside the working distance that theater people keep the way sailors keep respect for water. Then he said six words, "I want to be your friend." A grown man, saying a sincere and costly thing to another grown man. And I laughed. Two seconds of laugh. Then I answered him with five words of my own: "Haven't we always been friends?"
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The Only Luggage
07/14/2026
The Only Luggage
Twelve thirty-three in the afternoon. Monday, April 28, 2025. The electrical grid of the Iberian Peninsula loses fifteen gigawatts of generation in about five seconds. Spain and Portugal go dark together. Trains stop between stations, on viaducts, in tunnels. Airports fall back on diesel. The Madrid fire service alone logs a hundred and seventy-four elevator rescues. The national tax portal goes down and stays down until Wednesday. Police officers stand in dead intersections and run the traffic with their hands. The shopkeepers who stayed open made change the way their grandmothers had, out loud, coin by coin. Clerks did the arithmetic in their heads while the registers sat blank. Officers directed two capitals' worth of cars with a grammar of gesture older than the signal light. Everything rented from the wire stopped that afternoon. Everything carried kept working.
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Back to Willowbrook
07/12/2026
Back to Willowbrook
The book is history, and the book is news, and the seam between those two things is the subject. Here is the oldest voice in it. In May of 1881, the city of Chicago passed an ordinance declaring that any person "diseased, maimed, mutilated, or in any way deformed" could be fined for being seen on the public way. Being visible was the offense. The law rode the railroads west after that, and in 1889 it arrived in Lincoln, Nebraska, which adopted the Chicago wording nearly letter for letter, down to the dollar fine and the commitment to the county poor farm. Omaha followed a year later. I grew up in Lincoln. I performed on television there as a teenager. Nobody told me my city had once made it a finable offense for certain bodies to stand where I stood. That silence is one of the reasons this book exists.
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Standing at the Rail
07/10/2026
Standing at the Rail
For most of Western history, the word art meant something wider and harder than it means now. Ars in Latin, techne in Greek: a principled, teachable discipline of making and doing, judged by its work. The family album that held the painter also held the physician, the pilot, the general, and the geometer. When Aristotle wrote the Poetics, the small treatise that barely survived antiquity through a cellar, a conqueror's cargo hold, and a chain of translators from Baghdad to Latin Europe, he pulled six working parts out of tragedy: plot, character, thought, diction, song, and spectacle. Mythos, ethos, dianoia, lexis, melos, opsis. Six load-points where a made thing carries weight, and where it can be built sound or built rotten. Then, in the eighteenth century, a wall went up.
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The Line in the Stone
07/08/2026
The Line in the Stone
January, in the year 897. A courtroom in Rome. In the defendant's chair sits a pope who has been dead for nine months. His name was Formosus. The reigning pope ordered the body pulled from its tomb, dressed in full vestments, and propped upright for trial. Church law required that a defendant answer, so the synod supplied a voice: a junior deacon stood beside the throne and replied to the prosecution on the dead man's behalf. The court convicted the corpse, stripped the vestments from it, cut the three blessing fingers from the right hand, and threw what remained into the Tiber. A monk fished the body from the reeds and kept it hidden until saner men could bury it again.
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The Direction of Hope
07/07/2026
The Direction of Hope
I want to start with a red pen. In August of 1977, a volunteer astronomer named Jerry Ehman sat reviewing computer printouts from a radio telescope in Ohio called Big Ear. The telescope had been listening to the sky and printing what it heard as columns of numbers and letters, and most of every page was the quiet hiss of the galaxy. Then Ehman's eye caught a vertical run of six characters, seventy-two seconds of signal at more than thirty times the background of the universe: 6EQUJ5. He circled the sequence in red and wrote one word in the margin. Wow! The signal never repeated. The day after it reached Ohio, Elvis Presley was found unresponsive at Graceland, and the country turned to a different grief. Four days after that, a Titan rocket stood on a Florida launch pad carrying a machine named Voyager, and bolted to its side was a gold-plated phonograph record.
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Held Until Called For
07/06/2026
Held Until Called For
A thousand years ago, the early English law, and the Germanic law behind it, had a word for settling a death. Wergild. Wer, meaning man. Geld, meaning payment. The man-price: a sum owed by the killer, or by the killer's kin, to the family of the killed, scaled to the standing of the dead, and once it was paid, the feud was closed. Grief became arithmetic so that grief would stop becoming graves. The same law kept a darker word beside it. Morð. The killing done in secret, by night, and left unacknowledged. The one killing the whole system could never settle, because a price cannot change hands until the killer has a name, and the debtor of a morð has none. Between those two words there is a gap a thousand years wide, and my new novel lives inside it. The book is called The Wergild. It is the tenth novel of Fractional Fiction, and today I want to tell you what it keeps.
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The Animal We Blame
07/02/2026
The Animal We Blame
Somewhere in the last year, a group you belong to went looking for a villain. Maybe it was a workplace after a project collapsed. Perhaps it was a family after a holiday turned sour, or a whole country after a hard season of news. The group did not sit inside its own failure and ask what everyone in the room had done to cause it. It scanned the faces, found the one person who fit the mood, and set the entire weight of the trouble onto that single back. You felt the air in the room change when it happened. You may have felt the change move through your own chest. The problem had a face now, and a face can be sent away. That move is old. It runs deeper than the workplace and the country, older than writing itself in most of the places where it still survives. And when human beings reach for a body to carry their fear out of the room, they keep reaching for the same shape. A horned animal, dark, a ram or a goat, walked to the edge of the settlement and driven off into the waste with the sickness riding on its skull.
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The Synthetic Cause
07/01/2026
The Synthetic Cause
Start with the word meme, the way Richard Dawkins meant it in 1976, a piece of culture that copies itself from mind to mind and adapts to whatever medium will carry it. By that measure the Lost Cause ranks among the most successful memes this country has produced. Confederate veterans engineered it after the war, men who had lost the fighting and refused to lose the meaning. Jubal Early and the people around him built a version of the war in which slavery was a sideshow, the South fought for high principle, and the enslaved stayed content until Northern armies disturbed them. That version was false when it was written. It won anyway.
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Synalosis: The Shape That Closes
06/28/2026
Synalosis: The Shape That Closes
Two thousand years ago, on a hillside in eastern Gaul, a Roman army under Julius Caesar trapped a Gallic army inside a hill town called Alesia, and then did something stranger than a siege. Caesar built two walls, one facing inward at the men he had caught, to hold them in, the other facing outward at the quarter of a million Gauls marching to break the ring, to keep them out. Miles of timber and ditch, raised in a few weeks, and the object of all that labor was a number: the count of futures still open to the men inside, which the walls drove down to one. The one left them, when the digging was done, was capture.
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The Goldfish that Never Swam
06/24/2026
The Goldfish that Never Swam
This show is about the ideas that copy themselves through us, the ones we carry and hand on without inspecting them, and today's idea is a number. My new book reaches the world this week. It is called The Eighteen-Minute Lie, and it is the biography of a statistic that was never true, followed from the hour someone forged it to the moment it convinced a civilization that it had lost its mind. I spent two years on it, in part because I owed the work. I helped carry the lie. You have heard the louder version of my number, the one that beat mine and traveled the world. The human attention span, it says, has fallen to eight seconds, one tick shorter than a goldfish's. You have met it in a TED talk, on a morning show, inside a slide deck built to sell you the software that will rescue the same focus the previous slide told you that you had lost. It is one of the most repeated figures of the age.
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How a Country Chooses Its Fools
06/22/2026
How a Country Chooses Its Fools
So how did the cartoon win? In the summer of 1925, in a hot courtroom in Dayton, Tennessee, William Jennings Bryan agreed to defend a law against the teaching of evolution. Clarence Darrow put him on the stand and took him apart in front of the country. A newspaperman named H. L. Mencken filed dispatches that turned the old orator into a national figure of fun, and the dispatches were funnier than they were fair. Then Bryan died, five days later, and Mencken wrote an obituary that buried the man before the grave was dug. The prose was brilliant. It was also a kind of murder, a reputation killed while the body was still warm. A play came along a generation on, Inherit the Wind, and finished the job. The meme was sealed, and it has been copying itself ever since.
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Not My Thing
06/19/2026
Not My Thing
In the spring of 1973, in a public school in Lincoln, Nebraska, a teacher handed me a paper armband and told me to wear it for the rest of the day. Mine was blue, and it carried a single printed letter, an "S." The children with brown eyes wore brown bands lettered "M". No one explained the letters to a room of eight-year-olds. I have spent the rest of my life arriving at what they meant. "M" for Master. "S" for Slave. The next morning the roles reversed, and the children who had ruled became the ruled. No one in that room was Black. The teacher said the lesson was empathy. I want to talk today about the book I built out of that morning, and out of fifty years of watching that morning return in new costumes. It is called Not My Thing: How We Teach Cruelty to Cure It, from the Armband to the Diversity Seminar. That armband was one early specimen of a method that has since grown into an industry.
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The Three Boxes
06/16/2026
The Three Boxes
Picture a man in a bright room in a great house. In front of him sit three boxes. One is gold, one is silver, one is lead. He may open exactly one of them. Open the right box and he marries the cleverest and richest woman in the room and clears the debt closing around his friend's neck. Open either of the others and he leaves forever, sworn never to court another woman as long as he lives. The woman who waits for him loves him, and by the terms of her dead father's will she is forbidden to give him the smallest hint. Music plays. He reads the words cut into the three lids, he talks for a while about the gap between how things look and what they are, and he lays his hand on the dullest of the three, the lead, and wins her. That is the casket scene from The Merchant of Venice, and it may be the most rigged fair contest in the English language. Shakespeare wrote it in the fifteen-nineties. It never closed. You walked through a version of it this morning, and you will walk through another one before you sleep tonight.
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The Sound of a Bought Room
06/15/2026
The Sound of a Bought Room
Let me start with a piece of paper. Early in the twentieth century a printed rate card circulated among the opera houses of Italy, a schedule of charges from a claque, one of the applause brigades that worked the great houses of Europe. Approval came in grades, and the grades came at prices. Polite appreciation cost little. Insistence cost more. Down at the luxury end, for a wild ovation at any cost, the price became a sum to be arranged. A psychologist named Robert Cialdini reprinted that tariff decades later in his study of social proof, where it sits among the laboratory findings like a fossil among X-rays, the same animal at two stages of preservation.Now move forward a hundred years. A company in West Palm Beach sold the same product from a drop-down menu, five hundred followers for ten dollars, more than two hundred million of them moved before a newspaper took the operation apart in 2018. The invoice was older than the empire that first printed it.
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The Off Switch
06/11/2026
The Off Switch
Here is the idea at the center of it. Money has come in two families for about as long as we have had money. There is value that travels by possession: the coin, the note, the bill in your pocket that asks nothing of anyone. And there is value that travels by permission: the tally, the ledger, the account entry that moves only when a chain of institutions agrees to move it. Neither family is wicked. A healthy monetary world has always kept both, because each covers the other's failures. The story of our moment is that the first family is being retired, and the second family is being wired to a switch.
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The Nearest Hand
06/10/2026
The Nearest Hand
There is a coin in your pocket right now, and there is an identical coin in someone else's pocket across town, and those two coins are worth different amounts. Same metal, same stamp, same date. The difference between them comes from how each coin arrived. One of them was spent early, while prices still belonged to yesterday. The other arrived late, after the prices had already risen to swallow it. That gap, between the coin in the nearest hand and the coin in the other pocket, is the subject of the book I am holding today.
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The Brittle Self
06/06/2026
The Brittle Self
In the winter of 1393, the King of France gave his court an order that no one knew how to obey. He asked them not to touch him: not to brush against him in a corridor, not to take his arm on the stairs, not to embrace him on his name day. Charles the Sixth had become certain that his body was made of glass, and that one clumsy hand or one careless shoulder would shatter him on the floor of his own palace. He had the front of his clothing reinforced with rods, so that if he fell, the pieces of him might hold together long enough to be gathered up. He was a king at the center of a crowded court, and he spent his days in terror that the people closest to him would break him by accident. It is tempting to file that away as a medieval oddity, a story about one sick man six hundred years gone.
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Beyond the Burial Tree
06/01/2026
Beyond the Burial Tree
In 1868 the office of the Surgeon General put out an order asking Army doctors to gather Native skulls so the size of them could be studied. A grief that any family on earth would know on sight was treated, on the other side of the counter, as a research opportunity. The dead became holdings. An ancestor became an object that a stranger could keep, study, and decline to return. I anchor the book in the Pawnee because their story shows you the whole machine in one place. These were a people who read their own lives in the stars. The Skidi band, the Wolf people, built their earth lodges as small models of the heavens, with four posts for the four stars that hold up the corners of the sky, and they watched the Pleiades come through the smoke hole to know when to plant.
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In My Mind I'm Standing Up
05/31/2026
In My Mind I'm Standing Up
The subject is recantation: the coerced word, the public taking back of a belief by a person who has been given no real choice. We use the word recant without hearing what is buried inside it. It comes from the Latin for singing again. To recant is to sing your own song over, backward, in front of the people who marched you to the microphone. A confession of error that someone else wrote. An apology the speaker does not mean, in a room where everyone knows he does not mean it. The act has a sound, and the sound is a voice saying the opposite of what its owner believes, out loud, so the saying can be witnessed. Once you start listening for that sound, you hear it everywhere.
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The Mask in the Glass Case
05/27/2026
The Mask in the Glass Case
I want to tell you about a clay mask. It sits in a glass case at the British Museum, in the Mesopotamian galleries. The mask is approximately three thousand eight hundred years old, made in southern Iraq during the Old Babylonian period. Its face was made to terrify. The hair tangles into serpentine coils across the brow. The grin is bared, with one tooth chipped on the left side. Hooded sockets sink the eyes into darkness. Time has cracked the surface of the clay in seven places that I have counted. That mask was paid for. Someone took silver from a temple administrator's hand and walked it across the city to a workshop, where a craftsman took clay and pigment and several days of his working life and converted them into a monster. The monster was a job. The figure left the workshop on the back of a delivery cart, settled by an invoice that the temple's accountants logged in their cuneiform ledgers. We do not know who the patron was. The artisan is also anonymous to us. The tablets that recorded the rate structures of the Old Babylonian craft economy survive in archives in London and Chicago and Berlin, and those tablets establish that the transaction happened, even though the specific contract for this specific mask has not survived.
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Tomorrow as Tribute
05/21/2026
Tomorrow as Tribute
The simple argument is the trade. Across more than a dozen contemporary cases, voter populations have agreed to trade the material future of their political communities for the maintenance of a fantasy past. The trade is voluntary. The costs include dead soldiers, dismantled institutions, scientific apparatus lost across decades, and democratic procedures captured by movements that openly oppose them. Voters know the costs. They have decided that the costs are worth it. The difficult argument comes after that recognition. Once you accept that the trade is voluntary, you cannot organize around the assumption that the voters have been tricked. You also cannot organize around the assumption that better information will change their minds. The voters know what they are doing. They are participants in a transaction they understand at the level that matters to them. They are buying something. Today we ask what the something is, and what it would take to offer them a better deal.
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What Was Kept From You
05/10/2026
What Was Kept From You
There was a moment in your life when you found out. Maybe you were eleven, and a cousin let something slip at a family dinner. Perhaps it happened at thirty-four, going through a parent's papers after a funeral, when a folder you were not supposed to open contained a name you had never heard. Or you were fifty-eight, and a half-sister you did not know you had appeared in your DNA results. The detail varies from one person to the next. What stays constant is the texture of the moment. The room reorganizes itself. Around it, the faces of the people who had known reorganize along with the room. And then the realization arrives, that the world you had been living in was a smaller version of the world, edited for you, by people who had decided what you could be told and when. I want to talk right now about what it means to sit on the receiving end of a structural decision someone else has made about your knowledge. The decisions where a person, or a committee, or an institution, looks at another human being and decides that the truth would not serve them. That the truth will be administered later, in doses, on a schedule the person being administered to did not consent to and cannot see.
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The River and the Trained Eye
05/05/2026
The River and the Trained Eye
I keep walking past the same stretch of river. Most days I cross over it. Sometimes I stop. There is a place along the New Jersey side of the Hudson where you can stand and see the water moving in two directions at the same time, depending on where you fix your eyes. The surface goes one way. Beneath it, the deeper current is going the other way. The Mohican word for the river is Muhheakantuck. It means the waters that are never still. When you say the word, you have already been told what to look for. This is what I have been thinking about for the last several months, while finishing a book that came out this week. The book is called RelationShaping: Field Studies. It is the companion volume to The Scientific Aesthetic, and it asks one question across ten different settings: what changes about a person when they become trained to see something the rest of us walk past? The book's working claim is that relational seeing is a competence. A real competence, the kind you acquire the way a child acquires reading. Reading is acquired somewhere in the practice. After several thousand hours of reading across genres, against difficulty, with attention, the capacity arrives. There is no moment to point to. Sentences just appear and you know what they say. Reading French is the same. The capacity arrives somewhere in the reading itself, after the exercise sets are done, after several thousand pages have crossed the eye against difficulty.
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The Painters of 1839 and the Question of Now
05/01/2026
The Painters of 1839 and the Question of Now
Paris, August nineteenth, eighteen thirty-nine. François Arago, perpetual secretary of the Académie des Sciences, stands at a joint session of the Académie des Sciences and the Académie des Beaux-Arts. He reads into the record the technical details of Louis Daguerre's photographic process. The French state has acquired the rights from Daguerre and Isidore Niépce in exchange for life pensions of six thousand francs per year and four thousand francs per year. Sunlight, Arago tells the chamber, can now be made to draw its own pictures. Within weeks the satirical press of Paris is mocking photographers as mechanics, copyists, charlatans. Paul Delaroche, the academic history painter at the height of his reputation, is reported, perhaps apocryphally, to have said: from this day, painting is dead. Twenty years later Charles Baudelaire writes the canonical hostile statement. He wants photography kept in its place. Useful for documenting monuments, useful for assisting the working artist, excluded from the category of art. The painters of 1839 were wrong. They were also partly right.
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UNDERWRITTEN
04/24/2026
UNDERWRITTEN
I want to start with four seconds. If you watched public television anywhere in the United States between 1971 and January of this year, you know these four seconds. A human face in profile, rendered first in the three colors of mid-century corporate design, recast in 1984 as a trio of interlocking faces on a field of white. Six synthesizer notes descending, resolving to a sustained major ninth chord. A voice that said three words. This is PBS. The sequence took less than four seconds. Before it ran: documentaries, children's programming, nature films, dramatic adaptations of novels too difficult for commercial television to attempt. News came after it. Cooking instruction followed. Home-improvement demonstration, classical music, weather announcements on rural affiliates, local public-affairs segments, national programming from Omaha and Boise and Portland and Lincoln, Nebraska, all carrying the same four-second preamble.
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The Apothecary Who Was Not Written
04/20/2026
The Apothecary Who Was Not Written
Shakespeare wrote the apothecary twenty lines and then disappeared him from the text. Think about what that means for a moment. Romeo, banished to Mantua, walks into a shop and asks a starving man to sell him poison. The apothecary refuses. The apothecary cites the law. Mantua punishes the sale of such drugs with death. Romeo counters that the world affords no law to make him rich. Forty ducats change hands. A vial changes hands. Romeo leaves. Shakespeare's attention returns to Verona, to the tomb, to the reconciliation of the feuding houses. The apothecary remains in his shop. He has forty ducats on the counter. He has just committed a capital crime. Nobody has ever asked him what happened next.
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The Claimed Body
04/17/2026
The Claimed Body
1862. That is the year Abraham Lincoln signed the Homestead Act. The Act said that any American willing to settle on 160 acres of public land, live there for five years, and improve the parcel, could file a claim and receive title. Between 1862 and 1976, when the Federal Land Policy and Management Act finally repealed the Homestead Act in the contiguous states, the United States distributed approximately 270 million acres of continental North America through this mechanism of the registered claim. The claim, the parcel, the boundary line, the survey marker. That is how the American imagination learned to think about territory. My new book, The Claimed Body: How American Institutions Divided the Human Organism Among Themselves, argues that the American body is now claimed the same way. Not metaphorically. Structurally. The body you are sitting in right now, the body listening to my voice, is divided among institutional claimants who have filed on portions of it with the same legal and procedural logic that once divided the continent. A hospital claims your birth. A school claims your developmental measurements. An insurer claims your diagnostic history. An employer claims your labor capacity and your drug screens. The state claims your reproductive eligibility and your military eligibility. If the criminal claim succeeds, a prison claims your physical presence. At the other end of life, a dying registry claims the moment of your cessation, and a funeral corporation claims the disposal of your remains. Operating in the shadow of all of these, a data broker claims an ongoing right to your metabolic patterns, your consumption patterns, your grief patterns, your sleep patterns, your pharmaceutical patterns, and sells them forward to whoever will pay.
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