Conversations with Tyler
Tyler Cowen engages today’s deepest thinkers in wide-ranging explorations of their work, the world, and everything in between. New conversations every other Wednesday. Subscribe wherever you get your podcasts.
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Blake Scholl on Supersonic Flight and Fixing Broken Infrastructure - Live at the Progress Conference
11/19/2025
Blake Scholl on Supersonic Flight and Fixing Broken Infrastructure - Live at the Progress Conference
Blake Scholl is one of the leading figures working to bring back civilian supersonic flight. As the founder and CEO of Boom Supersonic, he’s building a new generation of supersonic aircraft and pushing for the policies needed to make commercial supersonic travel viable again. But he's equally as impressive as someone who thinks systematically about improving dysfunction—whether it's airport design, traffic congestion, or defense procurement—and sees creative solutions to problems everyone else has learned to accept. Tyler and Blake discuss why airport terminals should be underground, why every road needs a toll, what's wrong with how we board planes, the contrasting cultures of Amazon and Groupon, why Concorde and Apollo were impressive tech demos but terrible products, what Ayn Rand understood about supersonic transport in 1957, what's wrong with aerospace manufacturing, his heuristic when confronting evident stupidity, his technique for mastering new domains, how LLMs are revolutionizing regulatory paperwork, and much more. Recorded live at the Progress Conference, hosted by the Roots of Progress Institute. Special thanks to Big Think for the video production. Read a enhanced with helpful links, or watch the on the new dedicated Conversations with Tyler channel. Recorded October 18th, 2025. Other ways to connect Follow us on and Follow on X Follow on X Join our Email us: Learn more about Conversations with Tyler and other Mercatus Center podcasts . Photo Credit: Jeremi Rebecca
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Donald S. Lopez Jr. on Buddhism
11/12/2025
Donald S. Lopez Jr. on Buddhism
for the Austin listener meetup Donald S. Lopez Jr. is among the foremost scholars of Buddhism, whose work consistently distinguishes Buddhist reality from Western fantasy. A professor at the University of Michigan and author of numerous essential books on Buddhist thought and practice, he's spent decades studying Sanskrit and Tibetan texts, including a formative year spent living in a Tibetan monastery in India. His latest book, The Buddha: Biography of a Myth, tackles the formidable challenge of understanding what we can actually know about the historical Buddha. Tyler and Donald discuss the Buddha's 32 bodily marks, whether he died of dysentery, what sets the limits of the Buddha's omniscience, the theological puzzle of sacred power in an atheistic religion, Buddhism's elaborate system of hells and hungry ghosts, how 19th-century European atheists invented the "peaceful" Buddhism we know today, whether the axial age theory holds up, what happened to the Buddha's son Rahula, Buddhism’s global decline, the evidently effective succession process for Dalai Lamas, how a guy from New Jersey created the Tibetan Book of the Dead, what makes Zen Buddhism theologically unique, why Thailand is the wealthiest Buddhist country, where to go on a three-week Buddhist pilgrimage, how Donald became a scholar of Buddhism after abandoning his plans to study Shakespeare, his dream of translating Buddhist stories into new dramatic forms, and more. Read a enhanced with helpful links, or watch the on the new dedicated Conversations with Tyler channel. Recorded October 6th, 2025. Other ways to connect Follow us on and Follow on X Join our Email us: Learn more about Conversations with Tyler and other Mercatus Center podcasts . This episode was made possible through the support of the John Templeton Foundation.
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Sam Altman on Trust, Persuasion, and the Future of Intelligence - Live at the Progress Conference
11/05/2025
Sam Altman on Trust, Persuasion, and the Future of Intelligence - Live at the Progress Conference
for the Austin listener meetup Sam Altman makes his second appearance on the show to discuss how he's managing OpenAI's explosive growth, what he's learned about hiring hardware people, what makes roon special, how far they are from an AI-driven replacement to Slack, what GPT-6 might enable for scientific research, when we'll see entire divisions of companies run mostly by AI, what he looks for in hires to gauge their AI-resistance, how OpenAI is thinking about commerce, whether GPT-6 will write great poetry, why energy is the binding constraint to chip-building and where it’ll come from, his updated plan for how he'd revitalize St. Louis, why he's not worried about teaching normies to use AI, what will happen to the price of healthcare and hosing, his evolving views on freedom of expression, why accidental AI persuasion worries him more than intentional takeover, the question he posed to the Dalai Lama about superintelligence, and more. Recorded live at the Progress Conference, hosted by the Roots of Progress Institute. Special thanks to Big Think for the video production. Read a enhanced with helpful links, or watch the on the new dedicated Conversations with Tyler channel. Recorded October 17th, 2025. Other ways to connect Follow us on and Follow on X Follow on X Join our Email us: Learn more about Conversations with Tyler and other Mercatus Center podcasts . Photo Credit: Jeremi Rebecca
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Jonny Steinberg on South African Crime and Punishment, the Mandelas' Marriage, and the Post-Apartheid Era
10/28/2025
Jonny Steinberg on South African Crime and Punishment, the Mandelas' Marriage, and the Post-Apartheid Era
Tyler considers Winnie and Nelson: Portrait of a Marriage one of the best books of the last decade, and its author Jonny Steinberg one of the most underrated writers and thinkers—in North America, at least. Steinberg's particular genius lies in getting uncomfortably close to difficult truths through immersive research—spending 350 hours in police ride-alongs, years studying prison gangs and their century-old oral histories, following a Somali refugee's journey across East Africa—and then rendering what he finds with a novelist's emotional insight. Tyler and Jonny discuss why South African police only feel comfortable responding to domestic violence calls, how to fix policing, the ghettoization of crime, how prison gangs regulate behavior through century-old rituals, how apartheid led to mass incarceration and how it manifested in prisons, why Nelson Mandela never really knew his wife Winnie and the many masks they each wore, what went wrong with the ANC, why the judiciary maintained its independence but not its quality, whether Tyler should buy land in Durban, the art scene in Johannesburg, how COVID gave statism a new lease on life, why the best South African novels may still be ahead, his forthcoming biography of Cecil Rhodes, why English families weren't foolish to move to Rhodesia in the 1920s, where to take an ideal two-week trip around South Africa, and more. Read a enhanced with helpful links, or watch the on the new dedicated Conversations with Tyler channel. Recorded September 29th, 2025. Other ways to connect Follow us on and Follow on X Join our Email us: Learn more about Conversations with Tyler and other Mercatus Center podcasts . Timestamps: 00:00:40 – Policing and crime in South Africa 00:11:15 – Prison culture 00:22:04 – Nelson and Winnie Mandela’s marriage 00:24:47 – Was Winnie Mandela just a bad person? 00:29:20 – Nelson Mandela’s masks 00:32:04 – Mandela’s legacy and the ANC 00:36:51 – Reasons for optimism in South Africa 00:50:58 – His forthcoming biography of Cecil Rhodes 00:55:15 – Where to visit in South Africa
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George Selgin on the New Deal, Regime Uncertainty, and What Really Ended the Great Depression
10/15/2025
George Selgin on the New Deal, Regime Uncertainty, and What Really Ended the Great Depression
George Selgin has spent over four decades thinking about money, banking, and economic history, and Tyler has known him for nearly all of it. Selgin's new book False Dawn: The New Deal and the Promise of Recovery, 1933–1947 examines what the New Deal actually accomplished—and failed to accomplish—in confronting the Great Depression. Tyler and George discuss the surprising lack of fiscal and monetary stimulus in the New Deal, whether revaluing gold was really the best path to economic reflation, how much Glass-Steagall and other individual parts of the New Deal mattered, Keynes’ "very sound" advice to Roosevelt, why Hayek's analysis fell short, whether America would've done better with a more concentrated banking sector, how well the quantity theory of money holds up, his vision for a "night watchman" Fed, how many countries should dollarize, whether stablecoins should be allowed to pay interest, his stake in a fractional-reserve Andalusian donkey ownership scheme, why his Spanish vocabulary is particularly strong on plumbing, his ambivalence about the eurozone, what really got America out of the Great Depression, and more. Read a enhanced with helpful links, or watch the on the new dedicated Conversations with Tyler channel. Recorded September 26th, 2025. Other ways to connect Follow us on and Follow on X Follow on X Join our Email us: Learn more about Conversations with Tyler and other Mercatus Center podcasts . Photo Credit: Richie Downs
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John Amaechi on Leadership, the NBA, and Being Gay in Professional Sports
10/01/2025
John Amaechi on Leadership, the NBA, and Being Gay in Professional Sports
John Amaechi is a former NBA forward/center who became a chartered scientist, professor of leadership at Exeter Business School, and New York Times bestselling author. His newest book, It's Not Magic: The Ordinary Skills of Exceptional Leaders, argues that leadership isn't bestowed or innate, it's earned through deliberate skill development. Tyler and John discuss whether business culture is defined by the worst behavior tolerated, what rituals leadership requires, the quality of leadership in college basketball and consulting, why Doc Rivers started some practices at midnight, his childhood identification with the Hunchback of Notre Dame and retreat into science fiction, whether Yoda was actually a terrible leader, why he turned down $17 million from the Lakers, how mental blocks destroyed his shooting and how he overcame them, what he learned from Jerry Sloan's cruelty versus Karl Malone's commitment, what percentage of NBA players truly love the game, the experience of being gay in the NBA and why so few male athletes come out, when London peaked, why he loved Scottsdale but had to leave, the physical toll of professional play, the career prospects for 2nd tier players, what distinguishes him from other psychologists, why personality testing is "absolute bollocks," what he plans to do next, and more. Read a enhanced with helpful links, or watch the on the new dedicated Conversations with Tyler channel. Recorded September 15th, 2025. Other ways to connect Follow us on and Follow on X Follow on X Join our Email us: Learn more about Conversations with Tyler and other Mercatus Center podcasts .
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Steven Pinker on Coordination, Common Knowledge, and the Retreat of Liberal Enlightenment
09/24/2025
Steven Pinker on Coordination, Common Knowledge, and the Retreat of Liberal Enlightenment
Steven Pinker returns to Conversations with Tyler with an argument that common knowledge—those infinite loops of "I know that you know that I know"—is the hidden infrastructure that enables human coordination, from accepting paper money to toppling dictators. But Tyler wonders: if most real-world coordination works fine without recursively looping (a glance at a traffic circle), if these models break down with the slightest change in assumptions, and if anonymous internet posters are making correct but uncomfortable truths common knowledge when society might function better with noble lies, is Pinker's theory really capturing how coordination works—and might we actually need less common knowledge, not more? Tyler and Steven probe these dimensions of common knowledge—Schelling points, differential knowledge, benign hypocrisies like a whisky bottle in a paper bag—before testing whether rational people can actually agree (spoiler: they can't converge on Hitchcock rankings despite Aumann's theorem), whether liberal enlightenment will reignite and why, what stirring liberal thinkers exist under the age 55, why only a quarter of Harvard students deserve A's, how large language models implicitly use linguistic insights while ignoring linguistic theory, his favorite track on Rubber Soul, what he’ll do next, and more. Read a enhanced with helpful links, or watch the on the new dedicated Conversations with Tyler channel. Recorded September 12th, 2025. This episode was made possible through the support of the John Templeton Foundation. Other ways to connect Follow us on and Follow on X Follow on X Join our Email us: Learn more about Conversations with Tyler and other Mercatus Center podcasts .
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David Commins on Saudi Arabia, Wahhabism, and the Future of the Gulf States
09/17/2025
David Commins on Saudi Arabia, Wahhabism, and the Future of the Gulf States
David Commins, author of the new book Saudi Arabia: A Modern History, brings decades of scholarship and firsthand experience to explain the kingdom's unlikely rise. Tyler and David discuss why Wahhabism was essential for Saudi state-building, the treatment of Shiites in the Eastern Province and whether discrimination has truly ended, why the Saudi state emerged from its poorer and least cosmopolitan regions, the lasting significance of the 1979 Grand Mosque seizure by millenarian extremists, what’s kept Gulf states stable, the differing motivations behind Saudi sports investments, the disappointing performance of King Abdullah University of Science and Technology despite its $10 billion endowment, the main barrier to improving its k-12 education, how Yemen became the region's outlier of instability and whether Saudi Arabia learned from its mistakes there, the Houthis' unclear strategic goals, the prospects for the kingdom's post-oil future, the topic of David’s next book, and more. Read a enhanced with helpful links, or watch the on the new dedicated Conversations with Tyler channel. Recorded August 22nd, 2025. This episode was made possible through the support of the John Templeton Foundation. Other ways to connect Follow us on and Follow on X Join our Email us: Learn more about Conversations with Tyler and other Mercatus Center podcasts .
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Seamus Murphy on Photographing Patterns Across Cultures
09/03/2025
Seamus Murphy on Photographing Patterns Across Cultures
Seamus Murphy is an Irish photographer and filmmaker who has spent decades documenting life in some of the world's most challenging places—from Taliban-controlled Afghanistan to Nigeria's Boko Haram territories. Having left recession-era Ireland in the 1980s to teach himself photography in American darkrooms, Murphy has become that rare artist who moves seamlessly between conflict zones and recording studios, creating books of Afghan women's poetry while directing music videos that anticipated Brexit. Tyler and Seamus discuss the optimistic case for Afghanistan, his biggest fear when visiting any conflict zone, how photography has shaped perceptions of Afghanistan, why Russia reminded him of pre-Celtic Tiger Ireland, how the Catholic Church's influence collapsed so suddenly in Ireland, why he left Ireland in the 1980s, what shapes Americans impression of Ireland, living part-time in Kolkata and what the future holds for that “slightly dying” but culturally vibrant city, his near-death encounters with Boko Haram in Nigeria, the visual similarities between Michigan and Russia, working with PJ Harvey on Let England Shake and their travels to Kosovo and Afghanistan together, his upcoming film about an Afghan family he's documented for thirty years, and more. Read a enhanced with helpful links, or watch the on the new dedicated Conversations with Tyler channel. Recorded August 21st, 2025. Help keep the show ad free by today! Other ways to connect Follow us on and Follow on X Join our Email us: Learn more about Conversations with Tyler and other Mercatus Center podcasts .
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David Brooks on Audacity, AI, and the American Psyche (Live at 92NY)
08/20/2025
David Brooks on Audacity, AI, and the American Psyche (Live at 92NY)
David Brooks returns to the show with a stark diagnosis of American culture. Having evolved from a Democratic socialist to a neoconservative to what he now calls "the rightward edge of the leftward tendency," Brooks argues that America's core problems aren't economic but sociological—rooted in the destruction of our "secure base" of family, community, and moral order that once gave people existential security. Tyler and David cover why young people are simultaneously the most rejected and most productive generation, smartphones and sex, the persuasiveness of AI vs novels, the loss of audacity, what made William F. Buckley and Milton Friedman great mentors, why academics should embrace the epistemology of the interview, the evolving status of neoconservatism, what Trump gets right, whether only war or mass movements can revive the American psyche, what will end the fertility crisis, the subject of his book, listener questions, and much more. Read a enhanced with helpful links, or watch the on the new dedicated Conversations with Tyler channel. Recorded July 22nd, 2025. This episode was made possible through the support of the John Templeton Foundation. Help keep the show ad free by today! Other ways to connect Follow us on and Follow on X Follow on X Join our Email us: Learn more about Conversations with Tyler and other Mercatus Center podcasts . Photo Credit: Vladimir Kolesnikov/Michael Priest Photography
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Nate Silver on Life’s Mixed Strategies
08/13/2025
Nate Silver on Life’s Mixed Strategies
In his third appearance on Conversations with Tyler, Nate Silver looks back at past predictions, weighs how academic ideas such as expected utility theory fare in practice, and examines the world of sports through the lens of risk and prediction. Tyler and Nate dive into expected utility theory and random Nash equilibria in poker, whether Silver's tell-reading abilities transfer to real-world situations like NBA games, why academic writing has disappointed him, his move from atheism to agnosticism, the meta-rationality of risk-taking, electoral systems and their flaws, 2028 presidential candidates, why he thinks superforecasters will continue to outperform AI for the next decade, why more athletes haven't come out as gay, redesigning the NBA, what mentors he needs now, the cultural and psychological peculiarities of Bay area intellectual communities, why Canada can't win a Stanley Cup, the politics of immigration in Europe and America, what he'll work on next, and more. Read a enhanced with helpful links, or watch the on the new dedicated Conversations with Tyler channel. Recorded July 23rd, 2025. Help keep the show ad free by today! Other ways to connect Follow us on and Follow on X Follow on X Join our Email us: Learn more about Conversations with Tyler and other Mercatus Center podcasts .
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Annie Jacobsen on Nuclear War, Intelligence Operations, and Conspiracy Realities
08/06/2025
Annie Jacobsen on Nuclear War, Intelligence Operations, and Conspiracy Realities
Annie Jacobsen has a favorite word for America's nuclear doctrine: madness. It's madness that any single person has six minutes to decide the fate of civilization, madness that we've built weapons capable of ending the world in 72 minutes, and madness that everything hangs by the thread of deterrence. But to Tyler, life is "a lot of different kinds of madness," and the real question is simply getting the least harmful form available to us. It's a conversation sparked by her latest book Nuclear War: A Scenario, which Tyler calls one of his favorites from last year—and which is compelling enough that Denis Villeneuve is turning it into a screenplay. Tyler and Annie explore whether we should be more afraid of nuclear weapons or if fear itself raises the risks, who should advise presidents during the six-minute decision window, whether moving toward disarmament makes us safer or more vulnerable, what Thomas Schelling really meant about nuclear war and rational actors, the probability that America would retaliate after a nuclear attack, the chances of intercepting a single incoming ICBM, why missile defense systems can't replicate Israel's Iron Dome success, how Pakistan-India nuclear tensions could escalate, why she's surprised domestic drone attacks haven't happened yet, her reporting on JFK assassination mysteries and deathbed phone calls, her views on UFOs and the dark human experiments at Area 51, what motivates intelligence community operators, her encounters with Uri Geller and CIA psychic research, what she’s working on next, and more. Read a enhanced with helpful links, or watch the on the new dedicated Conversations with Tyler channel. Recorded May 19th, 2025. Help keep the show ad free by today! Other ways to connect Follow us on and Follow on X Follow on X Join our Email us: Learn more about Conversations with Tyler and other Mercatus Center podcasts .
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Helen Castor on Medieval Power and Personalities
07/23/2025
Helen Castor on Medieval Power and Personalities
Helen Castor is a British historian and BBC broadcaster who left Cambridge because she wanted to write narrative history focused on individuals rather than the analytical style typical of academia. As someone interested in individual psychology and the functioning of power, Castor finds medieval England offers the perfect setting because its sophisticated power structures exist in “bare bones” without the “great apparatus of state,” bringing individual power plays into sharper relief. Her latest book, , exemplifies this approach by examining Richard II and Henry IV as individuals whose personal choices became constitutional precedents that echo through English history. Tyler and Helen explore what English government could and couldn't do in the 14th century, why landed nobles obeyed the king, why parliament chose to fund wars with France, whether England could have won the Hundred Years' War, the constitutional precedents set by Henry IV's deposition of Richard II, how Shakespeare's Richard II scandalized Elizabethan audiences, Richard's superb artistic taste versus Henry's lack, why Chaucer suddenly becomes possible in this period, whether Richard II's fatal trip to Ireland was like Captain Kirk beaming down to a hostile planet, how historians continue to discover new evidence about the period, how Shakespeare’s Henriad influences our historical understanding, Castor’s most successful work habits, what she finds fascinating about Asimov's I, Robot, the subject of her next book, and more. Read a enhanced with helpful links, or watch the on the new dedicated Conversations with Tyler channel. Recorded April 2nd, 2025. Help keep the show ad free by today! Other ways to connect Follow us on and Follow on X Follow on X Join our Email us: Learn more about Conversations with Tyler and other Mercatus Center podcasts . Photo Credit: Stuart Simpson
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David Robertson on Conducting, Pierre Boulez, and Musical Interpretation
07/09/2025
David Robertson on Conducting, Pierre Boulez, and Musical Interpretation
David Robertson is a rare conductor who unites avant-garde complexity with accessibility. After serving as music director of the Ensemble Intercontemporain, Pierre Boulez’s storied contemporary-music ensemble, he went on to rejuvenate the St. Louis Symphony. Robertson combines a fearless approach to challenging scores with a deep empathy for audiences. Tyler and David explore Pierre Boulez's centenary and the emotional depths beneath his reputation for severity, whether Boulez is better understood as a surrealist or a serialist composer, the influence of non-Western music like gamelan on Boulez's compositions, the challenge of memorizing contemporary scores, whether Boulez's music still sounds contemporary after decades, where skeptics should start with Boulez, how conductors connect with players during a performance, the management lessons of conducting, which orchestra sections posed Robertson the greatest challenges, how he and other conductors achieve clarity of sound, what conductors should read beyond music books, what Robertson enjoys in popular music, how national audiences differ from others, how Robertson first discovered classical music, why he insists on conducting the 1911 version of Stravinsky's Petrushka rather than the 1947 revision, and more. Read a enhanced with helpful links, or watch the on the new dedicated Conversations with Tyler channel. Recorded March 12th, 2025. Help keep the show ad free by today! Other ways to connect Follow us on and Follow on X Join our Email us: Learn more about Conversations with Tyler and other Mercatus Center podcasts . Photo Credit: Chris Lee
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Austan Goolsbee on Central Banking as a Data Dog
06/25/2025
Austan Goolsbee on Central Banking as a Data Dog
Austan Goolsbee is one of Tyler Cowen’s favorite economists—not because they always agree, but because Goolsbee embodies what it means to think like an economist. Whether he’s analyzing productivity slowdowns in the construction sector, exploring the impact of taxes on digital commerce, or poking holes in overconfident macro narratives, Goolsbee is consistently sharp, skeptical, and curious. A longtime professor at the University of Chicago’s Booth School and former chair of the Council of Economic Advisers under President Obama, Goolsbee now brings that intellectual discipline—and a healthy dose of humor—to his role as president of the Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago. Tyler and Austan explore what theoretical frameworks Goolsbee uses for understanding inflation, why he’s skeptical of monetary policy rules, whether post-pandemic inflation was mostly from the demand or supply side, the proliferation of stablecoins and shadow banking, housing prices and construction productivity, how microeconomic principles apply to managing a regional Fed bank, whether the structure of the Federal Reserve system should change, AI's role in banking supervision and economic forecasting, stablecoins and CBDCs, AI's productivity potential over the coming decades, his secret to beating Ted Cruz in college debates, and more. Read a enhanced with helpful links, or watch the on the new dedicated Conversations with Tyler channel. Recorded March 3rd, 2025. Help keep the show ad free by today! Other ways to connect Follow us on and Follow on X Follow on X Join our Email us: Learn more about Conversations with Tyler and other Mercatus Center podcasts .
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Chris Arnade on Walking Cities
06/18/2025
Chris Arnade on Walking Cities
Most people who leave Wall Street after twenty years either retire or find another way to make a lot of money. Chris Arnade chose to walk through cities most travelers never truly see. What emerged from this approach is a unique form of street-level sociology that has attracted a devoted following on . Arnade's work suggests that our most sophisticated methods of understanding the world might be missing something essential that can only be discovered by moving slowly through space and letting strangers tell you, their stories. Tyler and Chris discuss how Beijing and Shanghai reveal different forms of authoritarian control through urban design, why Seoul's functional dysfunction makes it more appealing than Tokyo's efficiency, favorite McDonald’s locations around the world, the dimensions for properly assessing a city’s walkability, what Chris packs for long urban jaunts, why he’s not interested in walking the countryside, what travel has taught him about people and culture, what makes the Faroe Islands and El Paso so special, where he has no desire to go, the good and bad of working on Wall Street, the role of pigeons and snapping turtles in his life, finding his 1,000 true fans on Substack, whether museums are interesting, what set him on this current journey, and more. Read a enhanced with helpful links, or watch the on the new dedicated CWT channel. Recorded February 27th, 2025. Help keep the show ad free by today! Other ways to connect Follow us on and Follow on X Follow on X Join our Email us: Learn more about Conversations with Tyler and other Mercatus Center podcasts . Photo Credit: Bryan Jones
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Any Austin on the Hermeneutics of Video Games
06/11/2025
Any Austin on the Hermeneutics of Video Games
Any Austin has carved a unique niche for himself on YouTube: analyzing seemingly mundane or otherwise overlooked details in video games with the seriousness of an art critic examining Renaissance sculptures. With millions of viewers hanging on his every word about fluvial flows in Breath of the Wild or unemployment rates in the towns of Skyrim, Austin has become what Tyler calls "the very best in the world at the hermeneutics of infrastructure within video games." But Austin's deeper mission is teaching us to think analytically about everything we encounter, and to replace gaming culture's obsession with technical specs and comparative analysis with a deeper aesthetic appreciation that asks simply: what are we looking at, and what does it reveal? Tyler and Austin explore the value of the YouTube algorithm, what he notices now about real-world infrastructure, whether he perceives glitches IRL, why AI-generated art is getting less interesting, how the value of historical context differs between artistic forms, an aesthetic abundance agenda for nuclear power, the trajectory of video game quality since the 80s, whether the pace of seminal game releases has slowed, the relative value of commentary to the games themselves, why virtual reality adds nothing meaningful to the gaming experience, what’s wrong with most video game analysis, what to eat in New Orleans, Tyler’s gaming history, and more. Read a enhanced with helpful links, or watch the on the new dedicated CWT channel. Recorded March 7th, 2025. Help keep the show ad free by today! Other ways to connect Follow us on and Follow on X Join our Email us: Learn more about Conversations with Tyler and other Mercatus Center podcasts .
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John Arnold on Trading, Energy, and Evidence-Based Philanthropy
06/04/2025
John Arnold on Trading, Energy, and Evidence-Based Philanthropy
John Arnold built his fortune in energy trading by surrounding himself with smart people, maintaining emotional detachment, sensing market imbalances through first-principles analysis, and focusing with laser intensity on a single niche until he dominated it completely. Now he's applying that same analytical rigor to philanthropy, where he's discovered that changing human behavior for the long term proves far more challenging than predicting natural gas prices, and that the academic research meant to guide social policy is often riddled with perverse incentives and poor methodology. Tyler and John discuss his shift from trading to philanthropy and more, including the specific traits that separate great traders from good ones, the tradeoffs of following an "inch wide, mile deep" trading philosophy, why he attended Vanderbilt, the talent culture at Enron, the growth in solar, the problem with Mexico’s energy system, where Canada’s energy exports will go, the hurdles to next-gen nuclear, how to fix America’s tripartite energy grid, how we’ll power new data centers, what’s best about living in Houston, his approach to collecting art, why trading’s easier than philanthropy, how he’d fix tax the US tax code and primary system, and what Arnold Ventures is focusing on next. Read a enhanced with helpful links, or watch the . Recorded April 28th, 2025. Help keep the show ad free by today! Other ways to connect Follow us on and Follow on X Follow on X Join our Email us: Learn more about Conversations with Tyler and other Mercatus Center podcasts .
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Theodore Schwartz on Neurosurgery, Consciousness, and Brain-Computer Interfaces
05/21/2025
Theodore Schwartz on Neurosurgery, Consciousness, and Brain-Computer Interfaces
Get to the CWT live show at 92NY with David Brooks! Theodore Schwartz stands at the pinnacle of neurosurgical expertise. With over 500 published articles, 200 pieces of commentary, and 5 patents to his name—effectively producing a scholarly work every two weeks for three decades—Schwartz spent most of his career at Weill Cornell Medicine, where he pioneered new minimally-invasive surgical techniques and led the Epilepsy Research Laboratory, among many (many) other things. His recent book offers readers an insider's view of one of medicine's most demanding specialties. Tyler and Ted discuss how the training for a neurosurgeon could be shortened, the institutional factors preventing AI from helping more in neurosurgery, how to pick a good neurosurgeon, the physical and mental demands of the job, why so few women are currently in the field, whether the brain presents the ultimate bottleneck to radical life extension, why he thinks free will is an illusion, the success of deep brain stimulation as a treatment for neurological conditions, the promise of brain-computer interfaces, what studying epilepsy taught him about human behavior, the biggest bottleneck limiting progress in brain surgery, why he thinks Lee Harvey Oswald acted alone, the Ted Schwartz production function, the new company he’s starting, and much more. Read a enhanced with helpful links, or watch the . Recorded January 31st, 2025. Help keep the show ad free by today! Other ways to connect Follow us on and Follow on X Follow on X Join our Email us: Learn more about Conversations with Tyler and other Mercatus Center podcasts .
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Jack Clark on AI's Uneven Impact
05/07/2025
Jack Clark on AI's Uneven Impact
Few understand both the promise and limitations of artificial general intelligence better than Jack Clark, co-founder of Anthropic. With a background in journalism and the humanities that sets him apart in Silicon Valley, Clark offers a refreshingly sober assessment of AI's economic impact—predicting growth of 3-5% rather than the 20-30% touted by techno-optimists—based on his firsthand experience of repeatedly underestimating AI progress while still recognizing the physical world's resistance to digital transformation. In this conversation, Jack and Tyler explore which parts of the economy AGI will affect last, where AI will encounter the strongest legal obstacles, the prospect of AI teddy bears, what AI means for the economics of journalism, how competitive the LLM sector will become, why he’s relatively bearish on AI-fueled economic growth, how AI will change American cities, what we'll do with abundant compute, how the law should handle autonomous AI agents, whether we’re entering the age of manager nerds, AI consciousness, when we'll be able to speak directly to dolphins, AI and national sovereignty, how the UK and Singapore might position themselves as AI hubs, what Clark hopes to learn next, and much more. Read a enhanced with helpful links, or watch the . Recorded March 28th, 2025. Help keep the show ad free by today! Other ways to connect Follow us on and Follow on X Follow on X Join our Email us: Learn more about Conversations with Tyler and other Mercatus Center podcasts .
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Kenneth Rogoff on Monetary Moves, Fiscal Gambits, and Classical Chess
04/30/2025
Kenneth Rogoff on Monetary Moves, Fiscal Gambits, and Classical Chess
Harvard economist Kenneth Rogoff approaches global finance with the same strategic foresight that made him a chess grandmaster. Author of the new book Our Dollar, Your Problem, Rogoff doesn't sugarcoat America's future: he foresees a significant inflation shock within a decade, far more severe than the post-COVID bout. When this second wave hits, he warns, "credibility's really going to be shot." In this conversation, Ken and Tyler tackle international economic dynamics, unresolved macro puzzles, the state of chess, and more, including whether trade deficits are truly unsustainable, why China's investment-heavy growth model has reached its limits, how currency depreciation neutralizes tariff effects, Pakistan’s IMF bailouts, whether more Latin American countries should dollarize, Japan's deceptively peaceful economic decline, Europe's coming fiscal reckoning, how the US will eventually confront its ballooning debt, the puzzling absence of a recession during our recent disinflation, the potential of phasing out large denomination currency notes, the future relevance of stablecoins, whether America should start a CBDC, Argentina's chances under Milei, who will be the next dominant player in chess, hanging out with Bobby Fischer, drawing out against Magnus Carlsen, and how to save classical chess from excessive computer preparation. Read a enhanced with helpful links, or watch the . Recorded April 2nd, 2025. Help keep the show ad free by today! Other ways to connect Follow us on and Follow on X Follow on X Join our Email us: Learn more about Conversations with Tyler and other Mercatus Center podcasts .
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Chris Dixon on Blockchains, AI, and the Future of the Internet
04/23/2025
Chris Dixon on Blockchains, AI, and the Future of the Internet
Chris Dixon believes we're at a pivotal inflection point in the internet's evolution. As a general partner at Andreessen Horowitz and author of Read Write Own, Chris believes the current internet, dominated by large platforms like YouTube and Spotify, has strayed far from its decentralized roots. He argues that the next era—powered by blockchain technology—can restore autonomy to creators, lower barriers for innovation, and shift economic power back to the network's edges. Tyler and Chris discuss the economics of platform dominance, how blockchains merge protocol-based social benefits with corporate-style competitive advantages, the rise of stablecoins as a viable blockchain-based application, whether Bitcoin or AI-created currencies will dominate machine-to-machine payments, why Stack Overflow could be the first of many casualties in an AI-driven web, venture capital’s vulnerability to AI disruption, whether open-source AI could preserve national sovereignty, NFTs as digital property rights system for AIs, how Kant’s synthetic a priori, Kripke’s modal logic, and Heidegger’s Dasein sneak into Dixon’s term‑sheet thinking, and much more. Read a enhanced with helpful links, or watch the . Recorded March 26th, 2025. Help keep the show ad free by today! Other ways to connect Follow us on and Follow on X Follow on X Join our Email us: Learn more about Conversations with Tyler and other Mercatus Center podcasts .
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Ian Leslie on McCartney, Lennon, and the Greatest Creative Partnership of All Time
04/16/2025
Ian Leslie on McCartney, Lennon, and the Greatest Creative Partnership of All Time
It’s Beatles day! In this deep dive into one of music's most legendary partnerships, Ian Leslie and Tyler unpack the complex relationship between John Lennon and Paul McCartney. Leslie, whose book John & Paul: A Love Story in Songs examines this creative pairing, reveals how their contrasting personalities—John's intuitive, sometimes chaotic approach and Paul's methodical perfectionism—created a unique creative alchemy that neither could fully replicate after the Beatles split. They explore John's immediate songwriting brilliance versus Paul's gradual development, debate when the Beatles truly became the Beatles, dissect their best and worst covers, examine the nuances of their collaborative composition process, consider their many musical influences, challenge the sentiment in "Yesterday," evaluate unreleased tracks and post-Beatles reunions, contemplate what went wrong between John and Paul in 1969, assess their solo careers and collaborations with others, compare underrated McCartney and Lennon albums, and ultimately extract broader lessons about creative partnerships. Read a enhanced with helpful links, or watch the . Recorded March 4th, 2025. Help keep the show ad free by today! Other ways to connect Follow us on and Follow on X Follow on X Join our Email us: Learn more about Conversations with Tyler and other Mercatus Center podcasts . Photo Credits: Chris Floyd
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Jennifer Pahlka on Reforming Government
04/09/2025
Jennifer Pahlka on Reforming Government
Jennifer Pahlka believes America's bureaucratic dysfunction is deeply rooted in outdated processes and misaligned incentives. As the founder of Code for America and co-founder of the United States Digital Service, she has witnessed firsthand how government struggles to adapt to the digital age, often trapped in rigid procedures and disconnected from the real-world impact of its policies. Disruption is clearly needed, she says—but can it be done in a way that avoids the chaos of DOGE? Tyler and Jennifer discuss all this and more, including why Congress has become increasingly passive, how she’d go about reforming government programs, whether there should be less accountability in government, how AGI will change things, whether the US should have public-sector unions, what Singapore's effectiveness reveals about the trade-offs of technocratic governance, how AI might fundamentally transform national sovereignty, what her experience in the gaming industry taught her about reimagining systems, which American states are the best-governed, the best fictional depictions of bureaucracy, how she’d improve New York City’s governance, her current work at the Niskanen Center, and more. Read a enhanced with helpful links, or watch the . Recorded March 4th, 2025. Help keep the show ad free by today! The British remake of Ikiru referenced in today's podcast is: Other ways to connect Follow us on and Follow on X Follow on X Join our Email us: Learn more about Conversations with Tyler and other Mercatus Center podcasts .
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Sheilagh Ogilvie on Epidemics, Guilds, and the Persistence of Bad Institutions
04/02/2025
Sheilagh Ogilvie on Epidemics, Guilds, and the Persistence of Bad Institutions
Sheilagh Ogilvie has spent decades examining the institutional structures that shaped European economic history, challenging conventional wisdom about everything from guilds to marriage patterns. In her conversation with Tyler, she reveals how studying pandemic responses from the Black Death to COVID-19 provides a unique lens for understanding deeper truths about institutional effectiveness and social constraints. Tyler and Sheilagh discuss the economic impacts of historical pandemics, the "happy story" of the Black Death and why it doesn’t stand up to scrutiny, the history of variolation and how entrepreneurs created vaccination franchises in 18th-century England, why local communities typically managed epidemics better than central authorities, the dastardly nature of medieval guilds, the European marriage pattern and its disputed contribution to economic growth, when sustained economic growth truly began in England, why the Dutch Republic stagnated despite its early success, whether she agrees with Greg Clark's social mobility hypothesis, her experience and conducting "anthropological fieldwork" on English social customs, the communitarian norms she encountered while living in Germany, her upcoming research project on European serfdom, and more. Read a enhanced with helpful links, or watch the . Recorded February 27th, 2025. Help keep the show ad free by today! Other ways to connect Follow us on and Follow on X Follow on X Join our Email us: Learn more about Conversations with Tyler and other Mercatus Center podcasts .
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Ezra Klein on the Abundance Agenda
03/19/2025
Ezra Klein on the Abundance Agenda
What happens when a liberal thinker shifts his attention from polarization to economic abundance? Ezra Klein’s new book with Derek Thompson, Abundance, argues for an agenda of increased housing, infrastructure, clean energy, and innovation. But does abundance clash with polarization—or offer a way through it? In this conversation, Ezra and Tyler discuss how the abundance agenda interacts with political polarization, whether it's is an elite-driven movement, where Ezra favors NIMBYism, the geographic distribution of US cities, an abundance-driven approach to health care, what to do about fertility decline, how the U.S. federal government might prepare for AGI, whether mass layoffs in government are justified, Ezra's recommended travel destinations, and more. Read a enhanced with helpful links, or watch the . Recorded March 7th, 2025. Help keep the show ad free by today! Other ways to connect Follow us on and Follow on X Follow on X Join our Email us: Learn more about Conversations with Tyler and other Mercatus Center podcasts . Photo Credit: (c) Lucas Foglia
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Carl Zimmer on the Hidden Life in the Air We Breathe
03/05/2025
Carl Zimmer on the Hidden Life in the Air We Breathe
Carl Zimmer is one of the finest science communicators of our time, having spent decades writing about biology, evolution, and heredity. His latest (and 16th) book, Air-Borne: The Hidden History of the Life We Breathe, explores something even more fundamental—how the very air around us is teeming with life, from pollen to pathogens to microbes floating miles above the Earth. He joins Tyler to discuss why it took scientists so long to accept airborne disease transmission and more, including why 19th-century doctors thought hay fever was a neurosis, why it took so long for the WHO and CDC to acknowledge COVID-19 was airborne, whether ultraviolet lamps can save us from the next pandemic, how effective masking is, the best theory on the anthrax mailings, how the U.S. military stunted aerobiology, the chance of extraterrestrial life in our solar system, what Lee Cronin’s “assembly theory” could mean for defining life itself, the use of genetic information to inform decision-making, the strangeness of the Flynn effect, what Carl learned about politics from growing up as the son of a New Jersey congressman, and much more. Read a enhanced with helpful links, or watch the . Recorded January 15th, 2025. Help keep the show ad free by today! Other ways to connect Follow us on and Follow on X Follow on X Join our Email us: Learn more about Conversations with Tyler and other Mercatus Center podcasts . Photo Credit: Mistina Hanscom
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Gregory Clark on Social Mobility, Migration, and Assortative Mating (Live at Mercatus)
02/19/2025
Gregory Clark on Social Mobility, Migration, and Assortative Mating (Live at Mercatus)
How much of your life’s trajectory was set in motion centuries ago? Gregory Clark has spent decades studying social mobility, and his findings suggest that where you land in society is far more predictable than we like to think. Using historical data, surname analysis, and migration patterns, Clark argues that social mobility rates have remained largely unchanged for 300 years—even across radically different political and economic systems. He and Tyler discuss why we should care about relative mobility vs growing the size of the pie, how physical mobility does and doesn’t matter, why England was a meritocracy by 1700, how assortative mating affects economic and social progress, why India industrialized so late, a new potential explanation why Britain’s economic performance has been lukewarm since WWI, Malthusian societies then and now, whether a “hereditarian” stance favors large-scale redistribution or a free-market approach, the dynamics of assimilation within Europe and the role of negative selection in certain migrations, the challenge of accurately measuring living standards, the neighborhood-versus-family debate over what drives mobility, whether we need datasets larger than humanity itself to decode the genetics of social outcomes, and much more. Read a enhanced with helpful links, or watch the . Recorded February 5th, 2025. Help keep the show ad free by today! Other ways to connect Follow us on and Follow on X Follow on X Join our Email us: Learn more about Conversations with Tyler and other Mercatus Center podcasts . Photo Credit: Chris Williams, Zoeica Images
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Ross Douthat on Why Religion Makes More Sense Than You Think
02/05/2025
Ross Douthat on Why Religion Makes More Sense Than You Think
for the Boston Listener Meet Up For Ross Douthat, phenomena like UFO sightings and the simulation hypothesis don't challenge religious belief—they demonstrate how difficult it is to escape religious questions entirely. His new book, Believe: Why Everyone Should Be Religious makes the case for religious faith in an age of apparent disenchantment. In his third appearance on Conversations with Tyler, Ross joined Tyler to discuss what getting routed by Christopher Hitchens taught him about religious debate, why the simulation hypothesis resembles ancient Gnostic religion, what Mexican folk Catholicism reveals about spiritual intermediaries, his evolving views on papal authority in the Francis era, what UFO sightings might tell us about supernatural reality, why he's less apocalyptic than Peter Thiel about the Antichrist, and why he's publishing a fantasy novel on Substack before AI potentially transforms creative writing. Read a enhanced with helpful links, or watch the . Recorded January 16th, 2025. Help keep the show ad free by today! Other ways to connect Follow us on and Follow on X Follow on X Join our Email us: Learn more about Conversations with Tyler and other Mercatus Center podcasts . Photo Credit: Abigail Douthat ©
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Joe Boyd on the Birth of Rock, World Music, and Being There for Everything
01/22/2025
Joe Boyd on the Birth of Rock, World Music, and Being There for Everything
for the Boston Listener Meet Up Joe Boyd was there when Dylan went electric, when Pink Floyd was born, and when Paul Simon brought Graceland to the world. But far from being just another music industry insider, Boyd has spent decades exploring how the world's musical traditions connect and transform each other. His new book And the Roots of Rhythm Remain, is seventeen years in the making, and is in Tyler’s words “the most substantive, complete, thorough, and well-informed book on world music ever written.” From producing Albanian folk recordings to discovering the hidden links between Mississippi Delta blues and Indian classical music, Boyd's journey reveals how musical innovation often emerges when traditions collide. He joins Tyler to discuss why Zulu music became politically charged in South Africa, what makes Albanian choral music distinct from Bulgarian polyphony, what it was like producing Toots and the Maytals, his role in the famous "Dueling Banjos" scene in Deliverance, his work with Stanley Kubrick on A Clockwork Orange, his experiences with Syd Barrett and Pink Floyd, how he shaped R.E.M.'s sound on Fables of the Reconstruction, what really happened when Dylan went electric at Newport, how the Beatles integrated Indian music, what makes the Kinshasa guitar sound impossible to replicate, and how he maintains his collection of 6,000 vinyl LPs and 30,000 CDs, what he’ll do next, and more. Read a enhanced with helpful links, or watch the . Recorded December 27th, 2024. Help keep the show ad free by today! Other ways to connect Follow us on and Follow on X Join our Email us: Learn more about Conversations with Tyler and other Mercatus Center podcasts .
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