Troubleshooting the Stack

Can't talk to me? Then fine-tune your stack, fam!

The stack is one of the foundational components needed for A TON of movements and for restoring movement, but what if you are struggle bus with this concept?

What if you can't get a full exhale or get the expansion you need? Or maybe you don't even know where in the ribcage we should even see movement!

Don't worry fam, ya boy big Z has you covered.

If you want to beef up your stack, and your conversation with Zac, then check out Movement Debrief Episode 153 below!

Watch the video here for your viewing pleasure.

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Show notes

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Prone hamstring curl troubleshooting - This video goes through a simple way to help you get more out of your prone hamstring curls.

The Difference Between Spinal and Pelvic Motion - This post outlines how to differentiate moving the spine as one unit vs creating relative motion at the pelvis.

Ribcage expansion vs rib flare

Question: With normal breathing appears should get expansion of all ribs, but yet With the stack it appears as though you should not allow ribs to flare out. So in a sense no expansion of ribs? 

https://youtu.be/H4JS3IK0JnM

Answer: Oh fam, don't you worry. I want them ribs to get #expandedAF.

The key point here is we want to differentiate where the expansion is coming from.

Ideally, during the stack, we should see multidirectional expansion in the ribcage when we take a breath of air. In fact, the following areas should expand:

• Buckethandle - Ribs will move outward and upward (predominantly lower ribcage)
• Pumphandle - Front ribs should move forward and upward
• Posterior expansion - Back ribs should move backward and upward
• Slight elevation - The ribcage will lift upward slightly as a unit, as the scalenes are a primary muscle of inspiration
• Slight depression - The ribcage will stretch downward slightly as a unit because of the pull from the abs.

As you can see, the ribs move just about everywhere!

This movement, however, is different from the ribs moving forward (aka the rib flare).

Ribs flared AF :)

With the movements listed above, you get relative motions occurring among the ribs. So the ribs will separate to make room for the increased air in the lungs.

With a rib flare, we don't see this as much. Instead, the ribcage migrates forward and upward as a unit. Imagine the thorax translating forward. That is the rib flare, and it is often accompanied with increased tension in the accessory muscles.

Compensations during the exhale

Question: As a narrow infrasternal angle, I am going to be taking a long relaxed exaggerated sigh. However, I get to a point where nothing is happening or I actually feel like my sternum is collapsing inward causing almost an out of breath sensation. Any idea what this might be? We want to be seeing the lower ribs dropping down correct? What if upon an exhale they don’t move?

https://youtu.be/O9bYviWlk4Y

Answer: You think you have a full exhale, but you have no idea.

This is the diary of someone who needs help getting a full exhale. (gah I'm old)

But don't worry, fam, it's totally common. Ideally, the deeper abdominal muscles compress the lower ribcage in all directions, assisting the diaphragm in full ascension. There are two big tells that let you know you have this position:

1. The ab wall will get smaller, especially the lower abdomen region.
2. The lower ribcage will drop downward and inward.

If you don't have these two points, then a full exhale is not attained.

The sternal collapse is a compensatory strategy to attempt to get this full exhale. Here, the rectus (damn near killed us) abdominis contracts, pulling the sternum downward. This can help create a pseudo domed position of the diaphragm, but you do not get changes in the lateral ab wall. You also can't get the complete air evacuation out that you normally would, as this altered shape change pushes air posteriorly and inferiorly, limiting posterior diaphragm ascension.

Rectus damn near killed us. The worst! (Photo credit: Hitchcock, Edward, 1793-1864; Hitchcock, Edward, 1828-1911)

To mitigate these compensatory strategies, we need to emphasize the ab wall getting smaller and the ribcage dropping.

To get the ab wall smaller, the best way I've found this is to just utilize a self-manual cue. Put your hands right below your belly button, and do your darndest to get the abs to get smaller.

The second point is the get the lower ribcage to drop. If you get the abs moving but the ribs don't, then you need some help.

The Beatles got a little help from their friends, but you, my fine fam, are going to get a LOT of help from your arms. That is, you are reaching.

Reaching is like icing on the stack cake, as it can promote the ribcage shape change desired by affecting the upper components of the ribcage.

Depending on your infrasternal angle archetype, you have one of two options to start with.

For narrow ISAs, you'll want to reach forward, as this action will bend the ribs by generating anterior and posterior compression. I like doing these unilaterally, with a move like a hooklying tilt with a one arm reach:

https://youtu.be/-GwHrk0zmc8

For wide ISAs, an upward reach (around 100-120° shoulder flexion) can be quite useful. A move like this supine hip extension move can be a great choice:

https://youtu.be/NIt5Ass84VQ

Reaching during the stack

Question:  What if the medial borders of the scaps were NOT flush with the ribcage, could then a reach at 90º be useful for posterior expansion, ribcage retraction, and getting those medials borders to find their nice cozy home along the ribs?

https://youtu.be/jJAZp-NeZoY

Answer: The big thing to watch on this lack of flushness on the ribcage is that it often accompanies the thorax migrating forward. If the thorax goes too far forward and you have lost the stack (and subsequently, the inability to talk to me), then you will not get posterior expansion.

However, I've been known to manually pull the medial border off of the ribcage to encourage posterior thorax expansion, and it can be quite useful. Yet, it's really fricken hard to perform this action actively.

UNLESS....

you create a relative motion between the scapula and humerus, aka scapular internal rotation.

How do you do this? I'M GLAD YOU ASKED!

If you can externally rotate the humerus without moving the scapula, this creates a relative internal rotation at the scapula. If you have internal rotation at the scapula, the scapular external rotators (which cover the dorsal rostral area) will be eccentrically oriented, which can allow for posterior expansion.

A great way to achieve this action is by performing armbars with screwdrivers:

https://youtu.be/EbgUI2jjN-4

Making prone and supine more comfortable during the stack

Question: I find it uncomfortable in the prone and supine position for the stack. Any tips?

Answer: If these positions are hurting, then there is an inability to express movement options, hence the increased pressure in respective areas.

In the prone position, gravity is pushing downward, which can drive more anterior orientation. If your backside is concentric AF, then it may be that this position pushes you even more forward. Problems ensue.

The prone solution? Take yourself out of the anterior orientation.

This action can be done by either putting a few airex pads underneath your stomach, or even lying over a swiss ball.

An airex pad underneath the stomach is s quick way to restore the anterior orientation.

The same issue can cause problems in supine. If you can't reverse the posterior concentric bias, then there may be increased pressure in the sacroiliac joint and upper back.

The solution could be the same. Placing a pad or wedge underneath the pelvis can help encourage the posterior orientation that you OH SO DESIRE!

Side planks for the deconditioned?

Question: When working with wide ISAs who are deconditioned and older, will you give them side planks right away? I worry about the shoulder.

Answer: Side planks can be great for creating the lateral compression needed to make wide infrasternal angle presentations dynamic.

The issue, however, is that you need to be able to produce enough force to get yourself into position. Otherwise, you are going to overload the shoulder.

That said, you can still get the benefits of "side planks," you just need to regress them.

Simply not lifting the body up in the air, instead pushing through the arm, can create a lot of benefits without as much load.

https://youtu.be/b-m54cWG95s

If that's too much, then you can bear weight through your hand like so:

https://youtu.be/fHkQJ_IdwH8

If even that is too much, you can simply lie over a swiss ball to create some lateral compression:

https://youtu.be/1j_9eJZRkDA

Neutral pelvis or posterior tilt?

Question: Neutral pelvis vs posterior tilt stack. Which/when?

https://youtu.be/5PxboQFisRg

Answer: While we cannot say what true "position" the pelvis is in, there are some indicators that can let us know if we have a good orientation during stack coaching.

The key is to orient the pelvis in a manner that allows the viscera to bob up and down as we breathe; restoring sacral dynamics.

Your key indicator that you are in a good spot is perception of the glutes and hamstrings contracting WHILE keep the pelvis and thorax stacked atop one another. If you have that, you are in a great spot :)

Too much rectus abdominis during exhales

Question: What kind of cues would use for someone who keeps kicking in rectus abdominis?

Answer: The rectus (damn-near killed us) abdonimis kicks in when we can't get a full exhale. You'll see that when the following stuff happens:

• the sternum depresses
• the belly gets bigger
• the pelvis translates forward

If you see these things, you can bet your bottom dollar that your stack is whack!

Here are the keys to focus on to derectusify (technical term) the stack:

1. Keep the exhale slow and drawn out
2. Feel the lower belly get smaller
3. Drive upper cervical extension
4. Choose good positions that minimize rectus activity (e.g. sidelying for wide ISAs)

Stacking during rotation

Question: How do you ensure that you have a stack during rotation?

Answer: The most important piece is to ensure that you aren't bending as a unit when you reach.

Winging during front planks

Question: If I try a front plank and the scaps are winging, what is going on there?

Answer: If the scapulae are winging, the thorax is falling WAY too forward, which creates space between the thorax and the scapula.

To create space, you need to push the ribcage backward while achieving a full exhale. Less air in the front, more air in the back.

Too much lower back during the exhale

Question: I have a client who uses erectors to complete the exhale. Any tips?

Answer: You need to put the back muscles into an eccentric orientation so they don't create the exhale. Choosing some of the positions mentioned during the prone and supine portion of this debrief can be useful.

Cueing out of overtucking

Question: Any tips on client who overtuck during the stack?

Answer: I usually start with this person arching their back excessively, then slowly unarching out of that position. This helps them isolate the movement to the pelvis.

Sum up

• The ribcage should expand in all directions during the stack, not migrate forward as a unit.
• A full exhale should entail the ab wall getting smaller and the lower ribcage dropping downward. A reach can help facilitate a fuller exhale.
• Scapular internal rotation can promote posterior expansion.
• Prone and supine can be more comfortable by positioning passively into a posteriorly expanded position.
• To reduce rectus abdominis overactivity, keep exhales slow, ab wall small, and chin away from neck.
• To reduce overtucking, arch then unarch