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#339 - Unpacking trauma: How early wounds shape behavior and the path toward healing | Jeff English

The Peter Attia Drive

Release Date: 03/10/2025

#395 - Brain lipidology: understanding APOE, cholesterol homeostasis, Alzheimer's disease risk, and the effects of lipid-lowering therapies on brain health | Tom Dayspring, M.D. show art #395 - Brain lipidology: understanding APOE, cholesterol homeostasis, Alzheimer's disease risk, and the effects of lipid-lowering therapies on brain health | Tom Dayspring, M.D.

The Peter Attia Drive

Tom Dayspring is a world-renowned lipidologist and one of the most thoughtful teachers in the field of lipid metabolism. In this episode, Tom returns to The Drive for a deep dive into the relationship between lipids and brain health, beginning with the fundamentals of cholesterol transport before exploring why the brain’s cholesterol system operates almost entirely independently from the rest of the body. Tom examines the roles of apoB, apoA-I, and especially apoE in cholesterol homeostasis, discusses how APOE genotype influences Alzheimer’s disease risk, and unpacks the complex links...

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#394 ‒ Sleep pharmacology: the role of medications in healthy sleep, the promise of emerging therapies, and the evidence for common sleep supplements show art #394 ‒ Sleep pharmacology: the role of medications in healthy sleep, the promise of emerging therapies, and the evidence for common sleep supplements

The Peter Attia Drive

In this episode, Peter dives into the pharmacology of sleep, exploring where sleep medications fit within the broader framework of achieving healthy, restorative sleep. He explains why sleep is a biological imperative, why behavioral and environmental interventions must remain the foundation of good sleep, and how medications can serve as useful tools when carefully matched to a person’s specific sleep problem. Peter examines the major classes of prescription sleep medications, including how they work, their effects on sleep architecture, their duration of action, side effects, and risks...

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#393 ‒ AMA #85: A guide to medications and supplements: determining what to take, what to skip, and how to know if they’re working for you show art #393 ‒ AMA #85: A guide to medications and supplements: determining what to take, what to skip, and how to know if they’re working for you

The Peter Attia Drive

In this “Ask Me Anything” (AMA) episode, Peter explores how to think critically about medications and supplements by focusing not on whether an intervention is inherently “good” or “bad,” but on whether it makes sense for a specific person with a specific problem. He explains why clearly defining the problem matters more than choosing the intervention itself, how the intended purpose of a medication or supplement should influence the standard of evidence required, and why mechanistic reasoning alone is rarely enough to justify taking something. Peter also examines how baseline...

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#392 - Genetic testing: when it's valuable, how to choose the right test, and what to do with the results show art #392 - Genetic testing: when it's valuable, how to choose the right test, and what to do with the results

The Peter Attia Drive

In this episode, Peter explores the complex and often misunderstood world of genetic testing, building a practical framework for understanding what these tests can and cannot actually tell us about health and disease. He explains why some genetic findings can be genuinely life-changing while many others offer information that is far more probabilistic than deterministic, and why directly measuring the phenotype is often more valuable than inferring risk from DNA alone. Peter examines where genetics can provide meaningful insight across the major disease categories and where its predictive...

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#391 ‒ Colorectal cancer screening: importance of early screening, colonoscopy as a screening and preventive tool, and how to build a personalized strategy show art #391 ‒ Colorectal cancer screening: importance of early screening, colonoscopy as a screening and preventive tool, and how to build a personalized strategy

The Peter Attia Drive

In this episode, Peter takes a deep dive into colorectal cancer (CRC) screening, explaining why it is one of the most preventable cancers and why getting screening right can have life-saving implications. He walks through how colorectal cancer develops and why it is uniquely well-suited to early detection and prevention, with a particular emphasis on the dual role of colonoscopy as both a diagnostic and therapeutic tool. Peter also examines the concerning rise in early-onset CRC among younger adults, highlighting why awareness and timely screening matter more than ever. The episode provides...

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#390 ‒ AMA #84: Family health history, preventing heart disease, metabolic health, strength training efficiency, dementia risk reduction, NAD supplements, and hydration show art #390 ‒ AMA #84: Family health history, preventing heart disease, metabolic health, strength training efficiency, dementia risk reduction, NAD supplements, and hydration

The Peter Attia Drive

In this “Ask Me Anything” (AMA) episode, Peter answers listener questions across a wide range of topics, focusing on how to think through real-world trade-offs and apply scientific evidence in practice. He explores how to build and interpret a meaningful family health history, how individual risk tolerance influences decisions around testing and treatment, and why heart disease remains poorly prevented despite available tools. He also examines whether it’s possible to carry excess body fat while remaining metabolically healthy, outlines the minimum effective dose for strength training...

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#389 - Thinking scientifically: why it's hard, why it matters, and a practical toolkit show art #389 - Thinking scientifically: why it's hard, why it matters, and a practical toolkit

The Peter Attia Drive

In this episode, Peter explores one of the most foundational topics underlying nearly everything discussed on the podcast: how to think scientifically. Framed as an introspective deep dive, he examines why scientific thinking is inherently difficult for humans, the cognitive biases and tendencies that make it challenging to separate belief from evidence, and why these challenges are even more consequential in today’s environment saturated with misinformation. He also offers a framework for improving our ability to evaluate claims, question assumptions, and identify a personal panel of...

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#388 — Prostate cancer screening: why current PSA guidelines are failing men and how modern tools improve early detection and save lives show art #388 — Prostate cancer screening: why current PSA guidelines are failing men and how modern tools improve early detection and save lives

The Peter Attia Drive

In this episode, Peter takes a deep dive into prostate cancer screening, explaining why advanced and metastatic diagnoses continue to rise despite the availability of screening tools, and what can be done to reverse this trend. He breaks down what PSA actually measures and why it is far more informative when tracked over time rather than interpreted as a single value, and he explores how tools like MRI, PSA density, PSA velocity, and improved biopsy techniques can both reduce unnecessary procedures and improve the detection of aggressive cancers. Peter also discusses the role of active...

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#387 - AMA #83: Peptides—evaluating the science, safety, and hype in a rapidly growing field show art #387 - AMA #83: Peptides—evaluating the science, safety, and hype in a rapidly growing field

The Peter Attia Drive

In this “Ask Me Anything” (AMA) episode, Peter explores the topic of gray-market peptides, one of the most requested and most confusing topics he’s covered on The Drive. Peptides sit at the intersection of biological plausibility, clinical promise, and aggressive commercialization, and are often marketed as cutting-edge therapies for everything from muscle repair and longevity to cosmetic enhancement. Rather than promoting or dismissing peptides wholesale, Peter lays out a clear, repeatable framework for evaluating any peptide or drug—covering mechanism, intended effects, safety,...

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#386 - Aging clocks—what they measure, how they work, and their clinical and real-world relevance show art #386 - Aging clocks—what they measure, how they work, and their clinical and real-world relevance

The Peter Attia Drive

In this episode, Peter takes a deep dive into the science and application of aging clocks, unpacking what they are, the differences between chronological age, biological age, and the pace of aging, and what epigenetic clocks may actually be measuring. He explores key research in the field, including a randomized controlled trial that tested simple lifestyle interventions against several commonly used aging clocks, as well as a study using brain MRI to assess the pace of aging and its relationship to dementia risk and mortality. Throughout the episode, Peter highlights the promises and...

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Jeff English is a trauma-focused clinical counselor with extensive experience working with adults, teens, families, and groups across various settings, including career counseling, life coaching, addiction recovery, professional workshops, and private practice. In this episode, Jeff shares insights from his work as a trauma therapist, exploring how moments of perceived helplessness shape behaviors and how adaptive strategies can become maladaptive over time. He discusses the concept of the “trauma tree,” examining its roots (causes) and branches (consequences), and highlights a powerful framework used at the Bridge to Recovery, a residential workshop where Jeff serves as an outreach specialist. Jeff reflects on the transformative power of group therapy, the role of vulnerability in fostering connection, and the challenges of letting go of control. He also offers practical advice on finding a great trauma therapist, balancing personal growth within relationships, and recognizing when it’s time to seek help.

We discuss:

  • Defining trauma—a loaded word [3:00];
  • The therapeutic process at The Bridge to Recovery: confronting discomfort, embracing vulnerability, and reframing one’s story [5:45];
  • The roots of the trauma tree: the foundational wounding experiences that shape adaptive survival behaviors [11:30];
  • The branches of the trauma tree: how trauma manifests through co-dependency, addictive patterns, insecure attachments, and more [17:30];
  • The connection between trauma manifestations and underlying wounding experiences, trauma triggers, and the importance of surrender in the healing process [24:00];
  • How surrendering control, eliminating distractions, and practicing vulnerability are essential components of the healing process [32:45];
  • How adaptive behaviors developed during childhood in response to trauma can become maladaptive in adulthood [43:30];
  • The difference between shame and guilt, and recognizing and addressing toxic shame and shame-driven behaviors [49:15];
  • The unique rules at The Bridge to Recovery that support the healing process [53:15];
  • Internal resistance to healing due to the fear of losing positive traits associated with trauma [58:15];
  • The structured storytelling process at The Bridge, and the role of peer feedback in healing [1:05:00];
  • The differences between immersive residential therapy and individual therapy, and how to determine the right approach for different individuals [1:09:30];
  • Jeff’s personal journey as a client and therapist at The Bridge [1:22:00];
  • The generational transmission of trauma, and breaking the cycle [1:25:45];
  • The challenge of addressing socially acceptable maladaptive behaviors like workaholism, perfectionism, and overachievement [1:28:45];
  • How to determine whether struggles stem from deep-seated trauma or just bad habits, and how rewiring maladaptive behaviors requires addressing the underlying emotional wounds [1:32:30];
  • Breakthroughs that shatter beliefs and allows change to occur, and the process that creates this opportunity [1:39:15];
  • Jeff’s advice on finding a therapist for trauma work [1:46:45];
  • The importance of connection and vulnerability [1:52:45];
  • How to encourage a resistant partner to seek healing [1:57:30];
  • Jeff’s advice for those facing emotional struggles [1:59:15]; and
  • More.

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