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Study Types and Research Design

MCAT Basics (from MedSchoolCoach)

Release Date: 11/28/2024

Electromagnetism show art Electromagnetism

MCAT Basics (from MedSchoolCoach)

Electromagnetism is a critical component of physics, playing a pivotal role in everything from circuits to medical imaging technologies like MRIs. It is also a crucial topic for the MCAT, appearing frequently in the physics and chemistry sections. In this episode, Sam Smith breaks down the fundamental concepts of electricity and magnetism. Sam walks through the basics of static electricity, charge conservation, and Coulomb’s Law and explains how moving charges create currents and the forces exerted by electric and magnetic fields. Visit for more help with the MCAT. Jump into the...

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Psychology and Sociology Theories show art Psychology and Sociology Theories

MCAT Basics (from MedSchoolCoach)

Understanding social and psychological theories is crucial for success on the MCAT, as these concepts shape everything from human behavior to societal structures. In this episode, Sam Smith breaks down the essential sociological and psychological theories you need to master, ranging from functionalism and conflict theory to the theories of emotion. Sam explains how these theories apply to real-world scenarios, including their relevance in medicine, healthcare disparities, and patient interactions.  Visit for more help with the MCAT. Jump into the conversation: (00:00) Intro (01:58)...

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The Reproductive System show art The Reproductive System

MCAT Basics (from MedSchoolCoach)

In this episode of MCAT Basics, Sam Smith discusses the reproductive system and development, breaking down essential topics for the bio and biochem section of the MCAT. Sam walks through the key reproductive organs, the processes of spermatogenesis and oogenesis, and the pathway sperm and eggs take in human reproduction. Visit for more help with the MCAT. Jump into the conversation: (00:00) Intro (01:30) Reproductive organs: Overview of male and female reproductive anatomy (03:16)  Spermatogenesis: The process of sperm cell development (04:55) Meiosis in spermatogenesis: From diploid to...

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Atomic Chemistry show art Atomic Chemistry

MCAT Basics (from MedSchoolCoach)

Atomic chemistry is a core component of the MCAT, essential for understanding molecular behavior and periodic trends.  In this episode, host Sam Smith explores key concepts in atomic chemistry, including the intricacies of quantum theory, hybridization, and molecular geometry. You'll gain insights into electron configuration, periodic trends, and the role of quantum numbers in describing electrons. Sam also discusses the significance of nuclear decay, from alpha to beta and gamma decay, and how it impacts atomic structure. Visit for more help with the MCAT. Jump into the conversation:...

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Light and Optics show art Light and Optics

MCAT Basics (from MedSchoolCoach)

A foundational part of the MCAT, light and optics bridge the gap between physics and biology, making them vital for your exam preparation. In this episode, Sam Smith breaks down the fundamentals of light, covering both its wave and particle properties. From the energy of photons and the photoelectric effect, to wave behavior and the principles of refraction and reflection, Sam simplifies complex concepts to help you grasp key equations and principles. You'll also learn about lenses, ray tracing, and the real-life applications of polarization. Visit for more help with the MCAT. Jump into the...

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Learning and Memory show art Learning and Memory

MCAT Basics (from MedSchoolCoach)

Learning and memory are foundational concepts that play a critical role in acing the MCAT, especially in the Psych/Soc section. In this episode, host Sam Smith discusses the key concepts of learning and memory, covering the brain structures involved in memory formation, like the hippocampus and amygdala, as well as the different types of memory—explicit, implicit, and working memory. Sam also explores types of learning, including latent learning, observational learning, and the essential principles of classical and operant conditioning, and more. Visit for more help with the MCAT. Jump...

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Study Types and Research Design show art Study Types and Research Design

MCAT Basics (from MedSchoolCoach)

Understanding study design and research variables is crucial for mastering the MCAT and in medical research. In this episode, host Sam Smith discusses the essentials of study design and research methods, from understanding independent and dependent variables to navigating the complexities of correlation, causation, and confounding variables. You’ll learn about the different types of studies, including experimental, observational, case-control, and cohort designs, and how they apply to MCAT questions. Plus, we’ll explore odds ratios, study validity, and the importance of specificity and...

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Organic Chemistry Mechanisms To Know show art Organic Chemistry Mechanisms To Know

MCAT Basics (from MedSchoolCoach)

In this episode, Sam Smith will discuss and help you understand the essential organic chemistry mechanisms and reactions you may encounter when taking the MCAT. From nucleophilic substitution reactions like SN1 and SN2 to aldol condensation and oxidation and reduction of alcohols, Sam will cover the high-yield topics that are crucial for your test prep. He will also touch on key IR and NMR values that could appear on your exam.  Visit for more help with the MCAT. Jump into the conversation:  (00:00) Intro (01:42) SN1 and SN2 nucleophilic substitution reactions, mechanisms, and key...

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Social Groups show art Social Groups

MCAT Basics (from MedSchoolCoach)

Mastering the concept of sociological groups can unlock a deeper understanding of how we interact and influence each other. On top of that, social interactions and group dynamics form the backbone of the Psych/Soc section of the MCAT, so mastering this topic is key to a good score.  In this episode, host Sam Smith breaks down the essential topic of sociological groups. You’ll gain a comprehensive understanding of the different types of groups, the dynamics within organizations, bureaucracy, and social networks, and key concepts like groupthink, group polarization, and social loafing. We...

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Genetics: Gene Expression show art Genetics: Gene Expression

MCAT Basics (from MedSchoolCoach)

In this episode, we explore key topics in genetics, including how sex-linked and autosomal traits are inherited. We'll break down inheritance patterns using real-world examples, like X-linked recessive diseases, and walk through Punnett square problems to show how these traits are passed down. We also cover the regulation of gene expression, focusing on epigenetic changes such as DNA methylation and how genetic imprinting impacts which genes are expressed. You'll gain insight into transcriptional and post-transcriptional control mechanisms in prokaryotes and eukaryotes, along with the...

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More Episodes

Understanding study design and research variables is crucial for mastering the MCAT and in medical research.

In this episode, host Sam Smith discusses the essentials of study design and research methods, from understanding independent and dependent variables to navigating the complexities of correlation, causation, and confounding variables. You’ll learn about the different types of studies, including experimental, observational, case-control, and cohort designs, and how they apply to MCAT questions. Plus, we’ll explore odds ratios, study validity, and the importance of specificity and sensitivity in diagnostic tests. This episode also covers common study limitations and biases, helping you sharpen your critical thinking skills for exam day.

Visit MedSchoolCoach.com for more help with the MCAT.

Jump into the conversation:
(00:00) Intro

(01:22) Types of variables seen in studies

(03:10) Correlation and Pearson correlation coefficient

(05:38) Causation vs. correlation

(07:16) Confounding variables: Examples and impact

(08:55) Odds ratio and study applications

(11:00) Validities in experiments

(16:20) Specificity vs. sensitivity in diagnostic tests

(19:13) Types of studies: Experimental and observational

(31:32) Single blind vs. double blind studies

(32:58) Randomized controlled trials (RCTs)

(35:57) Research limitations and study bias

(45:39) MCAT Advice of the Day