437. A Candle in the Darkness – Philipp Bozzini and the Lichtleiter
Surgery 101
In 1806, physician Philipp Bozzini introduced the Lichtleiter, a candle-lit, mirror-lined instrument designed for direct visual inspection of internal organs—an idea far ahead of its time and initially met with skepticism. Though dismissed by many contemporaries, the device is now recognized as the first true endoscope, establishing Bozzini as the founder of endoscopy.
info_outline
437. A Candle in the Darkness – Philipp Bozzini and the Lichtleiter NOTES
Surgery 101
PDF Notes for Surgery 101 episode on A Candle in the Darkness – Philipp Bozzini and the Lichtleiter
info_outline
436. Endoscopy vs Laparoscopy and the Beginnings
Surgery 101
Technological progress in medicine, as in other fields, emerges from the interplay of incremental refinement and decisive breakthroughs—those moments when a missing element is discovered and the path forward suddenly accelerates. The evolution of endoscopic surgery over the last century illustrates this well. Yet even today, the terminology surrounding procedures that employ scopes is often misunderstood. “Endoscopy” and “laparoscopy” are frequently used interchangeably, though they refer to distinct techniques, instruments, and purposes.
info_outline
436. Endoscopy vs Laparoscopy and the Beginnings NOTES
Surgery 101
PDF notes for Surgery 101 episode on Endoscopy vs Laparoscopy and the Beginnings.
info_outline
435. Laser Refractive Surgery
Surgery 101
After listening to this episode, learners should be able to: - Outline the theory and physics of laser refractive surgery - Describe the differences between PRK, LASIK, and SMILE - List key indica1ons, exclusions, and essential pre-op tests - Explain common risks, benefits, and complications of laser eye surgery
info_outline
435. Laser Refractive Surgery NOTES
Surgery 101
PDF Notes for Surgery 101 episode on Laser Refractive Surgery
info_outline
434. Refractive Errors, Eye Optics & Vision Correction Options
Surgery 101
After listening to this episode, learners should be able to: 1. Explain the anatomy and optics of the eye related to the optical axis of the eye 2. Describe common refractive errors 3. Explain how refractive errors are measured 4. Recognize important red flags for non-refractive causes of vision loss 5. Summarize current vision correction options
info_outline
434. Refractive Errors, Eye Optics & Vision Correction Options NOTES
Surgery 101
PDF Notes for Surgery 101 episode on Refractive Errors, Eye Optics & Vision Correction Options NOTES
info_outline
433. Arterial Ulcers and Diabetic Foot Ulcers
Surgery 101
After listening to this podcast, learners will be able to: ● Describe the important features of medical history related to arterial ulcers and diabetic foot ulcers ● Recognize the important physical exam findings associated with arterial ulcers and diabetic foot ulcers ● Outline a treatment plan for patients with Arterial ulcers and diabetic foot ulcers
info_outline
433. Arterial Ulcers and Diabetic Foot Ulcers NOTES
Surgery 101
PDF Notes for Surgery 101 episode on Arterial Ulcers and Diabetic Foot Ulcers.
info_outlineAfter listening to this podcast, you will be able to:
• describe the innervation of the female reproductive system,
• identify that pain is often perceived by patients undergoing office gynecological procedures,
• outline factors associated with increased pain perception during office gynecologic procedures,
• describe evidence-based techniques to reduce pain during gynecologic procedures, including pelvic exams, IUD placement, and endometrial biopsy.