Reformed Forum
Reformed Forum supports the church in presenting every person mature in Christ (Colossians 1:28) by providing Reformed theological resources to pastors, scholars, and anyone who desires to grow in their understanding of Scripture and the theology that faithfully summarizes its teachings.
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Genesis 36:1–37:1 — A Directory of Earthly Inheritance
03/25/2026
Genesis 36:1–37:1 — A Directory of Earthly Inheritance
Immediately after the death of Isaac in Genesis 35 we get a genealogy of Esau — an interruption, it seems, to the story of the patriarchs. Should you preach on a genealogy? Does it “preach” at all? In this episode we see how the story of Christ is found even in the genealogy of the ungodly line.
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Heavenly High Priesthood in the Book of Hebrews Pt 1 | The Theology of Heaven in Hebrews (Lesson 10)
03/23/2026
Heavenly High Priesthood in the Book of Hebrews Pt 1 | The Theology of Heaven in Hebrews (Lesson 10)
This is the tenth lesson in Dr. Lane G. Tipton’s Reformed Academy course, The Theology of Heaven in the Book of Hebrews. This lesson covers the following topics: The Kephalaion or Central Point of Hebrews Dennison on Hebrews 2:5, 3:1, and 8:1 The Theme of the World to Come in Hebrews 2:5 The Program of Christ as Our Great Apostle and High Priest Register for this free on-demand course on our website to track your progress and assess your understanding through quizzes for each lesson. You will also receive free access to dozens of additional video courses in covenant theology, apologetics, biblical studies, church history, and more: Your donations help us to provide free Reformed resources for students like you worldwide:
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What Is a Presbyterian—and Why Does Presbyterian Government Matter?
03/20/2026
What Is a Presbyterian—and Why Does Presbyterian Government Matter?
What is a Presbyterian? Is Presbyterianism merely a style of church government, or is it a coherent biblical and theological system? In this episode we welcome Matthew Adams and Ben Ratliff for a lively conversation on Presbyterian identity, church government, and why polity still matters. The discussion begins with Matt Adams’s article, “,” and expands into a broader exploration of Presbyterian ecclesiology. Along the way, the panel considers plurality and parity of elders, the role of presbyteries and general assemblies, the importance of connectionalism, and the ways accountability serves the peace, purity, and unity of the church. They also reflect on differences in ecclesial culture among the PCA, OPC, and URCNA, discuss overtures and church courts, and offer practical encouragement for ordinary church members who want to be active, faithful Presbyterians in their local congregations. Matthew Adams serves as Senior Pastor of First Presbyterian Church in Dillon, South Carolina. A native of Dillon County, he holds a B.A. in Religious Studies and Christian Counseling from Liberty University and an M.Div. from Erskine Theological Seminary, and he is pursuing doctoral studies at Reformed Theological Seminary in Charlotte. In addition to his pastoral ministry, Adams serves as a council member for the Gospel Reformation Network and co-hosts the podcast . Ben Ratliff serves as Associate Pastor of Covenant Presbyterian Church in Cleveland, Mississippi. A native of Jackson, Mississippi, he earned a B.A. in Biblical Studies from Belhaven University and graduated from Reformed Theological Seminary in Jackson in 2013. Before coming to Cleveland, he served at Providence PCA in Salisbury, Maryland, and later at churches in south Mississippi. Ratliff is also a co-host of the podcast , where helps lead conversations on Presbyterian polity and church government. Chapters 00:00 Introduction 01:49 Why Presbyterian government matters 03:12 Grassroots Presbyterianism is not congregationalism 08:56 Why the confusion persists 11:02 Different Presbyterian cultures: PCA, OPC, and URCNA 14:25 Overtures, church courts, and how change happens 22:27 What Presbyterianism is 25:50 Plurality, parity, and connectionalism 32:48 Accountability, freedom, and the well-being of the church 39:27 How church members can participate 48:36 Polity Matters, Larger for Life, and final thoughts Participants: , ,
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Jesus and Heavenly Mount Zion | The Theology of Heaven in Hebrews (Lesson 9)
03/16/2026
Jesus and Heavenly Mount Zion | The Theology of Heaven in Hebrews (Lesson 9)
This is the ninth lesson in Dr. Lane G. Tipton’s Reformed Academy course, The Theology of Heaven in the Book of Hebrews. This lesson covers the following topics: Heavenly Mount Zion, the Convergence of God's Self-Revelation and Permanent Dwellin The Verticalizing Movement in Hebrews 12:22–24 A Biblical Theology of the Mountains of God: Eden A Biblical Theology of the Mountains of God: Ararat A Biblical Theology of the Mountains of God: Moriah Register for this free on-demand course on our website to track your progress and assess your understanding through quizzes for each lesson. You will also receive free access to dozens of additional video courses in covenant theology, apologetics, biblical studies, church history, and more: Your donations help us to provide free Reformed resources for students like you worldwide:
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Jonathan Master | The History of Special Revelation: Geerhardus Vos and Reformed Biblical Theology
03/13/2026
Jonathan Master | The History of Special Revelation: Geerhardus Vos and Reformed Biblical Theology
In this special crossover episode—recorded at —Camden Bucey joins Jonathan Master, President of Greenville Seminary, for a conversation on the life, method, and enduring relevance of Geerhardus Vos (1862–1949). Vos stands as a remarkable bridge figure: Dutch by birth, deeply shaped by continental Reformed theology and close friendship with Herman Bavinck, yet firmly planted in the American confessional Presbyterian tradition as the first chair of biblical theology at Old Princeton Seminary alongside B. B. Warfield. Drs. Bucey and Master explore Vos’s foundational distinction between biblical theology and systematic theology—and why both are indispensable for faithful exegesis and preaching. Biblical theology, which Vos himself preferred to call “the history of special revelation,” reads Scripture as the organic, progressive unfolding of God’s redemptive acts in history—from the protoevangelium in Genesis 3:15 to the consummation of all things in Christ. That redemptive-historical framework opens up notoriously difficult passages (Hebrews 6, the unforgivable sin) in ways systematics alone cannot. The conversation also covers Vos’s two-age eschatology, his key works (Biblical Theology, The Pauline Eschatology, Grace and Glory, The Teaching of Jesus Concerning the Kingdom of God and the Church), and the question of why Vos remained at Princeton when Machen and others departed. Chapters 0:00 Introduction: Camden at Greenville Seminary 1:08 Greenville Seminary Launches Confessional.org 3:47 Geerhardus Vos: Bridge Figure Between Princeton and the Continent 9:03 What Is Biblical Theology? The History of Special Revelation 13:49 Why We Need Both Biblical Theology and Systematics 16:33 “You Cannot Do Either Without the Other” 22:19 Why Did Vos Remain at Princeton? 27:48 Vos’s Key Works 31:39 The “Vibe of Vos”: Redemptive History in Practice 37:44 The Two-Age Eschatology: Already and Not Yet 40:33 Closing Remarks Participants: ,
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Moses and Earthly Mount Sinai | The Theology of Heaven in Hebrews (Lesson 8)
03/09/2026
Moses and Earthly Mount Sinai | The Theology of Heaven in Hebrews (Lesson 8)
This is the eighth lesson in Dr. Lane G. Tipton’s Reformed Academy course, The Theology of Heaven in the Book of Hebrews. This lesson covers the following topics: The Contrast Between Two Mountains Reading of Exodus 24 Mount Sinai's Three-Fold Partitioning Reflected in the Tabernacle Moses' Ascent Up the Mountain Register for this free on-demand course on our website to track your progress and assess your understanding through quizzes for each lesson. You will also receive free access to dozens of additional video courses in covenant theology, apologetics, biblical studies, church history, and more: Your donations help us to provide free Reformed resources for students like you worldwide:
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Justin Poythress | Who You Are in Christ—Identity, Purpose, and the Christian Life
03/06/2026
Justin Poythress | Who You Are in Christ—Identity, Purpose, and the Christian Life
In a culture saturated with self-help strategies, identity politics, and the language of “manifesting,” where do Christians turn for a stable, coherent sense of self? On this episode of Christ the Center, Camden Bucey sits down with pastor and author to explore the deep theological roots of the identity crisis plaguing our age. Drawing from his new book, (The Good Book Company), Poythress argues that only Christ can rightly function as our “master identity”—the organizing center beneath every role, relationship, and calling. Work, sexuality, politics, and even parenting all fail catastrophically when elevated to that ultimate position, because none of them can bear the weight of the human soul. At the heart of the conversation lies a powerful biblical framework: we are in Christ while also being conformed to his image. Romans 8:29 declares that God predestined His people to be conformed to the image of His Son—a settled identity and a lifelong trajectory of growth. Poythress unpacks how 2 Corinthians 3:18 reframes the secular obsession with “manifesting” into the biblical practice of beholding Christ, the true mechanism of transformation. The episode also explores the church as a “thick community” designed for the kind of multi-dimensional, embodied relationships that curated online personas can never provide. For pastors, elders, and anyone seeking maturity in Christ, the takeaway is both liberating and compelling: the Christian life is a matter of becoming what you already are in Christ. Chapters 00:07 Introduction 08:50 Master and Sub-Identities 13:53 Identity as a Theological Issue 16:58 Romans 8:29 21:22 Manifesting vs. Beholding 28:09 The Means of Grace 32:19 Thick Communities 41:12 Authenticity 46:14 Work, Sexuality, and Politics as Functional Religions 51:12 Becoming What You Are in Christ 56:29 Conclusion Participants: ,
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Sabbath Rest in Hebrews 3:7–4:11: Millennial Views | The History of Heaven in Hebrews (Lesson 7)
03/02/2026
Sabbath Rest in Hebrews 3:7–4:11: Millennial Views | The History of Heaven in Hebrews (Lesson 7)
This is the seventh lesson in Dr. Lane G. Tipton’s Reformed Academy course, The Theology of Heaven in the Book of Hebrews. This lesson covers the following topics: Author of Hebrews Is Not a Premillennialist Author of Hebrews Is Not Postmillennialist Gaffin on the Usefulness of the Cross Amillennialism on Suffering in Christ as Redemptive Blessing Register for this free on-demand course on our website to track your progress and assess your understanding through quizzes for each lesson. You will also receive free access to dozens of additional video courses in covenant theology, apologetics, biblical studies, church history, and more: Your donations help us to provide free Reformed resources for students like you worldwide:
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Robert Letham | The Eternal Son
02/27/2026
Robert Letham | The Eternal Son
Dr. Robert Letham joins Lane Tipton and Camden Bucey to discuss Dr. Letham’s recent book (P&R Publishing). Their conversation presses into a simple but urgent claim: Christology is not a side department of theology—it is the living center. When the church loses clarity about who the Son is, the gospel itself becomes unclear, because salvation depends on the identity of the Savior. They also explore why the church must listen carefully to the whole ecumenical tradition, especially the often-neglected debates after Chalcedon. Letham explains why it matters that the acting subject in the Gospels is the eternal Son, who assumes a true human nature without change in his divine person. From there, they engage contemporary confusions—especially biblicism that isolates Scripture from the church’s confession—and they address the claim that Christ was “adopted” at the resurrection, showing how such proposals unravel both orthodox Christology and the gracious character of adoption for believers. Chapters 00:07 Introduction 02:04 This Book within the Trilogy 04:36 Christ and the Center of Christianity 11:05 Reading the Bible in Isolation 16:44 The Ecumenical Councils After Chalcedon 26:44 The Pre-Existent Son 30:24 Christology from Below 35:54 The Doctrine of Adoption 44:48 Twin Errors of Christology and Soteriology 53:15 An Exhortation to Re-Examine the Historical Confession of the Church 56:19 Conclusion Participants: , ,
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The Book of Daniel, Part 14
02/24/2026
The Book of Daniel, Part 14
On today’s episode of Theology Simply Profound, Rob and Bob continue to walk through the Book of Daniel. In chapter 5, we see the handwriting on the wall, Daniel's interpretation of what is written, and King Belshazzar's response.
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Sabbath Rest in Hebrews 3:7–4:11: Use of Psalm 95:7–11 | The History of Heaven in Hebrews (Lesson 6)
02/23/2026
Sabbath Rest in Hebrews 3:7–4:11: Use of Psalm 95:7–11 | The History of Heaven in Hebrews (Lesson 6)
This is the sixth lesson in Dr. Lane G. Tipton’s Reformed Academy course, The Theology of Heaven in the Book of Hebrews. This lesson covers the following topics: Wilderness-Testing and Land-Resting Paradigm Analogical Application to the Church The Church as Wilderness Community of Strangers and Exiles Contrast between Typical and Eschatological Rest The Seventh Day of Sabbath Rest Bringing Many Sons to Glory The High Priestly Work of Christ in Hebrews 4:14–16 Register for this free on-demand course on our website to track your progress and assess your understanding through quizzes for each lesson. You will also receive free access to dozens of additional video courses in covenant theology, apologetics, biblical studies, church history, and more: Your donations help us to provide free Reformed resources for students like you worldwide:
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Dan Ragusa | Cornelius Van Til's Letters from America
02/20/2026
Dan Ragusa | Cornelius Van Til's Letters from America
In this episode, Dan Ragusa speaks about Letters from America (Reformed Forum) Between 1935 and 1940, Cornelius Van Til (1895–1987) wrote twenty-four letters from America for the Dutch magazine De Reformatie at the invitation of its editor Klaas Schilder (1890–1952). Daniel Ragusa’s translation presents these letters in English for the first time. Letters from America opens a window into a critical moment in Reformed history—when orthodox and confessional Presbyterianism in America was under siege from both modernism and the rising influence of Barthianism, which Van Til labeled “the new modernism.” Ragusa introduces these letters by situating them within the broader relationship between the Dutch Reformed in the Netherlands and the orthodox Presbyterians in America—a relationship that reaches back to the seventeenth century. Van Til’s wartime-like correspondences—written in the heat of theological conflict—offer a firsthand account of the spiritual and ecclesiastical upheavals of the era. Through Van Til’s eyes, fixed steadfastly on his risen and reigning Lord, readers witness pivotal moments in American Presbyterian history, among them J. Gresham Machen’s trial, deposition, and sudden death; the founding of Westminster Theological Seminary and the evangelistic work of its graduates; and the formation of the Presbyterian Church of America and its subsequent renaming as the Orthodox Presbyterian Church. Far more than museum pieces, these letters bring to life a pivotal chapter in the defense and development of the Reformed faith that helps us to make sense of our present ecclesiastical and theological landscape. Chapters 00:00:07 Introduction 00:06:13 Upcoming Seminar in Raleigh, NC 00:09:29 Dr. Ragusa's Introduction to Van Til's Dutch Letters 00:20:54 Van Til's Concern for the Church 00:29:16 Highlights of the Letters 00:36:19 Van Til's Hope for the Church 00:42:38 The Afscheiding (Secession) of 1834 00:57:46 A Vision for the Future of the Church 01:06:05 Remaining Faithful Today 01:12:15 Conclusion This is Christ the Center episode 947 (https://www.reformedforum.org/ctc947)
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Sabbath Rest in Hebrews 3:7–4:11: Use of Genesis 2:2 | The Theology of Heaven in Hebrews (Lesson 5)
02/16/2026
Sabbath Rest in Hebrews 3:7–4:11: Use of Genesis 2:2 | The Theology of Heaven in Hebrews (Lesson 5)
This is the fifth lesson in Dr. Lane G. Tipton’s Reformed Academy course, The Theology of Heaven in the Book of Hebrews. This lesson covers the following topics: Reading of Hebrews 3:7–4:11 Introductory Comments and Observations The History of Heaven The Covenant of Works The Two-Estate Movement of Christ The Already of Sabbath Rest in Hebrews 4:3 The Not-Yet of Sabbath Rest in Hebrews 4:9–11 Register for this free on-demand course on our website to track your progress and assess your understanding through quizzes for each lesson. You will also receive free access to dozens of additional video courses in covenant theology, apologetics, biblical studies, church history, and more: Your donations help us to provide free Reformed resources for students like you worldwide:
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Vos Group #106 — Repentance
02/13/2026
Vos Group #106 — Repentance
In this episode, we continue engaging Geerhardus Vos’s treatment of repentance and the righteousness of the kingdom. The discussion begins by clarifying the close relationship between faith and repentance: Both are saving graces, sovereignly gifted by God, inseparably joined in conversion, yet not identical. Faith uniquely receives and rests upon Christ for justification, while repentance—though necessary—never functions as the instrument of union with Christ or the ground of God’s verdict. This careful distinction protects the gospel from subtle moralism and keeps repentance in its proper place as fruit flowing from mercy apprehended in Christ. Vos then situates repentance within Jesus’ proclamation of the kingdom: Repentance corresponds to the kingdom’s righteousness-aspect, just as faith corresponds to its power-aspect. Repentance is not a meritorious condition for entry, but the moral-spiritual “fitness” that belongs to life under God’s righteous reign. The episode explores Vos’s “vernacular of repentance” in the Gospels—regret, inner reversal, and outward turning—showing that biblical repentance is comprehensive, God-centered, and transformative. Far from mere remorse or isolated moral adjustment, repentance is a whole-life reorientation toward God, forming a people whose inner and outer life increasingly reflects the righteousness of the kingdom. Chapters 00:00 2026 Raleigh, NC Seminar 02:19 Introduction 04:40 Faith and Repentance 11:42 The Connection to the Kingdom of God 16:05 The Logical and Instrumental Priority of Faith 22:19 Aspects of the Kingdom 32:47 The Vernacular of Repentance 37:05 The Universal Demand of Repentance 46:36 Conclusion
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The Land of Canaan and Typology in Hebrews 11:8–16 | The Theology of Heaven in Hebrews (Lesson 4)
02/09/2026
The Land of Canaan and Typology in Hebrews 11:8–16 | The Theology of Heaven in Hebrews (Lesson 4)
This is the fourth lesson in Dr. Lane G. Tipton’s Reformed Academy course, The Theology of Heaven in the Book of Hebrews. This lesson covers the following topics: The Order of the Texts and the Path of Redemptive History The Call of Abram True Religion and the Symbol of the Altar True Religion and the Symbol of the Tent The Better, Heavenly City Vos on the Land of Canaan as a Type of Heaven Kline on the Two-Stage Fulfillment of the Abrahamic Promise Earthly Typology and the Person and Work of Christ Register for this free on-demand course on our website to track your progress and assess your understanding through quizzes for each lesson. You will also receive free access to dozens of additional video courses in covenant theology, apologetics, biblical studies, church history, and more: Your donations help us to provide free Reformed resources for students like you worldwide:
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Thy Word Is Truth: Scripture’s Authority, God’s Character, and Worship That Follows
02/06/2026
Thy Word Is Truth: Scripture’s Authority, God’s Character, and Worship That Follows
n this episode, Nick Bullock, senior pastor of in New Braunfels, Texas, joins Camden Bucey and Jim Cassidy to discuss an upcoming conference themed “Thy Word is Truth” (February 27–March 1, 2026) and, more importantly, why a sturdy doctrine of Scripture is not a luxury but a necessity for the church. They explore how Scripture’s authority undergirds every other theological conversation, shaping how Christians understand God, worship him, and resist the many counterfeit “voices” that compete for allegiance. The conversation also highlights a timely pastoral burden: weak views of Scripture often leave believers vulnerable—whether to “me-and-my-Bible” isolation (confusing sola with solo), or to the perceived stability of traditions that promise rootedness without delivering true unity. By reconnecting the doctrine of Scripture to the doctrine of God—his truthfulness, immutability, and steadfast love—the episode invites listeners to hear again the shepherd’s voice in God’s word and to respond with reverent, regulated, Christ-centered worship. Chapters 00:00:07 Introduction 00:01:45 Ministry in Central Texas 00:10:03 Thy Word Is Truth Conference 00:17:18 Laying a Foundation on God’s Word 00:34:22 The Attributes of God and the Doctrine of Scripture 00:44:27 Mysticism and Apophaticism 00:49:38 The Sufficiency, Necessity, and Excellency of Scripture 00:53:44 The Regulative Principle of Worship 01:04:03 Conclusion This is Christ the Center episode 945 ()
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Ephesians 3:14–21 — For This Reason I Bow My Knees
02/04/2026
Ephesians 3:14–21 — For This Reason I Bow My Knees
The great Reformer, Martin Luther, once said that prayer is the breath of the soul. Christians pray! We are a people called to live and to walk in close fellowship and communion with our Savior and King. And as He speaks to us in his word, so we speak and enjoy fellowship with the Lord through prayer. In Ephesians 3:14–21, we see the Apostle Paul at prayer. What moves him to prayer? What sustains his prayer life? What does he pray for? What is Paul's burden for the church? What is the Lord's burden for you and for me? Join us as we listen in and learn from the great Apostle as he goes to the throne of grace to receive mercy and find grace to help in our time of need.
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The Book of Daniel, Part 13
02/03/2026
The Book of Daniel, Part 13
On today’s episode of Theology Simply Profound, Rob and Bob continue to walk through the Book of Daniel. In chapter 5, the scene changes from Nebuchadnezzar's praise and extolling of the King of heaven to a new king, Belshazzar. King Belshazzar does not honor the King of heaven as seen in the desecration of the "golden vessels that had been taken out of the temple, the house of God in Jerusalem."
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Heaven in the New Beginning: In Christ’s Ascension | The Theology of Heaven in Hebrews (Lesson 3)
02/02/2026
Heaven in the New Beginning: In Christ’s Ascension | The Theology of Heaven in Hebrews (Lesson 3)
This is the third lesson in Dr. Lane G. Tipton’s Reformed Academy course, The Theology of Heaven in the Book of Hebrews. This lesson covers the following topics: The Biblical Account of the Ascension in Acts 1:9–11 The Ascended and Enthroned Christ in Colossians 3:1–2, Hebrews 8:1 and Revelation 4 Christ's Exaltation and the Outpouring of the Spirit in Acts 2:32–33 Register for this free on-demand course on our website to track your progress and assess your understanding through quizzes for each lesson. You will also receive free access to dozens of additional video courses in covenant theology, apologetics, biblical studies, church history, and more: Your donations help us to provide free Reformed resources for students like you worldwide:
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Stephen Presley | Irenaeus of Lyons
01/30/2026
Stephen Presley | Irenaeus of Lyons
In this episode we welcome church historian Stephen Presley to explore the life, theology, and enduring relevance of Irenaeus of Lyons. Writing in the latter half of the second century, Irenaeus emerges not merely as a polemicist against Gnosticism but as a deeply pastoral theologian—one whose doctrine, biblical interpretation, and ecclesial commitments were inseparably bound to the life of the church. Presley highlights Irenaeus’s vision of Scripture as a unified, Christ-centered story, summed up in his doctrine of recapitulation: all things find their meaning, coherence, and redemption in Christ, the true head of humanity. Against both ancient Gnosticism and modern disembodied spiritualities, Irenaeus affirms the goodness of creation, the integrity of the human person, and the necessity of catechesis rooted in the rule of faith. For today’s church—navigating doctrinal confusion, cultural fragmentation, and questions of discipleship—Irenaeus offers a compelling model of theological method that is biblical, confessional, pastoral, and profoundly Christ-centered. Dr. is Director of Education and Engagement and Senior Fellow for Religion and Public Life at the Center for Religion, Culture and Democracy and Associate Professor of Church History at Southern Seminary. Chapters 00:07 Introduction 01:47 The Center for Religion, Culture, and Democracy 04:48 How to Pronounce Irenaeus 08:48 The Early Church 13:31 Irenaeus as a Church Theologian 16:00 The Rule of Faith 20:36 Reading Scripture 26:11 Recapitulation 30:18 Against Gnosticism 33:38 Christ as the New Adam 44:07 Surprises While Writing the Book 46:39 Conclusion
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The Book of Daniel, Part 12
01/27/2026
The Book of Daniel, Part 12
On today’s episode of Theology Simply Profound, Rob and Bob continue to walk through the Book of Daniel. In chapter 4, we read of the dream given to Nebuchadnezzar wherein a large protective tree bearing much fruit is chopped down, it’s branches lopped off, it’s leaves stripped, and it’s fruit scattered. What’s all this about? Well, Daniel provides yet another interpretation for Nebuchadnezzar.
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Encoronation and the Primordial Dwelling Place of God | The Theology of Heaven in Hebrews (Lesson 2)
01/26/2026
Encoronation and the Primordial Dwelling Place of God | The Theology of Heaven in Hebrews (Lesson 2)
This is the second lesson in Dr. Lane G. Tipton’s Reformed Academy course, The Theology of Heaven in the Book of Hebrews. This lesson covers the following topics: Colossians and the Expanded Interpretation of Genesis 1:1 Encoronation and Endoxation Related Encoronation in Isaiah 6:1–4 Register for this free on-demand course on our website to track your progress and assess your understanding through quizzes for each lesson. You will also receive free access to dozens of additional video courses in covenant theology, apologetics, biblical studies, church history, and more: Your donations help us to provide free Reformed resources for students like you worldwide:
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Vos Group #105 — Our Lord's Critique of Jewish Ethics
01/23/2026
Vos Group #105 — Our Lord's Critique of Jewish Ethics
In this episode of Christ the Center, Camden Bucey and Lane Tipton discuss a deceptively brief but theologically weighty section of Geerhardus Vos’s Biblical Theology, exploring Jesus’ critique of first-century Jewish ethics. Far from addressing merely surface-level moral failures, Vos shows that Jesus exposes a deeper religious collapse—one marked by practical deism and pervasive self-centeredness. When God’s glory is displaced as the center of ethical life, obedience becomes external, fragmented, and ultimately irreligious. This conversation presses the listener to consider how these same distortions reappear across church history and into the present—whether in moralistic fundamentalism, liberal Protestant ethics, or debates surrounding the New Perspective on Paul. The antidote Vos commends is not tighter rules or refined casuistry, but a recovery of true religion: life coram Deo, grounded in union with Christ, animated by delight in God himself as our supreme reward. In Christ, obedience is restored to its proper place as worship, flowing from grace rather than self-reliance. Chapters 00:07 Introduction 07:32 Jesus’s Critique of Jewish Ethics 18:07 Common Distortions of Ethics 32:55 Modern Expressions of the Same Error 40:46 Von Harnack and the Essence of Christianity 44:08 The New Perspective on Paul 49:35 The Antidote 52:28 Conclusion
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Mark 2:1–12 — Healing from Sin
01/21/2026
Mark 2:1–12 — Healing from Sin
The story of the healing of the paralytic is a picture of God’s work of redemption through Jesus Christ. We are healed—saved—not because we merit favor, but because of the grace of God. Their faith is demonstrated by their works, but their works do not save them. True saving faith is an instrument of justification.
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Heaven as the Primordial Dwelling Place of God | The Theology of Heaven in Hebrews (Lesson 1)
01/19/2026
Heaven as the Primordial Dwelling Place of God | The Theology of Heaven in Hebrews (Lesson 1)
This is the first lesson in Dr. Lane G. Tipton’s Reformed Academy course, The Theology of Heaven in the Book of Hebrews. This lesson covers the following topics: Vos on the Relation and Distinction Between Heaven and Earth Vos on Heaven as the Supreme Reality Kline on the Endoxation of the Holy Spirit Register for this free on-demand course on our website to track your progress and assess your understanding through quizzes for each lesson. You will also receive free access to dozens of additional video courses in covenant theology, apologetics, biblical studies, church history, and more: Your donations help us to provide free Reformed resources for students like you worldwide:
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Josiah Leinbach | William Whitaker's Disputation on Scripture
01/16/2026
Josiah Leinbach | William Whitaker's Disputation on Scripture
In this episode of Christ the Center, we welcome Josiah Leinbach to discuss William Whitaker’s —a monumental sixteenth-century defense of sola Scriptura, newly edited and republished by Prolego Press. Written in 1588 against leading Roman Catholic theologians such as Robert Bellarmine, Whitaker’s work offers a comprehensive treatment of Scripture’s authority, canon, clarity, and sufficiency. Leinbach explains how Whitaker combined Renaissance humanism with scholastic rigor, engaging Scripture, church history, and patristic sources to show that Protestant convictions about Scripture were neither novel nor reactionary, but deeply rooted in the catholic tradition of the church. The conversation also explores the modern relevance of Whitaker’s work—especially amid contemporary debates over authority, tradition, and ecumenism. Leinbach reflects on how advances in historical and textual scholarship have confirmed many of the Reformers’ arguments, while Rome’s own positions have shifted over time. Whitaker’s insistence on the perspicuity of Scripture, the singular infallibility of God’s Word, and the Spirit’s inward testimony offers not only apologetic clarity but deep pastoral comfort. This episode invites listeners to recover confidence in Scripture as God’s clear and sufficient means of revealing Christ to his people. Chapters 00:07 Introduction 01:08 William Whitaker’s A Disputation on Holy Scripture 07:25 Leinbach’s Transition from History to Machine Learning 18:10 Whitaker’s Polemical Approach 22:03 The Canon of Scripture 25:50 The Perspicuity of Scripture 28:29 Biblical Authority 32:02 The Testimony of the Holy Spirit 35:27 Ecumenical Dialogue Yesterday and Today 48:10 Future Works 52:25 Conclusion Participants: ,
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The Structure of Church Government, Part 2 | The Doctrine of the Church (Lesson 7)
01/12/2026
The Structure of Church Government, Part 2 | The Doctrine of the Church (Lesson 7)
This is the seventh and final lesson in Dr. James Cassidy's Reformed Academy course, The Doctrine of the Church. This lesson covers the following topics: On Gender and Church Office The Connected Church Areas of Jurisdiction: Governing Doctrine Areas of Jurisdiction: Governing Worship Areas of Jurisdiction: Government and Discipline Conclusion Register for this free on-demand course on our website to track your progress and assess your understanding through quizzes for each lesson. You will also receive free access to dozens of additional video courses in covenant theology, apologetics, biblical studies, church history, and more: Your donations help us to provide free Reformed resources for students like you worldwide:
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Marcus Mininger | Resurrection and Redemption
01/09/2026
Marcus Mininger | Resurrection and Redemption
In this episode, Camden Bucey and Marcus Mininger reflect together on Resurrection and Redemption by Richard B. Gaffin, Jr.—a work that has profoundly shaped Reformed biblical theology over the past half century. Rather than offering a technical review, the conversation unfolds as a guided meditation on the book’s central claim: that Christ’s resurrection is not a theological afterthought but the controlling center of Paul’s soteriology and eschatology. Gaffin’s careful exegesis helps readers see how redemption is inseparable from resurrection life in union with the risen Christ. This discussion is part of Reformed Forum’s broader effort to offer conversational commentaries on formative Reformed texts—books that have formed us as pastors and theologians. Bucey and Mininger highlight why Resurrection and Redemption remains so enduringly fruitful: it teaches the church to think biblically about salvation, not as a static transaction, but as participation in the resurrected life of Christ. The result is theology that serves the pulpit, strengthens assurance, and orients the Christian life toward the hope of glory already secured in the risen Lord. Chapters 00:00:07 Introduction 00:01:56 International Cohorts and Reading Guides 00:10:31 Encountering Resurrection and Redemption 00:16:15 The Title and Purpose of the Book 00:26:18 The Discipline of Biblical Theology 00:32:56 Paul as Theologian 00:51:23 Redemptive-Historical Epochs 00:59:44 The Occasional Nature of Paul’s Writings 01:08:27 Conclusion
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The Structure of Church Government, Part 1 | The Doctrine of the Church (Lesson 6)
01/05/2026
The Structure of Church Government, Part 1 | The Doctrine of the Church (Lesson 6)
This is the sixth lesson in Dr. James Cassidy's Reformed Academy course, The Doctrine of the Church. This lesson covers the following topics: The Structure of Church Government: Preliminary Considerations The Elders: Preliminary Considerations Presbuteroi How Many Offices? Overseers (Episkopos) The Deacons Register for this free on-demand course on our website to track your progress and assess your understanding through quizzes for each lesson. You will also receive free access to dozens of additional video courses in covenant theology, apologetics, biblical studies, church history, and more: Your donations help us to provide free Reformed resources for students like you worldwide:
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C. N. Willborn | Recovering John L. Girardeau: A Giant of Southern Presbyterianism
01/02/2026
C. N. Willborn | Recovering John L. Girardeau: A Giant of Southern Presbyterianism
Dr. C. N. Willborn, pastor of , speaks about the life, ministry, and enduring theological legacy of John Lafayette Girardeau—a figure often hidden in the shadow of Thornwell and Dabney, yet towering in pastoral warmth, covenant theology, and confessional clarity. Girardeau emerges as a remarkably gifted scholar, a pastor deeply loved by both enslaved and free Black congregants, and a theologian who married doctrinal precision with heartfelt pastoral care. Through stories of his early intellectual formation, his ministry at Zion Presbyterian Church, his courageous stand against segregation in 1874, and his role in shaping debates on adoption, the will, worship, and evolution controversies, listeners gain a moving portrait of a man captivated by Christ and devoted to the communion of the saints. This episode invites us to look beyond caricatures of Southern Presbyterianism and see a pastor who was shaped by his Huguenot and Scottish heritage, attentive to the spiritual well-being of the marginalized, and unwavering in his conviction that the church must be governed by Scripture and formed by a robust federal theology. Girardeau’s story not only expands our understanding of American Presbyterian history—it encourages believers today to pursue ministry marked by doctrinal fidelity, Christ-centered preaching, and sacrificial love. Chapters 00:00:16 Introduction 00:03:28 Introducing John L. Girardeau 00:24:49 French Huguenot Background 00:31:48 Academic Abilities 00:42:29 Girardeau’s Relation to the Church After the War 00:49:44 Significant Motions and Statements 00:56:05 Opposition to Segregation at the 1874 General Assembly 01:00:19 Influence upon Southern Presbyterianism 01:05:19 The Battle over Evolution 01:11:21 Works by Girardeau 01:21:59 Conclusion Links This is Christ the Center episode 940 (https://www.reformedforum.org/ctc940)
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