#7: Israel’s War of Independence, 1947-1949
Building the Impossible Dream: The History of Zionism
Release Date: 04/26/2023
#13: Israel’s Economy and Society Transformed, 1979 to 2021
Building the Impossible Dream: The History of Zionism
In the final episode of this podcast, Dr. Polisar revisits one of the two central questions that were posed in the opening episode: How did the Jewish people succeed in creating a country that, against all odds, developed an internal character marked by all of the following? A) Kibbutz Galuyot, the ingathering of the exiles on an unimaginable scale; B) a vital role as a national state acting to advance the interests of the Jewish people; C) a robust and stable democracy; D) an economic powerhouse that is widely seen as the “Start-Up Nation.” Covering the period from 1979 to the...
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#12: Seeking Peace Through Deterrence, Defense, and Diplomacy, 1979-2021
Building the Impossible Dream: The History of Zionism
Since the Egyptian-Israeli peace agreement of 1979, there have been two geostrategic earthquakes with long-term significance for the Middle East: the Iranian Revolution of 1979 and the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991. Against the background of these developments, Israel has sought to attain security and peace through consistent efforts in four areas: acting decisively to prevent those countries committed to its destruction from developing weapons of mass destruction; seeking an accommodation with the Palestinian national movement on the basis of partitioning the area included in Mandatory...
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#11: Sadat, Begin, and the Israeli-Egyptian Peace Agreement, 1970-1982
Building the Impossible Dream: The History of Zionism
When Anwar Sadat succeeded Gamal Abdel Nasser as president of Egypt in 1970, few observers expected him to take bold initiatives. Yet in 1973 he launched the Yom Kippur War and in its initial days, together with Syria, dealt Israel substantial losses before the IDF recovered and won an extraordinary victory. Israel’s initial failures in that war undercut the long-dominant Labor Party and helped Likud’s Menachem Begin get elected prime minister in 1977, marking the first transition of power in the Jewish State. Months after Begin came to power, he hosted Sadat in Jerusalem for a dramatic...
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#10: Transforming Israel and the Middle East, 1967-1970
Building the Impossible Dream: The History of Zionism
The Six-Day War brought about enormous changes not only for Israel, but for the Middle East as a whole. The bulk of this episode is devoted to examining the most important transformations that occurred in the years immediately following the war—within Israel, in the Jewish State’s relations with its Arab neighbors, and in its growing ties with the United States. Dr. Polisar also discusses a little-known conflict, the War of Attrition from 1969-1970, whose strategic impact was enormous. Finally, he considers how Israel’s decisive role in a clash between Syria and Jordan in September 1970...
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#9: Making the Jewish State Secure, 1948 to 1967
Building the Impossible Dream: The History of Zionism
In parallel with its efforts to deal with a host of domestic challenges, Israel was compelled from 1948 through 1967 to act decisively to defend itself against its Arab neighbors and lay the basis for longer-term security. This episode opens with the strategic changes that drove the Arab countries, led by Egypt’s Gamal Abdel Nasser, to escalate their conflict with the Jewish state between 1948 and 1956. Dr. Polisar then examines the Sinai War of October 1956, in which Israel joined with France and Britain in defeating Egypt, and its surprising diplomatic consequences. The final section...
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#8: The Miraculous State Takes Shape, 1948 to 1953
Building the Impossible Dream: The History of Zionism
Even after its against-all-odds victory in the War of Independence, the State of Israel’s future was far from assured. It faced the challenge of absorbing massive waves of largely impoverished immigrants, establishing itself as the national state of the Jewish people, dealing with the difficulties caused by Palestinian Arab refugees who fled Israel during the War of Independence, and creating the institutions and traditions needed for effective democratic governance. Dr. Polisar in this episode describes how Israel—led by David Ben-Gurion—overcame these challenges in its initial...
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#7: Israel’s War of Independence, 1947-1949
Building the Impossible Dream: The History of Zionism
Shortly after the General Assembly voted on November 29, 1947, to establish Jewish and Arab states in Palestine, Chaim Weizmann declared that states are not given to peoples on a silver platter—and that the Jews would have to fight to establish theirs. Indeed, the Yishuv, backed by the Zionist movement, fought a War of Independence beginning the day after the UN decision, when the Arabs of Palestine responded with anger and violence. The war did not end until early 1949. In this episode, Dr. Polisar breaks down the two phases of the conflict—the “civil war” pitting the Arabs of...
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#6: The Securing of International Support for a Jewish State, 1939-1947
Building the Impossible Dream: The History of Zionism
World War Two, fought from 1939 to 1945, brought about a changed geopolitical reality in the world as a whole and in Palestine, which radically changed the interests of the British, the Zionist movement and the Yishuv, and the Arabs of Palestine. As a result of these factors, coupled with decisions made by the leadership of each of these three actors, the British decided to hand over the Palestine Mandate to the newly formed United Nations. Despite the forces working within the UN to prevent the establishment of a Jewish state, three sets of decision-makers—Stalin in the Soviet Union,...
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#5: The Arabs Attack, the British Retreat, and the Jews Keep Building, 1918-1939
Building the Impossible Dream: The History of Zionism
In response to growing Jewish immigration, land purchases, and economic expansion, the Arabs of Palestine engaged in mounting violence in 1920-21, 1929, and 1936-1939. In each case, Great Britain responded by retreating from its promise to facilitate a Jewish national home. In the first two cases, Zionist counter-pressure, led by Chaim Weizmann, succeeded in getting Britain to return to its commitments, but in 1939 Britain, seeking to appease the Arabs on the eve of World War Two, issued a White Paper effectively reneging on the Balfour Declaration. The Yishuv, the Jewish community of...
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#4: The Jewish Homeland in the Making, 1904-1918
Building the Impossible Dream: The History of Zionism
Following Herzl’s untimely death in 1904, efforts to settle the Land of Israel were accelerated, led by young idealists who played key roles in laying the foundations for a state that could serve as a light unto the nations. In parallel, Herzl’s disciples and opponents alike, led by Chaim Weizmann, continued his path of diplomacy, culminating in the Balfour Declaration of 1917, in which Great Britain pledged that after conquering Palestine it would endeavor to facilitate in it the creation of a Jewish national home. This episode analyzes how these parallel tracks led in a decade and a half...
info_outlineShortly after the General Assembly voted on November 29, 1947, to establish Jewish and Arab states in Palestine, Chaim Weizmann declared that states are not given to peoples on a silver platter—and that the Jews would have to fight to establish theirs. Indeed, the Yishuv, backed by the Zionist movement, fought a War of Independence beginning the day after the UN decision, when the Arabs of Palestine responded with anger and violence. The war did not end until early 1949.
In this episode, Dr. Polisar breaks down the two phases of the conflict—the “civil war” pitting the Arabs of Palestine against the Yishuv from November 1947 to May 1948; and the war against the five Arab countries that invaded Palestine in May 1948 with the aim of preventing the birth of the Jewish state. In addition to examining the causes and consequences of Israel’s victory, Dr. Polisar also covers the Isrel's Declaration of Independence, read aloud by David Ben-Gurion on May 14, 1948 just hours before the British Mandate formally ended.
Supplemental Materials:
- A series of essays by Martin Kramer on Israel's Declaration of Independence.
- "Podcast: Neil Rogachevsky and Dov Zigler on the Political Philosophy of Israel's Declaration of Independence."
- The full text of Israel's Declaration of Independence in English.