Organ Systems & Functions

• Integumentary (outer layer of body)

• Forms external body covering (Skin, hair, nails, and glands), protects deeper tissues from injury, synthesizes Vitamin D, houses cutaneous (pain, pressure, etc.) receptors, and sweat and oil glands. 

• Dermis, Epidermis, hypodermis, Sweat Glands, Sebaceous Gland, hair

• Skeletal

• Protects and supports body organs, and provides a framework muscles use to cause movement. Blood cells are formed within bones. Bones store minerals.

• Bones, ligament, cartilage 

• Muscular

• Allows manipulation of the environment, locomotion, and facial expression. Maintains posture, and produces heat.

• Muscles, tendons

• Nervous

• Fast acting control system of the body, responds to internal and external changes by activating appropriate muscles and glands.

• Brain, spinal cord, peripheral nerves

• Endocrine

• Secrete hormones that regulate processes such as growth, reproduction, and nutrient use (metabolism) by body cells

• Pituitary gland, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, pancreas, testes, ovary

• Cardiovascular

• Blood vessels transport blood, which carries oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, wastes, etc. The heart pumps blood. 

• Heart, aorta, arteries, veins

• Lymphatic (closely associated with lymphatic)

• Picks up fluid leaked from blood vessels and returns it to blood. Disposes of debris in the lymphatic stream. Houses white blood cells (lymphocytes) involved in immunity. Immune system attacks foreign substances in body. 

• Tonsils, thymus, spleen, lymph nodes, lymphatic vessels

• Respiratory

• Keeps blood supplied with oxygen, removes carbon dioxide, this exchange occurs through the walls of the air sacs of the lungs.

• Larynx, trachea, lungs, bronchi 

• Digestive

• Breaks down food into absorbable units that enter the blood for distribution to body cells. Indigestible foodstuffs are eliminated as feces. 

• Teeth, esophagus, stomach, pancreas, gallbladder, liver, small intestine, ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, appending 

• Urinary

• Eliminates nitrogenous wastes from the body. Regulates water, electrolyte, and acid-base balance of the blood. 

• Bladder, Ureter, kidneys, urethra 

• Reproductive 

• Produces offspring. Testes produce sperm and male sex hormones, male ducts and glands aid in delivery of sperm to female reproductive tract. Ovaries produce eggs and female sex hormones. Remaining female structures fertilize and develop a fetus. Mammary glands produce milk to nourish young.

• (female) uterus, cervix, vagina, fallopian tube, ovary 

• (male) penis, testes, scrotum, prostate