Demystifying the Research and Development (R&D) Tax Credit (with Mandee Page of Redpath and Company)

In the latest episode of the Mind the GAAP podcast, host Sean Sullivan talks with Mandee Page, Director of the R&D Tax Credit service area at Redpath and Company. They dive into the intricacies of the Research & Development (R&D) tax credit, its purpose, and common misconceptions surrounding it. Mandee explains that the R&D tax credit was introduced in 1981 to encourage innovation in the business sector and stimulate economic growth. This credit offers businesses a dollar-for-dollar reduction in their tax liability, providing them with more capital to continue innovating. While it’s often associated with new product development, the credit also applies to continuous improvements on existing processes, making it more widely applicable than many businesses realize.

Mandee emphasizes that U.S. companies are a primary funding source of  R&D, and the credit is designed to keep innovation and jobs within the U.S. The credit incentivizes not just new products but also the improvement of existing products and processes, making it crucial for ongoing innovation. A significant misconception is that the credit is only available to highly technical industries, but as Mandee points out, industries like manufacturing, food production, and even wineries and breweries might qualify for the credit by making improvements in their processes.

The conversation moves to the eligibility criteria for the R&D tax credit. Mandee explains the four-part test that companies must pass to qualify: 1) the research must aim to improve or develop a business component, which could be a product, process, or software; 2) the work must involve hard sciences like biology, chemistry, or engineering; 3) there must be uncertainty at the outset of the project; and 4) the company must engage in a process of experimentation to resolve the uncertainty. These criteria ensure that companies are truly innovating and taking on projects that advance their industries.

Mandee also highlights the types of expenses that qualify for the credit, with wages typically being the largest. This includes not only the employees performing R&D but also those directly supervising and supporting them. Other eligible expenses include supplies consumed during the R&D process and contract research, provided the contractors are based in the U.S. She explains that while wages are typically the most significant expense, supplies used for prototyping and testing also count, as well as contract research costs, though with certain limitations.

Sean and Mandee also discuss the process of applying for the credit, which begins with an initial consultation to determine eligibility. This is followed by a thorough analysis of the company’s records and activities to ensure they meet the necessary criteria. Mandee stresses the importance of substantiating claims with detailed documentation, such as meeting notes, emails, and internal memos, to demonstrate the process of experimentation and the uncertainties faced during the project.

The episode concludes with Mandee encouraging business owners to explore whether they qualify for the R&D tax credit, noting that many companies miss out on this valuable opportunity because of misconceptions. She emphasizes the importance of early planning, particularly for companies that know they’ll be engaging in R&D activities in the coming year, as proper documentation and preparation are key to successfully claiming the credit.