Vineyard Underground
What if you could hang out with experienced grape growers, ask them about the science of grape growing, vineyard operations, and more; then take an insight or two to improve your vineyard and ultimately the quality of the wines you produce? That’s what we do each week on the Vineyard Underground. Hosted by Fritz Westover –– viticulture expert more than 20 years of experience in the vineyard industry –– every episode is an in-depth look at grape growing methods, care, and even complicated matters of fertilization and pest and disease management? The goal is to provide you with an understanding of the complicated aspects of viticulture science so that experienced and even first-time grape growers will be able to understand and implement new practices in their vineyard.
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103: Distinguishing Real Vine Stressors from Imagined Ones with Dr. Mark Krasnow
08/04/2026
103: Distinguishing Real Vine Stressors from Imagined Ones with Dr. Mark Krasnow
In this episode of Vineyard Underground, Fritz talks with Dr. Mark Krasnow of Thoughtful Viticulture about how to tell real vine stress from false alarms in the vineyard. Mark explains why grapevines are often tougher than they look and breaks stress into three main categories: water, heat, and wind. He and Fritz highlight common misreads and show how these assumptions lead to overwatering, shallow roots, excess vigor, and higher disease risk. The conversation focuses on using data instead of guesswork, pairing tools such as pressure bombs, porometers, and soil moisture probes so growers can set meaningful irrigation thresholds. Mark also shares why he prefers early-season water stress for red varieties to influence berry size and phenolics, while keeping vines better supplied after veraison. They compare stress responses in young versus mature vines and touch on Mark’s work with powdery mildew spore monitoring, which suggests many early-season sprays may be unnecessary. In this episode, you will hear: Why grapevines are often more resilient than growers assume How overwatering can create shallow roots, excess vigor, and more disease risk The difference between perceived water stress and measured stress How to pair soil moisture probes with pressure bomb readings to set a real “red line” for irrigation Why early-season water stress can improve red wine quality when managed correctly How vine age affects stress tolerance and root development Follow and Review: If you enjoyed this episode, be sure to follow the podcast and leave a 5-star review on Apple Podcasts! Your support helps us reach more listeners. 💜 Click the ‘+’ in the top right corner of Apple Podcasts to follow now. Resources: If you’re starting a vineyard or thinking about starting a vineyard, visit to get Fritz’s online Prospective Winegrape Grower Course to help you get your vineyard planned and planted correctly from the start. Use the code PODCAST at checkout to save $89.99 as a thank you for being a podcast listener. Have a vineyard question? Go to and click the Ask Fritz button. Today’s Guest: Dr. Mark Krasnow is a renowned plant physiologist and consultant and the founder of Thoughtful Viticulture – a company that helps vineyards grow the highest quality fruit in the most sustainable and efficient manner possible. Connect with Mark at and follow him or on his blog . Episode Sponsor: Today’s episode was brought to you by HydroGeo Environmental and SensorInsight. Thank you to HydroGeo Environmental for sponsoring today’s episode. For over 20 years, Bubba Beasley and his team have helped vineyard growers with site assessments, mapping, soil and groundwater evaluations, and optimal vineyard layouts. Using the latest technology and industry expertise, HydroGeo brings clarity to even the most complex landscapes. Visit and mention the Vineyard Underground podcast for a special discount on your service. Thank you to SensorInsight for sponsoring today’s episode. SensorInsight is a leader in vineyard soil moisture and weather monitoring. SensorInsight designs state-of-the-art, remote satellite monitoring of soil moisture and weather, bringing actionable information for your vineyard operations straight to your phone, with real-time data so you can best decide when to turn on your irrigation, how long to run the system, and learn how the dynamics of soil moisture can change over a given season. Visit them today at . And don’t forget to mention the code Underground to receive a discount on your SensorInsight solution. Episode Credits If you like this podcast and are thinking of creating your own, consider talking to my producer, Emerald City Productions. They helped me grow and produce the podcast you are listening to right now. Find out more at . Let them know we sent you.
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102: Baby Steps Towards Biodynamics & Organic Growing Practices - Part 2 with Thijs Verschuuren
07/21/2026
102: Baby Steps Towards Biodynamics & Organic Growing Practices - Part 2 with Thijs Verschuuren
In this conversation, Fritz continues his deep dive with Thijs Verschuuren of Herman J. Wiemer, exploring practical baby steps toward biodynamic and organic vineyard management. Thijs walks through how he structures a non-systemic spray program in a high-disease-pressure region, breaking down critical spray timing, coverage strategies, and why he treats bloom and cap fall as “non-negotiable” spray windows. They discuss how Thijs combines copper, sulfur, plant teas, biologicals, and newer tools like chitosan-based fungicides and kaolin clay to target downy mildew, black rot, powdery mildew, and leafhoppers, while staying within strict copper limits and managing livestock safety. Fritz and Thijs also cover biodynamic teas, how forecasting and 48‑hour brews fit into a preventive program, and why daily scouting and mapping disease “pockets” are essential. The conversation concludes with canopy management, pruning, mechanization, and thoughtful leaf removal that maintain disease control without sacrificing the acidity and fruit quality of Riesling and Chardonnay on the path to Demeter certification. In this episode, you will hear: Why spray timing and coverage matter more than product choice in organic and biodynamic programs How to integrate copper, sulfur, oils, chitosan, and kaolin clay while respecting label limits and site conditions Practical strategies for managing downy mildew, black rot, and powdery mildew with a mostly protectant toolbox How biodynamic teas and preparations fit into a preventive, weather‑driven vineyard health program Daily scouting, mapping, and localized spraying as core tools to limit disease spread and input use Follow and Review: If you enjoyed this episode, be sure to follow the podcast and leave a 5-star review on Apple Podcasts! Your support helps us reach more listeners. 💜 Click the ‘+’ in the top right corner of Apple Podcasts to follow now. Today’s Guest: Thijs Verschuuren is the Director of Vineyard Biology & Biodynamic Specialist at in upstate New York. Connect with Thijs at or follow him at Resources: Come grow with Fritz at ! Save $75 off your first year of membership with the code Underground at checkout. Have a vineyard question? Go to and click the Ask Fritz button. Episode Sponsor: Today’s episode was brought to you by Clemens and HydroGeo Environmental. Thank you to Clemens Technologies for sponsoring today’s episode. Clemens Technologies is the market leader in machinery for all elements of vineyard management. Visit and provide the code UNDERGROUND to receive 5% off your order of in-stock machinery. Or reach out to Thomas Clemens directly at thomas@clemens-america.com with any questions. Thank you to HydroGeo Environmental for sponsoring today’s episode. For over 20 years, Bubba Beasley and his team have helped vineyard growers with site assessments, mapping, soil and groundwater evaluations, and optimal vineyard layouts. Using the latest technology and industry expertise, HydroGeo brings clarity to even the most complex landscapes. Visit and mention the Vineyard Underground podcast for a special discount on your service. Episode Credits If you like this podcast and are thinking of creating your own, consider talking to my producer, Emerald City Productions. They helped me grow and produce the podcast you are listening to right now. Find out more at . Let them know we sent you.
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101: Baby Steps Towards Biodynamics & Organic Growing Practices - Part 1 with Thijs Verschuuren
07/07/2026
101: Baby Steps Towards Biodynamics & Organic Growing Practices - Part 1 with Thijs Verschuuren
In this episode, we dig into what it really looks like to take manageable, real-world steps toward biodynamic and organic winegrowing with Thijs (Taze) Verschuuren, Director of Vineyard Biology and biodynamic specialist at Hermann J. Wiemer Vineyard in New York’s Finger Lakes. We follow Thijs’s path from European wine regions to the Finger Lakes and unpack the make-or-break 2018 season. That side‑by‑side contrast pushed the team to fully embrace biodynamics and pursue Demeter certification. We break down biodynamics in practical terms: treating the farm as a living, self-sustaining organism that integrates cover crops, livestock, compost, and on-farm preparations to build resilience from the soil up. Then we zoom into vineyard floor management as an accessible entry point, showing how diverse clover mixes, smarter mowing vs. crimping decisions, and minimal cultivation helped boost soil organic matter from ~1.7% to over 6% in about seven years — one “baby step” at a time. In this episode, you will hear: Why a wet 2018 season pushed Hermann J. Wiemer to deepen its biodynamic commitment How biodynamics differs from organics in philosophy and farm design A practical framework for cover crops (especially clovers) to build organic matter and vine resilience When to mow, when to crimp, and why there’s no “set-it-and-forget-it” spray or floor program Baby-step starting points: soil testing, cover cropping, and small-scale animal integration Follow and Review: If you enjoyed this episode, be sure to follow the podcast and leave a 5-star review on Apple Podcasts! Your support helps us reach more listeners. 💜 Click the ‘+’ in the top right corner of Apple Podcasts to follow now. Today’s Guest: Thijs Verschuuren is the Director of Vineyard Biology & Biodynamic Specialist at in upstate New York. Connect with Thijs at or follow him at Resources: Come grow with Fritz at ! Save $75 off your first year of membership with the code Underground at checkout. Have a vineyard question? Go to and click the Ask Fritz button. Episode Sponsor: Today’s episode was brought to you by Clemens and HydroGeo Environmental. Thank you to Clemens Technologies for sponsoring today’s episode. Clemens Technologies is the market leader in machinery for all elements of vineyard management. Visit and provide the code UNDERGROUND to receive 5% off your order of in-stock machinery. Or reach out to Thomas Clemens directly at thomas@clemens-america.com with any questions. Thank you to HydroGeo Environmental for sponsoring today’s episode. For over 20 years, Bubba Beasley and his team have helped vineyard growers with site assessments, mapping, soil and groundwater evaluations, and optimal vineyard layouts. Using the latest technology and industry expertise, HydroGeo brings clarity to even the most complex landscapes. Visit and mention the Vineyard Underground podcast for a special discount on your service. Episode Credits If you like this podcast and are thinking of creating your own, consider talking to my producer, Emerald City Productions. They helped me grow and produce the podcast you are listening to right now. Find out more at . Let them know we sent you.
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100: 100 Episodes In: What's In, What's Out, and What's Next for the Vineyard Industry
06/23/2026
100: 100 Episodes In: What's In, What's Out, and What's Next for the Vineyard Industry
We mark a major milestone with our 100th episode by stepping back to look at where the vineyard industry has been and where it’s headed next. Fritz walks us through what’s in, what’s out, and what’s coming for growers who want to stay profitable and resilient. We start with the changing economics of grape growing. Planting Cab, Merlot, or Syrah on speculation no longer pencils out in an oversupplied market. Instead, we focus on matching varieties to region, climate (including future climate), water availability, disease pressure, and a clearly defined sales channel. From there, we connect vineyard design to labor and equipment realities. We move away from high‑input, labor‑intensive layouts and toward simpler, mechanization‑friendly systems that can eventually support autonomous tools. We then turn to the vineyard floor, moving from bare soil and blanket herbicide programs to living systems built around cover crops, reduced tillage, and grazing with sheep. By the end, we have a clear picture of the practices that are fading, the ones gaining momentum, and the directions we can embrace to stay ahead in the next decade of grape growing. We look forward to the next 100 episodes! In this episode, you will hear: Planting on speculation is out; committed buyers and clear sales channels are in Variety selection must fit climate, water, disease pressure, and market identity High-input, labor-intensive designs are giving way to mechanization‑friendly trellis systems and layouts Soil and irrigation should be managed as one integrated system Living vineyard floors are key to long‑term soil health Follow and Review: If you enjoyed this episode, be sure to follow the podcast and leave a 5-star review on Apple Podcasts! Your support helps us reach more listeners. 💜 Click the ‘+’ in the top right corner of Apple Podcasts to follow now. Resources: Have a vineyard question? Go to and click the Ask Fritz button. Come grow with Fritz at ! Save $75 off your first year of membership with the code Underground at checkout. Episode Sponsor: Today’s episode was brought to you by Vigneron Toy Store and HydroGeo Environmental. Thank you to Vigneron Toy Store for sponsoring today’s episode. Vigneron Toy Store specializes in Harvesters, Sprayers, Frost Mitigation Equipment, Canopy Management Trimmers, and more. As grape growers themselves, they can expertly help you determine the best equipment for your specific vineyard needs. And, as a special offer for our podcast listeners, you can save 5% on in-stock machines by entering the promo code Underground on the contact form at . Thank you to HydroGeo Environmental for sponsoring today’s episode. For over 20 years, Bubba Beasley and his team have helped vineyard growers with site assessments, mapping, soil and groundwater evaluations, and optimal vineyard layouts. Using the latest technology and industry expertise, HydroGeo brings clarity to even the most complex landscapes. Visit and mention the Vineyard Underground podcast for a special discount on your service. Episode Credits If you like this podcast and are thinking of creating your own, consider talking to my producer, Emerald City Productions. They helped me grow and produce the podcast you are listening to right now. Find out more at . Let them know we sent you.
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099: Compatibility Test – How Do Biologicals Fit Into Your Spray Program with Katie Gold & Dave Combs
06/09/2026
099: Compatibility Test – How Do Biologicals Fit Into Your Spray Program with Katie Gold & Dave Combs
Dr. Katie Gold and Dave Combs from Cornell University join Fritz to unpack one of the most confusing topics facing winegrape growers today: how biological fungicides truly fit into a spray program. Katie explains how the Cornell grape pathology program has expanded rapidly, moving from strictly conventional efficacy trials into extensive work with biologicals as more of these products come out of R&D pipelines. She outlines why growers can’t rely on “the next new conventional” anymore and how biologicals are becoming essential tools for sustainable disease management and resistance stewardship. Dave brings decades of field experience and shares how his initial skepticism about biologicals shifted after seeing modern products perform on highly disease‑prone varieties in one of the toughest vineyards for powdery mildew, downy mildew, black rot, and bunch rots. Together, they walk through what “compatibility” really means and why water pH, formulation, and whether an organism is alive or dead matter far more than many growers realize. Listeners learn why mixing biologicals and conventionals in the same tank often provides no added control (and may waste money), where negative interactions can show up, and why tightening intervals and understanding infection periods is critical when working with protectant biologicals. In this episode, you will hear: Why more new products in the pipeline are biologicals rather than conventional chemistries How Cornell’s high‑pressure pathology vineyard reveals the real-world limits and strengths of biologicals Why many biologicals are strictly protectants and must be applied before significant disease is present How tank mixing biologicals with conventionals can reduce cost-effectiveness without improving control Why understanding water chemistry, pH, and product formulation is now an essential spray-program strategy Follow and Review: If you enjoyed this episode, be sure to follow the podcast and leave a 5-star review on Apple Podcasts! Your support helps us reach more listeners. 💜 Click the ‘+’ in the top right corner of Apple Podcasts to follow now. Resources: Have a vineyard question? Go to and click the Ask Fritz button. Come grow with Fritz at ! Save $75 off your first year of membership with the code Underground at checkout. Today’s Guest: Dr. Katie Gold is an Assistant Professor of Grape Pathology at Cornell University, where she holds primary research and extension responsibilities for grape disease management in New York State. Dave Combs is a Research & Extension Support Specialist II in Dr. Katie Gold’s Grape Pathology Laboratory at Cornell AgriTech in Geneva, New York, with 20+ years of experience in chemical and cultural grape disease management. Connect with Katie: Visit the Gold Lab to view their research work: Episode Sponsor: Today’s episode was brought to you by Shellt Grow Tubes and Vigneron Toy Store Thank you to Shellt Grow Tubes for sponsoring today’s episode. Shellt makes the ultimate grow tubes for grape vines and orchard trees. Their grow tubes are reusable, recyclable, and designed to grow with your vineyard by clicking together for taller or wider coverage. I exclusively recommend Shellt Grow Tubes to the growers I work with. Visit and order with the code UNDERGROUND to save 15% off all online orders, plus free shipping within the continental United States. Thank you to Vigneron Toy Store for sponsoring today’s episode. Vigneron Toy Store specializes in Harvesters, Sprayers, Frost Mitigation Equipment, Canopy Management Trimmers, and more. As grape growers themselves, they can expertly help you determine the best equipment for your specific vineyard needs. And, as a special offer for our podcast listeners, you can save 5% off in-stock machines by entering the promo code Underground on the contact form at . Episode Credits If you like this podcast and are thinking of creating your own, consider talking to my producer, Emerald City Productions. They helped me grow and produce the podcast you are listening to right now. Find out more at . Let them know we sent you.
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098: 3 Overlooked Vineyard Management Tasks that Pay Big Dividends
05/26/2026
098: 3 Overlooked Vineyard Management Tasks that Pay Big Dividends
Small vineyard decisions made early in the season can create major ripple effects later in the year, and in this episode, Fritz breaks down three vineyard management tasks that are frequently skipped, delayed, or underestimated despite their outsized impact on vine health, fruit quality, and long-term vineyard performance. Fritz focuses first on shoot thinning and explains why timing is everything. He walks through the economic and practical advantages of thinning early, including improved spray penetration, better airflow, easier hand harvesting, and even reduced pruning labor during dormancy. He then explains why bloom and veraison sampling windows are critical for understanding nutrient status and preventing deficiencies before they become costly problems. Lastly, he tackles water stress monitoring and the common misconceptions surrounding vineyard stress. Listen in for practical ways growers can monitor irrigation effectiveness, evaluate soil moisture, and avoid relying solely on visual assumptions about vine stress levels. Remember, better data leads to better vineyard decisions. In this episode, you will hear: Early shoot thinning can improve fruit quality, airflow, spray coverage, and long-term pruning efficiency Delayed shoot thinning increases labor costs and creates more winter pruning wounds susceptible to trunk disease Tissue sampling at bloom and veraison helps growers identify nutrient deficiencies before productivity suffers Leaf blade sampling may provide more reliable nutrient data than petiole sampling for many nutrients Water stress should be monitored with both field observation and measurable soil moisture data Excess vigor, nutrient imbalance, weather extremes, fungal disease, and insects can all contribute to flower browning during bloom Follow and Review: If you enjoyed this episode, be sure to follow the podcast and leave a 5-star review on Apple Podcasts! Your support helps us reach more listeners. 💜 Click the ‘+’ in the top right corner of Apple Podcasts to follow now. Resources: Get Fritz’s Shoot Thinning, Tissue Sampling, and Plant Stress resources available for podcast listeners at . Have a vineyard question? Go to and click the Ask Fritz button. Episode Sponsor: Today’s episode was brought to you by SensorInsight and Clemens Technologies. Thank you to SensorInsight for sponsoring today’s episode. SensorInsight is a leader in vineyard soil moisture and weather monitoring. SensorInsight designs state-of-the-art, remote satellite monitoring of soil moisture and weather, bringing actionable information for your vineyard operations straight to your phone, with real-time data so you can best decide when to turn on your irrigation, how long to run the system, and learn how the dynamics of soil moisture can change over a given season. Visit them today at . And don’t forget to mention the code Underground to receive a discount on your SensorInsight solution. Thank you to Clemens Technologies for sponsoring today’s episode. Clemens Technologies is the market leader in machinery for all elements of vineyard management. Visit and provide the code UNDERGROUND to receive 5% off your order of in-stock machinery. Or reach out to Thomas Clemens directly at with any questions. Episode Credits If you like this podcast and are thinking of creating your own, consider talking to my producer, Emerald City Productions. They helped me grow and produce the podcast you are listening to right now. Find out more at . Let them know we sent you.
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097: Fritz Reviews Reddit Viticulture Advice
05/12/2026
097: Fritz Reviews Reddit Viticulture Advice
We are back with another solo episode! Fritz dives into the world of Reddit viticulture advice to separate helpful guidance from misleading recommendations. Using real vineyard and winemaking questions pulled from Reddit threads, Fritz evaluates the quality of the responses while adding his own professional perspective. The episode covers a wide range of vineyard topics, but throughout it, Fritz highlights an important lesson for growers at every level: context matters. Many online answers contain kernels of truth, but successful vineyard management depends on site conditions, climate, soil, vine age, regional disease pressure, and long-term goals. He explains why broad internet advice often lacks the specificity growers actually need to make confident decisions. Listeners will come away with a fresh perspective on vineyard establishment, irrigation management, pruning strategies, disease prevention, and realistic expectations for small-scale winegrowing projects. In this episode, you will hear: Establishing vineyards in cool climates like the UK and Northern Europe PIWI grape varieties and disease-resistant planting strategies Realistic timelines for vineyard establishment and first harvests Challenges of starting and managing a small hobby vineyard Irrigation management for young vines during extreme summer heat Reviving neglected Frontenac and Edelweiss vineyards in the Midwest Follow and Review: If you enjoyed this episode, be sure to follow the podcast and leave a 5-star review on Apple Podcasts! Your support helps us reach more listeners. 💜 Click the ‘+’ in the top right corner of Apple Podcasts to follow now. Resources: If you’re starting a vineyard or thinking about starting a vineyard, visit to get Fritz’s online Prospective Winegrape Grower Course to help you get your vineyard planned and planted correctly from the start. Use the code PODCAST at checkout to save $89.99 as a thank you for being a podcast listener. Get more information from Fritz about soil moisture sensors – types of sensors, location and placement, installation, and understanding soil monitoring data at . Have a vineyard question? Go to and click the Ask Fritz button. Episode Sponsor: Today’s episode was brought to you by Vintner’s Vault and Vigneron Toy Store. Thank you to Vintner’s Vault for sponsoring today’s episode! Vintner’s Vault is the #1 winery equipment company that I recommend to my growers, who are also winemakers. Visit and use the code UNDERGROUND5 (all caps) to save 5% off of your online order, or mention that you heard about them on the Vineyard Underground podcast when contacting them for a larger piece of equipment, consulting services, or turn-key packages, and they will provide a podcast listener discount for you. Thank you to Vigneron Toy Store for sponsoring today’s episode. Vigneron Toy Store specializes in Harvesters, Sprayers, Frost Mitigation Equipment, Canopy Management Trimmers, and more. As grape growers themselves, they can expertly help you determine the best equipment for your specific vineyard needs. And, as a special offer for our podcast listeners, you can save 5% off in-stock machines by entering the promo code Underground on the contact form at . Episode Credits If you like this podcast and are thinking of creating your own, consider talking to my producer, Emerald City Productions. They helped me grow and produce the podcast you are listening to right now. Find out more at . Let them know we sent you.
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096: Do Plant Growth Regulators Have a Place in Winegrapes with Dr. Matthew Fidelibus
04/28/2026
096: Do Plant Growth Regulators Have a Place in Winegrapes with Dr. Matthew Fidelibus
Plant growth regulators (PGRs) are powerful tools that can dramatically influence vine performance, but they also come with complexity and risk. In this episode, Fritz welcomes back Dr. Matthew W. Fidelibus of UC Davis to explore how these compounds are used across table, raisin, and wine grape production. Dr. Fidelibus explains that PGRs include both naturally occurring plant hormones and synthetic compounds that mimic hormonal effects. While they’ve long been foundational in table grape production, their use in winegrapes is far less common and more nuanced. The conversation highlights how sensitivity to timing, rate, and variety is critical, with even small misapplications potentially affecting fruit set, bud development, or yields across multiple seasons. Fritz and Dr. Fidelibus dig into specific compounds like gibberellic acid, abscisic acid, and ethephon, discussing how they can influence berry size, cluster architecture, color development, and ripening. They also explore emerging research on improving color in virus-affected vineyards, delaying ripening in warm climates, and even modifying aroma profiles. A key takeaway is that PGRs are not a one-size-fits-all solution. They require careful evaluation, regulatory compliance, and, ideally, small-scale trials before broader use. For growers facing challenges like poor fruit set, uneven ripening, or compact clusters, these tools may offer targeted solutions — but only when used with precision and a strong understanding of vine physiology. Listeners will walk away with a clearer understanding of both the potential and the pitfalls of incorporating PGRs into vineyard management. In this episode, you will hear: Overview of plant growth regulators and how they influence vine physiology Historical use of PGRs in table and raisin grape production Key compounds like gibberellic acid, abscisic acid, and ethephon Applications for cluster thinning, berry sizing, and color development Challenges and risks of using PGRs in winegrapes Emerging research, including virus mitigation and ripening control Follow and Review: If you enjoyed this episode, be sure to follow the podcast and leave a 5-star review on Apple Podcasts! Your support helps us reach more listeners. 💜 Click the ‘+’ in the top right corner of Apple Podcasts to follow now. Resources: Come grow with Fritz through ! Save $75 off your first year of membership with the code Underground at checkout. Have a vineyard question? Go to and click the Ask Fritz button. Today’s Guest: Dr. Matthew W. Fidelibus is an extension specialist in the Department of Viticulture and Enology, UC Davis. Connect with Matthew and view his research – or follow him at Episode Sponsor: Today’s episode was brought to you by Clemens Technologies and SensorInsight. Thank you to Clemens Technologies for sponsoring today’s episode. Clemens Technologies is the market leader in machinery for all elements of vineyard management. Visit and provide the code UNDERGROUND to receive 5% off your order of in-stock machinery. Or reach out to Thomas Clemens directly at with any questions. Thank you to SensorInsight for sponsoring today’s episode. SensorInsight is a leader in vineyard soil moisture and weather monitoring. SensorInsight designs state-of-the-art, remote satellite monitoring of soil moisture and weather, bringing actionable information for your vineyard operations straight to your phone, with real-time data so you can best decide when to turn on your irrigation, how long to run the system, and learn how the dynamics of soil moisture can change over a given season. Visit them today at . And don’t forget to mention the code Underground to receive a discount on your SensorInsight solution. Episode Credits If you like this podcast and are thinking of creating your own, consider talking to my producer, Emerald City Productions. They helped me grow and produce the podcast you are listening to right now. Find out more at . Let them know we sent you.
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095: Transitioning from Conventional to Organic Grape Farming with Rob Warren
04/14/2026
095: Transitioning from Conventional to Organic Grape Farming with Rob Warren
Organic grape production is gaining momentum, but making the transition from conventional farming requires careful planning, patience, and a willingness to adapt. In this episode of Vineyard Underground, Fritz welcomes Rob Warren, owner and operator of Desert Willow Vineyard and Warren Farms in Seminole, Texas, to share his experience converting his vineyard to certified organic production. Rob explains how his agricultural background in organic row crops gave him experience with organic systems long before he applied those principles to grape growing. As consumer demand began to shift toward more natural and sustainably produced wines, wineries started seeking organic fruit, prompting Rob to pursue certification. During the conversation, Fritz and Rob walk through the realities of transitioning a vineyard to organic management. Rob discusses the three-year certification timeline, the importance of documenting the final use of conventional inputs, and the need for growers to rethink pest, disease, and weed management strategies. A major focus of the episode is that Rob uses sheep in the vineyard. The sheep help control weeds, provide natural fertilization, and even assist with canopy management by removing leaves in the fruiting zone. Throughout the episode, Rob provides honest background information on the challenges and the long-term benefits of improved soil health and stronger vine resilience. For vineyard owners considering organic production, this episode offers practical guidance and real-world lessons from a grower who has successfully made the switch. In this episode, you will hear: Market demand from wineries and consumers increasingly favors organic grape production Weed management is often the biggest early challenge when moving away from conventional herbicides Sheep can play a valuable role in weed control, fertilization, and canopy leaf removal Organic pest and disease control often requires more frequent monitoring and spray applications Soil health improvements through cover crops and livestock integration strengthen long-term vineyard resilience Follow and Review: If you enjoyed this episode, be sure to follow the podcast and leave a 5-star review on Apple Podcasts! Your support helps us reach more listeners. 💜 Click the ‘+’ in the top right corner of Apple Podcasts to follow now. Resources: Register for Fritz’s live, virtual two‑day on April 22nd and 23rd. Come grow with Fritz through ! Save $75 off your first year of membership with the code Underground at checkout. Have a vineyard question? Go to and click the Ask Fritz button. Today’s Guest: Rob Warren is the owner and operator of Desert Willow Vineyard and Warren Farms in Seminole, Texas, and a leading innovator in regenerative and organic vineyard management and farming. Connect with Rob: Facebook: Instagram: YouTube: Episode Sponsor: Today’s episode was brought to you by Clemens Technologies and Sunridge Nurseries. Thank you to Clemens Technologies for sponsoring today’s episode. Clemens Technologies is the market leader in machinery for all elements of vineyard management. Visit and provide the code UNDERGROUND to receive 5% off your order of in-stock machinery. Or reach out to Thomas Clemens directly at with any questions. Thank you to Sunridge Nurseries for sponsoring today’s episode. Sunridge Nurseries is the exclusive nursery sponsor of the Vineyard Underground podcast. They have been a family-owned company for over 45 years, and their dedicated focus on quality and consistency has grown them into the largest supplier of grapevines in both North and South America and the industry leader in nursery standards. Visit them today at and mention the code Underground to receive a podcast listener discount on your vine order. Episode Credits If you like this podcast and are thinking of creating your own, consider talking to my producer, Emerald City Productions. They helped me grow and produce the podcast you are listening to right now. Find out more at . Let them know we sent you.
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094: Vineyard Nutrition Essentials - Magnesium Fundamentals with Dr. Jaclyn Fiola
03/31/2026
094: Vineyard Nutrition Essentials - Magnesium Fundamentals with Dr. Jaclyn Fiola
In this final installment of the Vineyard Nutrition Essentials series, Fritz is joined by Dr. Jaclyn Fiola, Assistant Professor of Soil and Environmental Science at Delaware Valley University, to unpack the critical role magnesium plays in vineyard health and productivity. Building on prior discussions around potassium, the conversation explores how magnesium functions as a key macronutrient, particularly as the central component of chlorophyll and a driver of photosynthesis and energy transfer in grapevines. Dr. Fiola explains that magnesium primarily originates from soil minerals, especially in darker, magnesium-rich parent materials, and that soil characteristics such as pH, texture, moisture, and cation exchange capacity influence its availability. There is a delicate balance between magnesium, potassium, and calcium, and nutrient competition can lead to deficiencies even when soil levels appear adequate. Listeners will learn how to identify magnesium deficiency symptoms, including interveinal chlorosis in older leaves, and why these symptoms typically emerge later in the growing season. The episode also underscores the importance of accurate diagnosis through soil and tissue testing to avoid mismanagement. Listen now to learn the important role of magnesium in your vineyard. In this episode, you will hear: Magnesium as a core component of chlorophyll and photosynthesis Soil pH, texture, and moisture driving nutrient availability Competition between magnesium, potassium, and calcium Late-season deficiency symptoms and how to recognize them Importance of tissue testing for accurate diagnosis Pre-plant and in-season magnesium correction strategies Follow and Review: If you enjoyed this episode, be sure to follow the podcast and leave a 5-star review on Apple Podcasts! Your support helps us reach more listeners. 💜 Click the ‘+’ in the top right corner of Apple Podcasts to follow now. Resources: Visit to access Fritz’s how-to guides and videos for proper sampling and target nutrient values. Listen to Dr. Jaclyn Fiola’s (episode 73) to learn about the role of potassium in vineyards. Have a vineyard question? Go to and click the Ask Fritz button. Come grow with Fritz through ! Save $75 off your first year of membership with the code Underground at checkout. Today’s Guest: Dr. Jaclyn Fiola is a soil scientist who specializes in vineyard soils and soil science pedagogy. She works as an Assistant Professor of Soil and Environmental Science at Delaware Valley University. Connect with , , and view her . Episode Sponsor: Today’s episode was brought to you by Vigneron Toy Store and Shellt Grow Tubes. Thank you to Vigneron Toy Store for sponsoring today’s episode. Vigneron Toy Store specializes in Harvesters, Sprayers, Frost Mitigation Equipment, Canopy Management Trimmers, and more. As grape growers themselves, they can expertly help you determine the best equipment for your specific vineyard needs. And, as a special offer for our podcast listeners, you can save 5% off in-stock machines by entering the promo code Underground on the contact form at . Thank you to Shellt Grow Tubes for sponsoring today’s episode. Shellt makes the ultimate grow tubes for grape vines and orchard trees. Their grow tubes are reusable, recyclable, and designed to grow with your vineyard by clicking together for taller or wider coverage. I exclusively recommend Shellt Grow Tubes to the growers I work with. Visit and order with the code UNDERGROUND to save 15% off all online orders, plus free shipping within the continental United States. Episode Credits If you like this podcast and are thinking of creating your own, consider talking to my producer, Emerald City Productions. They helped me grow and produce the podcast you are listening to right now. Find out more at . Let them know we sent you.
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093: Vineyard Nutrition Essentials - Phosphorus Fundamentals with Dr. Terry Bates
03/17/2026
093: Vineyard Nutrition Essentials - Phosphorus Fundamentals with Dr. Terry Bates
Phosphorus may not grab attention like nitrogen or potassium, but it plays a foundational role in vine growth, fruit set, and overall vineyard performance. In this episode of Vineyard Underground, Fritz welcomes Dr. Terry Bates, Senior Research Associate at Cornell University and Director of the Cornell Lake Erie Research and Extension Lab for Cornell AgriTech, for a deep dive into phosphorus fundamentals. Drawing on decades of research in plant nutrition and root biology, Dr. Bates explains what phosphorus is, where it comes from, and why it is essential for grapevines at the cellular level. From its role in energy transfer and DNA structure to its influence on root growth and fruit development, phosphorus is woven into nearly every aspect of vine physiology. Vineyard owners and operators will walk away with useful guidance on managing phosphorus efficiently while protecting both yield and long-term soil health. In this episode, you will hear: Phosphorus drives energy transfer, root development, and fruit set Soil pH directly impacts phosphorus availability and uptake Mycorrhizal fungi are essential partners in grapevine phosphorus nutrition Excess phosphorus application wastes money and reduces efficiency Tissue sampling helps balance nutrient supply, uptake, and vine demand Follow and Review: If you enjoyed this episode, be sure to follow the podcast and leave a 5-star review on Apple Podcasts! Your support helps us reach more listeners. 💜 Click the ‘+’ in the top right corner of Apple Podcasts to follow now. Resources: Visit to access Fritz’s how-to guides and videos for proper sampling and target nutrient values. Learn more about Mycorrhizal Fungi in . Come grow with Fritz through ! Save $75 off your first year of membership with the code Underground at checkout. Have a vineyard question? Go to and click the Ask Fritz button. Today’s Guest: Dr. Terry Bates is the Senior Research Associate at Cornell University and the Director of the Cornell Lake Erie Research and Extension Lab for Cornell AgriTech. Connect with Terry · Cornell Research & Publications - · The Efficient Vineyard Project - Episode Sponsor: Today’s episode was brought to you by Shellt Grow Tubes and Bahco Tools. Thank you to Shellt Grow Tubes for sponsoring today’s episode. Shellt makes the ultimate grow tubes for grape vines and orchard trees. Their grow tubes are reusable, recyclable, and designed to grow with your vineyard by clicking together for taller or wider coverage. I exclusively recommend Shellt Grow Tubes to the growers I work with. Visit and order with the code UNDERGROUND to save 15% off all online orders, plus free shipping within the continental United States. Thank you to Bahco Tools for sponsoring today’s episode. As innovators for more than 165 years, Bahco has introduced the most advanced tools in the world, and Bahco products are manufactured in factories across Europe. I exclusively prune with the Bahco (size medium). Visit to find a dealer near you to get the best pruning tools on the market, along with loppers, hedging tools, cutting blades, files, and more. Episode Credits If you like this podcast and are thinking of creating your own, consider talking to my producer, Emerald City Productions. They helped me grow and produce the podcast you are listening to right now. Find out more at . Let them know we sent you.
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092: Vineyard Nutrition Essentials - Nitrogen Fundamentals with Dr. Markus Keller
03/03/2026
092: Vineyard Nutrition Essentials - Nitrogen Fundamentals with Dr. Markus Keller
In this first installment of a three-part vineyard nutrition series, Dr. Markus Keller joins us to break down one of the most influential nutrients in vineyard management: nitrogen. We explore from the ground up. Dr. Keller explains what nitrogen is, where it comes from in vineyard soils, and why it plays such a critical role in vine growth, fruit set, and overall vine performance. While nitrogen makes up 78% of the atmosphere, vines rely on soil processes to convert it into plant-available forms like nitrate. Dr. Keller details how nitrogen influences vigor, canopy density, fruit set, berry size, phenolic development, and even wine quality. The episode also dives into how soil type, organic matter, temperature, moisture, and cover crops affect nitrogen availability. For growers across diverse regions, this conversation highlights why vineyard nutrition strategies must be site-specific. Whether you're managing high-vigor blocks or navigating lean soils, episode one of our three-part series equips vineyard owners and operators with foundational knowledge to make smarter nitrogen decisions. In this episode, you will hear: Nitrogen primarily comes from soil organic matter, not rock minerals Microbial activity drives nitrogen availability in vineyards Both deficiency and excess nitrogen can reduce vine balance and fruitfulness Soil moisture and temperature strongly influence nitrogen mineralization Leaf blade tissue sampling offers improved precision for nitrogen analysis Follow and Review: If you enjoyed this episode, be sure to follow the podcast and leave a 5-star review on Apple Podcasts! Your support helps us reach more listeners. 💜 Click the ‘+’ in the top right corner of Apple Podcasts to follow now. Resources: Visit to access Fritz’s how-to guides and videos for proper sampling and target nutrient values. Have a vineyard question? Go to and click the Ask Fritz button. Today’s Guest: Dr. Markus Keller is a Distinguished Professor in Viticulture at Washington State University, a renowned viticulture researcher, and the author of The Science of Grapevines – a top reference book in the industry. He is also the Project Director for the seven-institution High Resolution Vineyard Nutrient Management Project. Connect with Markus: · Dr. Markus Keller - WSU Research & Publications - · High Resolution Vineyard Nutrient Management Project - · Order The Science of Grapevines 4th Edition - · Listen to the HiRes Vineyard Nutrition Podcast - Episode Sponsor: Today’s episode was brought to you by Bahco Tools and Shellt Grow Tubes. Thank you to Bahco Tools for sponsoring today’s episode. As innovators for more than 165 years, Bahco has introduced the most advanced tools in the world, and Bahco products are manufactured in factories across Europe. I exclusively prune with the Bahco (size medium). Visit www.bahco.com/int_en to find a dealer near you to get the best pruning tools on the market, along with loppers, hedging tools, cutting blades, files, and more. Thank you to Shellt Grow Tubes for sponsoring today’s episode. Shellt makes the ultimate grow tubes for grape vines and orchard trees. Their grow tubes are reusable, recyclable, and designed to grow with your vineyard by clicking together for taller or wider coverage. I exclusively recommend Shellt Grow Tubes to the growers I work with. Visit and order with the code UNDERGROUND to save 15% off all online orders, plus free shipping within the continental United States. Episode Credits If you like this podcast and are thinking of creating your own, consider talking to my producer, Emerald City Productions. They helped me grow and produce the podcast you are listening to right now. Find out more at . Let them know we sent you.
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091: Rare Grape Varieties & Their Wines with Jolie-Laide Wines
02/17/2026
091: Rare Grape Varieties & Their Wines with Jolie-Laide Wines
How many incredible grape varieties are hiding in plain sight — simply because they don’t fit the modern wine script? We dig into that question in this episode with Jenny and Scott Schultz of Sonoma’s Jolie-Laide Wines, a winery built around chasing the unfamiliar and turning “pretty ugly” grapes into seriously compelling wines. We trace how Jenny and Scott’s very different paths collided into a shared philosophy: start with great farming, intervene as little as possible, and let each site and vintage tell its own story. For vineyard owners and operators, the conversation opens up a practical discussion about risk, opportunity, and how alternative varieties can make both agronomic and economic sense. We also get inside their cellar to talk about what “minimal intervention” really means — early picking for natural acidity, whole-cluster fermentations, neutral barrels and concrete, and a deliberate refusal to erase vintage character. Even the labels change every year, reinforcing the idea that wine is an agricultural product, not a factory formula. The discussion dives into grapes like Melon de Bourgogne, Trousseau Gris, Scheurebe, and Mondeuse Noir, unpacking how they grow, how they’re vinified, and why they deserve a bigger spotlight. It’s a conversation about curiosity, craft, and what becomes possible when we stop playing it safe with varieties. In this episode, you will hear: Why Jolie-Laide focuses on rare and overlooked grape varieties Working with growers to graft or plant unconventional grapes Minimal intervention winemaking and whole-cluster fermentations Farming considerations for low-alcohol, high-acid styles Blending, carbonic fermentation, and managing tannin and structure Follow and Review: If you enjoyed this episode, be sure to follow the podcast and leave a 5-star review on Apple Podcasts! Your support helps us reach more listeners. 💜 Click the ‘+’ in the top right corner of Apple Podcasts to follow now. Resources: Have a vineyard question? Go to and click the Ask Fritz button. Come grow with Fritz through ! Save $75 off your first year of membership with the code Underground at checkout. Today’s Guest: Jenny and Scott Schultz are the founders and winemakers for the acclaimed Jolie-Laide Winery in Sonoma, California. Connect with Jenny and Scott: Episode Sponsor: Today’s episode was brought to you by Vintner’s Vault and Shellt Grow Tubes. Thank you to Vintner’s Vault for sponsoring today’s episode! Vintner’s Vault is the #1 winery equipment company that I recommend to my growers, who are also winemakers. Visit and use the code UNDERGROUND5 (all caps) to save 5% off of your online order, or mention that you heard about them on the Vineyard Underground podcast when contacting them for a larger piece of equipment, consulting services, or turn-key packages, and they will provide a podcast listener discount for you. Thank you to Shellt Grow Tubes for sponsoring today’s episode. Shellt makes the ultimate grow tubes for grape vines and orchard trees. Their grow tubes are reusable, recyclable, and designed to grow with your vineyard by clicking together for taller or wider coverage. I exclusively recommend Shellt Grow Tubes to the growers I work with. Visit and order with the code UNDERGROUND to save 15% off all online orders, plus free shipping within the continental United States. Episode Credits If you like this podcast and are thinking of creating your own, consider talking to my producer, Emerald City Productions. They helped me grow and produce the podcast you are listening to right now. Find out more at . Let them know we sent you.
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090: Old Vines and Argentina's Ungrafted Massale Selection with Dr. Laura Catena
02/03/2026
090: Old Vines and Argentina's Ungrafted Massale Selection with Dr. Laura Catena
Some of the world’s most valuable vineyard lessons are rooted in vines that predate modern viticulture. In this conversation, we are joined by Dr. Laura Catena to explore Argentina’s remarkable legacy of old, ungrafted vines and what they reveal about vine genetics, site expression, and long-term resilience. Drawing on her experience, Dr. Catena explains why phylloxera never devastated many Argentine vineyards and how this unique history allowed ancient vine material to survive. The discussion dives into massale selection from old vines, highlighting why genetic diversity matters — especially as vineyard owners contend with climate stress, disease pressure, and the limits of clonal uniformity. We also examine the role of Argentina’s high-altitude growing regions and how elevation influences vine physiology, flavor development, and vineyard health. These extreme sites have become a living laboratory for research, helping match plant material to specific conditions and improving long-term vineyard performance. Dr. Catena shares information from the Catena Institute of Wine’s ongoing research and how data-driven approaches can elevate both vineyard decisions and wine quality. For growers managing heritage blocks or considering massale selection in new plantings, this episode offers a compelling blend of history, science, and practical guidance — showing how preserving the past can be a powerful strategy for building the vineyards of the future. In this episode, you will hear: Why Argentina has some of the world’s oldest ungrafted vineyards The role of massale selection in preserving genetic diversity How old vines contribute to resilience and site expression The impact of altitude and climate on vine health and quality Applying research-driven insights to modern vineyard management Follow and Review: If you enjoyed this episode, be sure to follow the podcast and leave a 5-star review on Apple Podcasts! Your support helps us reach more listeners. 💜 Click the ‘+’ in the top right corner of Apple Podcasts to follow now. Resources: Come grow with Fritz through ! Save $75 off your first year of membership with the code Underground at checkout. Have a vineyard question? Go to and click the Ask Fritz button. Today’s Guest: Dr. Laura Catena is a Harvard University graduate with a Medical Doctor degree from Stanford University. She is a fourth-generation Argentine vintner at the award-winning Bodega Catena Zapata, a passionate vineyard researcher, a practicing part-time emergency medicine physician, and an author. And, in 1995, she founded the Catena Institute of Wine with the vision of making Argentine wines that could stand with the best wines in the world. Bodega Catena Zapata: Website - Instagram - YouTube - Catena Institute of Wine: Website - X - Dr Laura Catena: Instagram - LinkedIn - Books - Episode Sponsor: Today’s episode was brought to you by Sunridge Nurseries and Bahco. Thank you to Sunridge Nurseries for sponsoring today’s episode. Sunridge Nurseries is the exclusive nursery sponsor of the Vineyard Underground podcast. They have been a family-owned company for over 45 years, and their dedicated focus on quality and consistency has grown them into the largest supplier of grapevines in both North and South America and the industry leader in nursery standards. Visit them today at and mention the code Underground to receive a podcast listener discount on your vine order. Thank you to Bahco Tools for sponsoring today’s episode. As innovators for more than 165 years, Bahco has introduced the most advanced tools in the world, and Bahco products are manufactured in factories across Europe. I exclusively prune with the Bahco (size medium). Visit to find a dealer near you to get the best pruning tools on the market, along with loppers, hedging tools, cutting blades, files, and more. Episode Credits If you like this podcast and are thinking of creating your own, consider talking to my producer, Emerald City Productions. They helped me grow and produce the podcast you are listening to right now. Find out more at . Let them know we sent you.
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089: Red Flags for Planting a Vineyard with Dr. Mark Greenspan
01/20/2026
089: Red Flags for Planting a Vineyard with Dr. Mark Greenspan
Planting a vineyard is a major investment, and the decisions made before the first vine goes into the ground can determine long-term success or costly failure. In this episode, Fritz sits down with renowned viticulture expert Dr. Mark Greenspan to unpack the most common red flags vineyard owners and operators should watch for when planning a new planting. Drawing on more than three decades of scientific research and hands-on field experience, Dr. Greenspan explains why many vineyard problems originate long before planting day. Fritz and Dr. Greenspan also discuss the dangers of relying on assumptions or neighboring vineyard performance instead of site-specific data and professional evaluation. Listeners will learn why thorough pre-plant assessments — including soil testing, climate analysis, and thoughtful rootstock and variety selection — are essential risk management tools rather than optional steps. This episode is especially valuable for growers considering new vineyard development, replanting existing blocks, or expanding acreage. By understanding these early warning signs, listeners can make more informed decisions, avoid expensive mistakes, and set their vineyards up for sustainable productivity and profitability. In this episode, you will hear: Common red flags that signal potential vineyard failure before planting Why site-specific soil and climate data matter more than assumptions Risks of poor variety and rootstock selection The long-term cost of cutting corners during vineyard planning Practical steps to reduce risk and improve vineyard performance Follow and Review: If you enjoyed this episode, be sure to follow the podcast and leave a 5-star review on Apple Podcasts! Your support helps us reach more listeners. 💜 Click the ‘+’ in the top right corner of Apple Podcasts to follow now. Resources: Register for Fritz’s FREE live virtual pruning event, on January 29th at noon Central, and make sure you and your team can spot, fix, and avoid pruning mistakes this season. If you’re starting a vineyard or thinking about starting a vineyard, visit to get Fritz’s online Prospective Winegrape Grower Course to help you get your vineyard planned and planted correctly from the start. Use the code PODCAST at checkout to save $89.00 as a thank you for being a podcast listener. If you have questions about today’s episode or ideas for future episodes, go to and click the Ask Fritz button. Today’s Guest: Mark Greenspan is a viticulture expert with 3 decades of scientific, technical, and field experience. He is a Certified Crop Advisor (CCA), Certified Professional Agronomist (CPAg), and licensed Pest Control Advisor (PCA) in California and the founder of Advanced Viticulture, a leading vineyard services company in California. Learn more about Advanced Viticulture or connect with Mark: Episode Sponsor: Today’s episode was brought to you by HydroGeo Environmental and Bahco Tools. Thank you to HydroGeo Environmental for sponsoring today’s episode. For over 20 years, Bubba Beasley and his team have helped vineyard growers with site assessments, mapping, soil and groundwater evaluations, and optimal vineyard layouts. Using the latest technology and industry expertise, HydroGeo brings clarity to even the most complex landscapes. Visit and mention the Vineyard Underground podcast for a special discount on your service. Thank you to Bahco Tools for sponsoring today’s episode. As innovators for more than 165 years, Bahco has introduced the most advanced tools in the world, and Bahco products are manufactured in factories across Europe. I exclusively prune with the Bahco (size medium). Visit www.bahco.com/int_en to find a dealer near you to get the best pruning tools on the market, along with loppers, hedging tools, cutting blades, files, and more. Episode Credits If you like this podcast and are thinking of creating your own, consider talking to my producer, Emerald City Productions. They helped me grow and produce the podcast you are listening to right now. Find out more at . Let them know we sent you.
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088: Pruning Q&A with Fritz Westover
01/06/2026
088: Pruning Q&A with Fritz Westover
Pruning is one of the most influential decisions vineyard owners and operators make each season, and in this solo Q&A episode, Fritz tackles the most common — and most misunderstood — questions he hears in the field. Drawing on hands-on experience, Fritz walks listeners through the practical realities of dormant pruning, why it matters far beyond vine appearance, and how pruning choices directly impact vine balance, yield, and long-term vineyard health. Throughout the episode, Fritz addresses real-world concerns from growers, including how aggressive pruning should be, what mistakes show up most often in young versus mature vineyards, and how to adapt pruning strategies to site conditions and vine vigor. Fritz explains how pruning windows can influence bud burst and frost risk, and why “earlier is always better” isn’t necessarily true. He highlights warning signs that a vineyard may be over- or under-pruned and offers guidance for adjusting course before problems compound over multiple seasons. This episode is particularly valuable for vineyard owners who want to move beyond rote pruning rules and better understand the “why” behind their pruning decisions. By the end, listeners will have clearer expectations for what good pruning should accomplish and how small, intentional changes can pay dividends in vine performance and fruit quality over time. In this episode, you will hear: Pruning decisions directly influence vine balance, yield, and longevity Over-pruning and under-pruning both create long-term vineyard challenges Timing of pruning can affect bud break and frost exposure Vine vigor should guide pruning intensity, not habits or tradition Small adjustments made consistently can improve vineyard performance Follow and Review: If you enjoyed this episode, be sure to follow the podcast and leave a 5-star review on Apple Podcasts! Your support helps us reach more listeners. 💜 Click the ‘+’ in the top right corner of Apple Podcasts to follow now. Resources: If you have questions about today’s episode or ideas for future episodes, go to and click the Ask Fritz button. Free Pruning Events: January 15th at 5 PM Central - Cut with Confidence, Not Consequences – Register here: January 29th at 12:00 PM Central - Snip Happens: Pruning Mistakes and Fixes – Register here: Episode Sponsor: Today’s episode was brought to you by HydroGeo Environmental and SensorInsight. Thank you to HydroGeo Environmental for sponsoring today’s episode. For over 20 years, Bubba Beasley and his team have helped vineyard growers with site assessments, mapping, soil and groundwater evaluations, and optimal vineyard layouts. Using the latest technology and industry expertise, HydroGeo brings clarity to even the most complex landscapes. Visit and mention the Vineyard Underground podcast for a special discount on your service. Thank you to SensorInsight for sponsoring today’s episode. SensorInsight is a leader in vineyard soil moisture and weather monitoring. SensorInsight designs state-of-the-art, remote satellite monitoring of soil moisture and weather, bringing actionable information for your vineyard operations straight to your phone, with real-time data so you can best decide when to turn on your irrigation, how long to run the system, and learn how the dynamics of soil moisture can change over a given season. Visit them today at . And don’t forget to mention the code Underground to receive a discount on your SensorInsight solution. Episode Credits If you like this podcast and are thinking of creating your own, consider talking to my producer, Emerald City Productions. They helped me grow and produce the podcast you are listening to right now. Find out more at . Let them know we sent you.
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087: Mothballing a Vineyard - What Growers Need to Know with Dr. Christopher Chen
12/23/2025
087: Mothballing a Vineyard - What Growers Need to Know with Dr. Christopher Chen
A topic that many growers consider but few understand is mothballing a vineyard. In this episode, Fritz covers it all with Dr. Christopher Chen, Integrated Vineyard Systems Advisor with the University of California Cooperative Extension. With economic pressures, market shifts, and operational challenges affecting vineyard owners across the industry, temporarily idling a vineyard can feel like a practical option — but it comes with important agronomic, legal, and financial considerations. Dr. Chen brings a research-based, boots-on-the-ground perspective to the conversation, helping listeners understand what “mothballing” actually means in a vineyard context. Rather than a simple shutdown, he explains that mothballing requires intentional planning to preserve vine health, soil integrity, and long-term viability. Real-world questions growers are asking get answered, such as when mothballing makes sense, how long a vineyard can remain idle, and what minimum maintenance is required to avoid costly problems down the line. Dr. Chen also highlights common mistakes growers make when they cut corners too aggressively, and how those decisions can significantly increase restart costs later. Listeners will walk away with a clearer framework for evaluating whether mothballing is the right strategy for their operation, along with guidance on how to do it responsibly if they choose that path. In this episode, you will hear: What “mothballing” a vineyard really involves Situations where mothballing may make economic sense Minimum maintenance practices to protect vine health Risks related to pests, disease, and vineyard infrastructure How mothballing decisions impact future restart costs Follow and Review: If you enjoyed this episode, be sure to follow the podcast and leave a 5-star review on Apple Podcasts! Your support helps us reach more listeners. 💜 Click the ‘+’ in the top right corner of Apple Podcasts to follow now. Resources: Register for Fritz’s FREE live virtual pruning event, on January 15th at 5 PM Central, and make sure you and your crew are ready for a successful 2026 pruning season. If you have questions about today’s episode or ideas for future episodes, go to and click the Ask Fritz button. Today’s Guest: Dr Christopher Chen is an Integrated Vineyard Systems Advisor for the University of California Cooperative Extension. Connect or follow Chris - Episode Sponsor: Today’s episode was brought to you by Clemens Technologies and SensorInsight. Thank you to Clemens Technologies for sponsoring today’s episode. Clemens Technologies is the market leader in machinery for all elements of vineyard management. Visit and provide the code UNDERGROUND to receive 5% off your order of in-stock machinery. Or reach out to Thomas Clemens directly at with any questions. Thank you to SensorInsight for sponsoring today’s episode. SensorInsight is a leader in vineyard soil moisture and weather monitoring. SensorInsight designs state-of-the-art, remote satellite monitoring of soil moisture and weather, bringing actionable information for your vineyard operations straight to your phone, with real-time data so you can best decide when to turn on your irrigation, how long to run the system, and learn how the dynamics of soil moisture can change over a given season. Visit them today at . And don’t forget to mention the code Underground to receive a discount on your SensorInsight solution. Episode Credits If you like this podcast and are thinking of creating your own, consider talking to my producer, Emerald City Productions. They helped me grow and produce the podcast you are listening to right now. Find out more at . Let them know we sent you.
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086: Viticulturists vs AI with Dr. Justin Scheiner
12/09/2025
086: Viticulturists vs AI with Dr. Justin Scheiner
Growers are turning to AI for vineyard advice — but what happens when the algorithms get it wrong? In this episode, Fritz sits down with Texas A&M Extension Viticulture Specialist Dr. Justin Scheiner to put artificial intelligence to the test and reveal where it helps…and where it falls flat. Fritz and Justin walk through real vineyard questions — on pruning cuts, choosing between cane and spur pruning, designing an effective spray program, and diagnosing puzzling leaf symptoms — then grade the answers provided by AI tools like ChatGPT and Copilot. Justin explains why, despite its convenience, AI can’t replace Extension or experienced viticulture support. He breaks down how human experts interpret nuance, adapt recommendations to site-specific realities, and help growers navigate complex issues like fungicide resistance and disease pressure — areas where AI often oversimplifies to a fault. Listeners will come away with a grounded perspective on how to responsibly use AI in vineyard decision-making: as a tool for learning, not a blueprint for management. Justin also shares updates on forward-facing research at Texas A&M, including irrigation strategies powered by sensors and machine learning, and new work aimed at improving winery efficiency. In this episode, you will hear: AI can provide helpful general information — but often misses context critical for vineyard decisions. Pruning advice from AI may be incomplete or incorrect; human expertise is still essential. Spray program recommendations from AI can be risky without resistance management and site-specific strategy. Leaf symptom diagnosis requires more than a photo — pattern, vine history, and testing matter. Follow and Review: If you enjoyed this episode, be sure to follow the podcast and leave a 5-star review on Apple Podcasts! Your support helps us reach more listeners. 💜 Click the ‘+’ in the top right corner of Apple Podcasts to follow now. Resources: Register for Fritz’s FREE live virtual pruning event, , on January 15th at 5 PM Central, and make sure you and your crew are ready for a successful 2026 pruning season. If you have questions about today’s episode or ideas for future episodes, go to and click the Ask Fritz button. Today’s Guest: Dr. Justin Scheiner is an assistant professor and Extension viticulture specialist in the Department of Horticultural Sciences for Texas A&M University. Connect with Justin: Watch Justin’s presentation on The Role of Extension in the Age of AI: Episode Sponsor: Today’s episode was brought to you by Vintner’s Vault and Bahco Tools. Thank you to Vintner’s Vault for sponsoring today’s episode! Vintner’s Vault is the #1 winery equipment company that I recommend to my growers, who are also winemakers. Visit and use the code UNDERGROUND5 (all caps) to save 5% off of your online order, or mention that you heard about them on the Vineyard Underground podcast when contacting them for a larger piece of equipment, consulting services, or turn-key packages, and they will provide a podcast listener discount for you. Thank you to Bahco for sponsoring today’s episode. As innovators for more than 165 years, Bahco has introduced the most advanced tools in the world, and Bahco products are manufactured in factories across Europe. I exclusively prune with the Bacho (size medium). Visit to find a dealer near you to get the best pruning tools on the market, along with loppers, hedging tools, cutting blades, files, and more. Episode Credits If you like this podcast and are thinking of creating your own, consider talking to my producer, Emerald City Productions. They helped me grow and produce the podcast you are listening to right now. Find out more at . Let them know we sent you.
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085: Development of the Monterey County Wine Industry with Larry Bettiga
11/25/2025
085: Development of the Monterey County Wine Industry with Larry Bettiga
Fritz welcomes longtime colleague and respected viticulture authority Larry Bettiga in this episode for an in-depth look at the evolution of Monterey County’s wine industry. With more than four decades of experience, Larry offers a rare, firsthand perspective on how the region transformed from scattered early vineyards into one of the country’s most significant cool-climate grape-growing areas. Larry explains how Monterey’s dramatic coastal influence, daily wind patterns, and diverse soils shaped both the opportunities and challenges for growers. He and Fritz unpack the early years of vineyard expansion, including the misalignment of some varieties with climate conditions and how improved temperature modeling and clone selection later steered the region toward better outcomes. The conversation also explores Larry’s extensive research on rootstocks, irrigation, canopy management, and disease control. His comparison of dormant vines, green potted vines, and tall-format grafted vines provides growers with valuable, practical guidance on establishing healthy, high-performing vineyards. This episode delivers a blend of regional history, applied science, and grounded, grower-focused lessons, capped with Larry’s reflections on the future of extension work and its continued importance in California viticulture. In this episode, you will hear: How Monterey County became a major coastal winegrowing region Why early plantings struggled, and how growers adapted with better temperature and clone data A practical comparison of dormant, green, and tall-format grafted vines Lessons from decades of research on rootstocks, canopy management, and disease control The future outlook for UC Cooperative Extension in California viticulture Follow and Review: If you enjoyed this episode, be sure to follow the podcast and leave a 5-star review on Apple Podcasts! Your support helps us reach more listeners. 💜 Click the ‘+’ in the top right corner of Apple Podcasts to follow now. Resources: Register for Fritz’s FREE live virtual pruning event, , on January 15th at 5 PM Central, and make sure you and your crew are ready for a successful 2026 pruning season. If you have questions about today’s episode or ideas for future episodes, go to and click the Ask Fritz button. Today’s Guest: Larry Bettiga is a Viticulture Farm Advisor and the Acting Monterey County Director at the University of California Cooperative Extension. Connect with Larry and view his research - Episode Sponsor: Today’s episode was brought to you by Bahco Tools. As innovators for more than 165 years, Bahco has introduced the most advanced tools in the world, and Bahco products are manufactured in factories across Europe. I exclusively prune with the Bahco (size medium). Visit to find a dealer near you to get the best pruning tools on the market, along with loppers, hedging tools, cutting blades, files, and more. Episode Credits If you like this podcast and are thinking of creating your own, consider talking to my producer, Emerald City Productions. They helped me grow and produce the podcast you are listening to right now. Find out more at . Let them know we sent you.
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084: Damage Control - Voles & Other Vertebrate Pests with Kelly Mulville & Newt Wimer
11/11/2025
084: Damage Control - Voles & Other Vertebrate Pests with Kelly Mulville & Newt Wimer
Voles, gophers, and ground squirrels are more than a nuisance — they can devastate vineyards if left unchecked. In this episode, host Fritz Westover sits down with Kelly Mulville of Paicines Ranch and Newt Wimer, an agricultural innovator, to discuss practical, sustainable ways to manage these vertebrate pests. Kelly shares his firsthand experience with a sudden vole outbreak at Paicines Ranch — one of the worst he’s ever seen — and explains how quickly the damage escalated. He walks through the telltale signs of vole damage, how girdling kills vines, and why population cycles and rainfall patterns play a role in outbreaks. Newt provides insight into developing an organic-approved, non-poisonous control technology that uses liquid CO₂ to safely and efficiently manage underground pests without harming predators or soil ecology. Together, they emphasize that pest management must balance ecological health, economics, and innovation. Listeners will learn how combining predator support (owls, weasels), physical barriers, and new technologies can help reduce damage sustainably. The conversation also highlights ongoing efforts at Paicines Ranch to create regenerative systems that share successes and failures openly, helping the vineyard community at large. In this episode, you will hear: Voles, gophers, and ground squirrels can cause extensive vineyard damage, especially through girdling and root feeding. Outbreaks are cyclical and may correspond with wetter years that promote vole breeding. Physical barriers like vole tubes and underground fencing can protect vines—but must be properly installed and buried. Encouraging natural predators such as owls and weasels significantly supports organic pest control. New cryogenic CO₂ technology offers a fast, organic-approved, and cost-effective solution for underground pest management. Follow and Review: If you enjoyed this episode, be sure to follow the podcast and leave a 5-star review on Apple Podcasts! Your support helps us reach more listeners. 💜 Click the ‘+’ in the top right corner of Apple Podcasts to follow now. Resources: Come grow with Fritz through ! Save $75 off your first year of membership with the code Underground at checkout. Have a vineyard question? Go to and click the Ask Fritz button. Listen to Kelly Mulville’s previous episode – . Today’s Guests: Kelly Mulville is a global agricultural consultant and the Vineyard Director at Paicines Ranch in San Benito County, California. Connect with Kelly at Follow Paicines Ranch: Instagram: Facebook: YouTube: Newt Wimer specializes in product development for agriculture and developed the first organic-approved squirrel and gopher control device. Connect with Newt – Episode Sponsor: Thank you to SensorInsight for sponsoring today’s episode. SensorInsight is a leader in vineyard soil moisture and weather monitoring. SensorInsight designs state-of-the-art, remote satellite monitoring of soil moisture and weather, bringing actionable information for your vineyard operations straight to your phone, with real-time data so you can best decide when to turn on your irrigation, how long to run the system, and learn how the dynamics of soil moisture can change over a given season. Visit them today at . And don’t forget to mention the code Underground to receive a discount on your SensorInsight solution. Episode Credits If you like this podcast and are thinking of creating your own, consider talking to my producer, Emerald City Productions. They helped me grow and produce the podcast you are listening to right now. Find out more at . Let them know we sent you.
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083: Plan My Vineyard with Callil Capuozzo
10/28/2025
083: Plan My Vineyard with Callil Capuozzo
In this episode, Fritz sits down with Callil Capuozzo, the founder and owner of Overhead Vineyards in coastal Rhode Island. Callil shares his unique journey from industrial designer to vineyard owner and walks through the challenges of starting a vineyard on existing farmland. The conversation explores the critical early decisions in vineyard development — from soil sampling and drainage considerations to choosing trellis systems that suit humid, fog-prone climates. Callil’s experiment with a pergola-style trellis, inspired by traditional Albarino vineyards in Rías Baixas, Spain, sparks a deeper discussion on airflow, spray coverage, disease pressure, and long-term scalability. Fritz offers practical guidance on establishing vineyard infrastructure, exploring options like high cordon or Watson systems, managing pests such as Japanese beetles and downy mildew, and the importance of fencing for deer and bird pressure. The episode also dives into variety selection, weighing the benefits of hybrids like Traminette, Baco Noir, and Itasca against the disease challenges of vinifera varieties. Listeners will learn how to match site-specific factors with smart vineyard design decisions and how to plan gradual expansion while keeping labor and management sustainable. It’s an inspiring and technical roadmap for anyone looking to scale from first planting to a working vineyard. In this episode, you will hear: Site evaluation is essential — good drainage and slope can make or break vineyard success Trellis systems should balance airflow, sun exposure, and ease of labor Pergola trellises offer unique benefits, but can become challenging at scale Hybrids are smart choices for humid regions with high disease pressure Start small, expand gradually, and adapt systems as you learn Follow and Review: If you enjoyed this episode, be sure to follow the podcast and leave a 5-star review on Apple Podcasts! Your support helps us reach more listeners. 💜 Click the ‘+’ in the top right corner of Apple Podcasts to follow now. Resources: If you’re interested in Fritz’s help with getting your vineyard planned and planted, learn more about his Vineyard Establishment Package at . And use the code GetEstablished to save $499 off your purchase of this package as a thank you for being a podcast listener. Learn more about the . If you have questions about today’s episode or ideas for future episodes, go to and click the Ask Fritz button. Today’s Guest: Callil Capuozzo is the founder and owner of Overhead Vineyards in coastal Rhode Island. Connect with Callil or learn more about Overhead Vineyards. Website – Instagram – Episode Sponsor: Thank you to SensorInsight for sponsoring today’s episode. SensorInsight is a leader in vineyard soil moisture and weather monitoring. SensorInsight designs state-of-the-art, remote satellite monitoring of soil moisture and weather, bringing actionable information for your vineyard operations straight to your phone, with real-time data so you can best decide when to turn on your irrigation, how long to run the system, and learn how the dynamics of soil moisture can change over a given season. Visit them today at . And don’t forget to mention the code Underground to receive a discount on your SensorInsight solution. Episode Credits If you like this podcast and are thinking of creating your own, consider talking to my producer, Emerald City Productions. They helped me grow and produce the podcast you are listening to right now. Find out more at . Let them know we sent you.
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082: How Vines are Made with Dustin Hooper
10/14/2025
082: How Vines are Made with Dustin Hooper
In this episode of Vineyard Underground, Fritz welcomes Dustin Hooper, Vice President of Sales at Sunridge Nurseries, to take listeners behind the scenes of how grapevines are made. While growers see the final product when vines arrive at their vineyard, there’s a fascinating process that begins long before planting — starting with certified mother vines and continuing through propagation, grafting, greenhouse production, and certification. Dustin shares his personal journey into the nursery business and offers an insider’s perspective on the complexities of producing clean, reliable vines for commercial vineyards. Together, Fritz and Dustin explore the differences between own-rooted versus grafted vines, the pros and cons of dormant bare-root versus greenhouse formats, and innovations such as tall and medium-trained vines. They also cover critical topics like soil and water testing, rootstock selection, and how clones are chosen to fine-tune vineyard performance and wine style. A key part of the discussion is the rigorous certification process overseen by UC Davis Foundation Plant Services and state agencies to ensure vines are tested and free from major viruses before they ever reach a vineyard. Dustin emphasizes that selecting the right vine format, rootstock, and clone isn’t just about availability — it’s about long-term success, sustainability, and profitability. Listeners will come away with a deeper understanding of the nursery side of viticulture and gain practical insights into how to make informed decisions when ordering vines for their vineyard. In this episode, you will hear: The difference between own-rooted and grafted vines, and when each is appropriate Pros and cons of dormant bare-root vs. greenhouse-grown vines How tall and medium-trained vines can help in specific planting scenarios Why rootstock and clone selection are critical to vineyard success The rigorous certification and testing process that protects growers from viruses Follow and Review: If you enjoyed this episode, be sure to follow the podcast and leave a 5-star review on Apple Podcasts! Your support helps us reach more listeners. 💜 Click the ‘+’ in the top right corner of Apple Podcasts to follow now. Resources: Access Fritz’s resources to protect your investment, grow your vineyard, and Be a Better Grape Grower in your first three years of vineyard establishment. If you have questions about today’s episode or ideas for future episodes, go to and click the Ask Fritz button. Today’s Guest: Dustin Hooper is the Vice President of Sales at Sunridge Nurseries Inc., and a leading expert in the grapevine nursery industry. Connect with Dustin - Episode Sponsor: Thank you to Sunridge Nurseries for sponsoring today’s episode. Sunridge Nurseries is the exclusive nursery sponsor of the Vineyard Underground podcast. They have been a family-owned company for over 45 years, and their dedicated focus on quality and consistency has grown them into the largest supplier of grapevines in both North and South America and the industry leader in nursery standards. Visit them today at and mention the code Underground to receive a podcast listener discount on your vine order. Thank you to Shellt Grow Tubes for sponsoring today’s episode. Shellt makes the ultimate grow tubes for grape vines and orchard trees. Their grow tubes are reusable, recyclable, and designed to grow with your vineyard by clicking together for taller or wider coverage. I exclusively recommend Shellt Grow Tubes to the growers I work with. Visit and order with the code UNDERGROUND to save 15% off all online orders, plus free shipping within the continental United States. Episode Credits If you like this podcast and are thinking of creating your own, consider talking to my producer, Emerald City Productions. They helped me grow and produce the podcast you are listening to right now. Find out more at . Let them know we sent you.
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081: Transitioning from Grape Grower to Winemaker with Jim Duane – Part 2
09/30/2025
081: Transitioning from Grape Grower to Winemaker with Jim Duane – Part 2
In this episode of Vineyard Underground, Fritz continues his conversation with winemaker and Inside Winemaking podcast host Jim Duane on what it takes for grape growers to successfully step into winemaking. Following part one, which covered equipment, compliance, and basic chemistry, part two dives deeper into the realities of balancing vineyard management with winery responsibilities. Fritz and Jim explore how harvest decisions shift when you’re making wine from your own fruit, weighing risks like weather and pests against the pursuit of higher quality. Jim shares how winemakers must rethink priorities, and they also break down which lab analyses should be done in-house versus outsourced. The discussion covers the intense workload during harvest, how to plan labor needs, and the value of building a team to avoid burnout. Jim stresses the importance of advance planning to manage the overlapping demands of the vineyard and the winery. He also highlights common mistakes growers face when starting out, including mismanaging SO2 additions, misinterpreting acidity, and relying on incomplete fermentation data. The episode closes with practical advice and resources for aspiring winemakers, from small-scale home fermentations to structured courses and workshops. Fritz and Jim encourage growers to start experimenting, make manageable mistakes, and seek mentorship to build both confidence and competence before fully scaling their operations. In this episode, you will hear: How harvest decisions shift when growers begin making their own wine Why budgeting for laboratory analyses is non-negotiable in commercial winemaking Common mistakes with SO2, acidity adjustments, and fermentation management The importance of advance planning to balance vineyard and winery demands Practical resources and training opportunities for new winemakers Follow and Review: If you enjoyed this episode, be sure to follow the podcast and leave a 5-star review on Apple Podcasts! Your support helps us reach more listeners. 💜 Click the ‘+’ in the top right corner of Apple Podcasts to follow now. Resources: Watch Jim’s video on how to measure . If you have questions about today’s episode or ideas for future episodes, go to and click the Ask Fritz button. Come grow with Fritz through ! Save $75 off your first year of membership with the code Underground at checkout. Today’s Guest: Jim Duane is the head winemaker at in Napa Valley and the host of the podcast. Connect with Jim, learn about upcoming winemaking courses and classes, and listen to the podcast at or follow him on Instagram: or YouTube: . Episode Sponsor: Today’s episode was brought to you by Vintner’s Vault. Vintner’s Vault was started and is operated by winemakers, so they have the knowledge and experience to help you make an educated decision on the equipment purchases and winery set-up and layouts that are best for you. They are the #1 winery equipment company that I recommend to my growers, who are also winemakers. Visit and use the code UNDERGROUND5 (all caps) to save 5% off of your online order, or mention that you heard about them on the Vineyard Underground podcast when contacting them for a larger piece of equipment, consulting services, or turn-key packages, and they will provide a podcast listener discount for you. Episode Credits If you like this podcast and are thinking of creating your own, consider talking to my producer, Emerald City Productions. They helped me grow and produce the podcast you are listening to right now. Find out more at . Let them know we sent you.
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080: Transitioning from Grape Grower to Winemaker with Jim Duane - Part 1
09/16/2025
080: Transitioning from Grape Grower to Winemaker with Jim Duane - Part 1
Many vineyard owners eventually consider moving beyond grape growing into winemaking, whether to create a new revenue stream, take control of their fruit, or explore a more creative outlet. In this episode, we welcome winemaker and podcaster Jim Duane of Seavey Vineyard and the Inside Winemaking podcast for the first part of a two-part discussion on how growers can make this transition successfully. The conversation discusses the mindset, skills, and resources needed to move from vineyard to cellar. Jim shares why a formal chemistry degree isn’t required to produce quality wine, how growers can build confidence in their palate, and which common flaws are most important to recognize early. He also outlines three stages of winemaking where growers need to focus their attention: harvest chemistry, fermentation management, and post-fermentation protection. Listeners will also gain insight into the required equipment for red and white winemaking, the importance of temperature control at each stage, and why barrels can be a turning point for quality. Fritz and Jim round out the discussion with advice on navigating licensing, compliance, and regulatory hurdles, plus a look at custom crush facilities as an option for growers who want to test the waters without a full winery investment. This episode delivers practical, confidence-building advice for any grower curious about making wine and lays the foundation for part two, where the focus shifts to how vineyard practices change once you’re also the winemaker. In this episode, you will hear: Why a chemistry degree isn’t necessary to make quality wine Three key stages of winemaking where growers must focus their attention The most common wine flaws every new winemaker should learn to detect Equipment essentials for red and white winemaking at a small scale How custom crush operations can help growers test the waters before fully committing Follow and Review: If you enjoyed this episode, be sure to follow the podcast and leave a 5-star review on Apple Podcasts! Your support helps us reach more listeners. 💜 Click the ‘+’ in the top right corner of Apple Podcasts to follow now. Resources: If you have questions about today’s episode or ideas for future episodes, go to and click the Ask Fritz button. Come grow with Fritz through ! Save $75 off your first year of membership with the code Underground at checkout. Today’s Guest: Jim Duane is the head winemaker at in Napa Valley and the host of the podcast. Connect with Jim, learn about upcoming winemaking courses and classes, and listen to the podcast at . Episode Sponsor: Today’s episode was brought to you by Vintner’s Vault. Vintner’s Vault was started and is operated by winemakers, so they have the knowledge and experience to help you make an educated decision on the equipment purchases and winery set up and layouts that are best for you. They are the #1 winery equipment company that I recommend to my growers, who are also winemakers. Visit and use the code UNDERGROUND5 (all caps) to save 5% off of your online order or mention that you heard about them on the Vineyard Underground podcast when contacting them for a larger piece of equipment, consulting services, or turn-key packages and they will provide a podcast listener discount for you. Episode Credits If you like this podcast and are thinking of creating your own, consider talking to my producer, Emerald City Productions. They helped me grow and produce the podcast you are listening to right now. Find out more at . Let them know we sent you.
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079: Plan My Vineyard with Matthieu Wheeler
09/02/2025
079: Plan My Vineyard with Matthieu Wheeler
In this episode, Fritz walks through the full planning process for a brand-new vineyard alongside guest Matthieu Wheeler. Matthieu, the winemaker at Cassidy Hill Vineyard in Connecticut and founder of Wheeler Winery, is preparing to establish his own vineyard on a newly purchased property. With Fritz’s guidance, listeners get a behind-the-scenes look at what goes into selecting vineyard sites, designing blocks, and preparing the land for long-term success. Fritz and Matthieu cover vineyard economics, including the realistic costs of establishing and maintaining vines, equipment investments, and the role of sweat equity. They also explore soil testing, nutrient management, and the importance of addressing amendments before planting. The conversation digs into key topics such as vineyard orientation, trellis design, row spacing, mechanization potential, and wildlife management. Fritz also emphasizes strategies to minimize risks from frost events, disease pressure, and poor site preparation. Whether you’re a prospective grower or expanding your existing operation, this episode provides guidance and a real-world example of how thoughtful planning lays the groundwork for decades of vineyard success. In this episode, you will hear: The importance of soil testing and incorporating amendments before planting Budgeting realistically for vineyard establishment and equipment needs Balancing wine program goals with varieties suited to local conditions Considering labor, mechanization, and long-term management in vineyard design Why starting small and scaling over time helps new growers avoid costly mistakes Follow and Review: If you enjoyed this episode, be sure to follow the podcast and leave a 5-star review on Apple Podcasts! Your support helps us reach more listeners. 💜 Click the ‘+’ in the top right corner of Apple Podcasts to follow now. Resources: If you’re interested in Fritz’s help with getting your vineyard planned and planted, learn more about his Vineyard Establishment Package at https://www. and use the code GetEstablished to save $499 off your purchase of this package as a thank you for being a podcast listener. If you have questions about today’s episode or ideas for future episodes, go to and click the Ask Fritz button. Today’s Guest: Matthieu Wheeler is the winemaker at Cassidy Hill Vineyard and the founder and owner of Wheeler Winery. Connect with Matthieu or learn more about Cassidy Hill Vineyard and Wheeler Winery. Cassidy Hill Vineyard Website - Facebook - Wheeler Winery Website - Instagram - Episode Sponsor: Today’s episode was brought to you by Vigneron Toy Store. Vigneron Toy Store specializes in Harvesters, Sprayers, Frost Mitigation Equipment, Canopy Management Trimmers, and more. As grape growers themselves, they can expertly help you determine the best equipment for your specific vineyard needs. And, as a special offer for our podcast listeners, you can save 5% off in-stock machines by entering the promo code Underground on the contact form at . Episode Credits If you like this podcast and are thinking of creating your own, consider talking to my producer, Emerald City Productions. They helped me grow and produce the podcast you are listening to right now. Find out more at . Let them know we sent you.
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078: Beyond Organic Wine with Adam Huss
08/19/2025
078: Beyond Organic Wine with Adam Huss
In this episode of Vineyard Underground, Fritz welcomes Adam Huss — host of the Beyond Organic Wine podcast, winemaker at Centralas Wine, and creator of the Crenshaw Cru Wine Garden in South Los Angeles. Adam shares his unconventional path into winemaking, beginning with a career in the nonprofit sector before launching a winery focused on ecological and community-driven practices. The conversation explores Adam’s philosophy of going “beyond organic” to embrace an ecological approach to winegrowing — one that avoids getting boxed into industry buzzwords and instead focuses on the interconnectedness of soil, plants, people, and place. He discusses his work with regenerative agriculture pioneer Kelly Mulville at Paicines Ranch, his shift toward sourcing local fruit (including prickly pears and other native plants), and his experimentation with vitiforestry — a centuries-old practice of integrating grapevines with trees to create resilient, biodiverse systems. Adam also explains how transparency in winemaking, creative use of wild or locally abundant ingredients, and community involvement shape his vision for wine that is both place-specific and environmentally sound. Listeners will hear stories from his LA-based wine garden, lessons from crop failures, and his plans for a vitiforestry project in New York that could produce wines unlike anything on the market. Whether you grow grapes conventionally, organically, or somewhere in between, Adam’s journey offers a fresh perspective on how to balance environmental stewardship, economic sustainability, and community engagement in vineyard operations. In this episode, you will hear: How “beyond organic” focuses on ecological connections rather than labels Lessons from Paicines Ranch on listening to the land before planting The concept and practice of vitiforestry, from hedgerows to “married vines” Creative use of local and wild ingredients in winemaking The role of community in sustainable agriculture and wine culture Follow and Review: If you enjoyed this episode, be sure to follow the podcast and leave a 5-star review on Apple Podcasts! Your support helps us reach more listeners. 💜 Click the ‘+’ in the top right corner of Apple Podcasts to follow now. Resources: Join Fritz live to learn about What Our Grapevine Leaves Are Telling Us – Diagnosing & Treating Symptoms on August 26, 2025 | 5:00-6:30 PM CST. Register for FREE - . Schedule your 15-minute FREE vineyard help call with Fritz for the week of August 25th at . Come grow with Fritz through ! Save $75 off your first year of membership with the code Underground at checkout. If you have questions about today’s episode or ideas for future episodes, go to and click the Ask Fritz button. Today’s Guest: Adam Huss is the podcast host of the Beyond Organic Wine podcast, the owner and winemaker for Centralas Wine in LA, and the creator of Crenshaw Cru Winegarden in South LA. Connect with Adam: Beyond Organic Wine Podcast Website - Instagram - Crenshaw Cru - Perennial Winegarden & Centralas Winery Website - Instagram and Blog - Episode Sponsor: Today’s episode was brought to you by Clemens Technologies. Clemens Technologies is the market leader in machinery for all elements of vineyard management. Visit and provide the code UNDERGROUND to receive 5% off your order of in-stock machinery. Or reach out to Thomas Clemens directly at with any questions. Episode Credits If you like this podcast and are thinking of creating your own, consider talking to my producer, Emerald City Productions. They helped me grow and produce the podcast you are listening to right now. Find out more at . Let them know we sent you.
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077: Transitioning Vineyards to Regenerative Organic Certification with Hilary Graves
08/05/2025
077: Transitioning Vineyards to Regenerative Organic Certification with Hilary Graves
In this episode, we welcome Hilary Graves, Vineyard and Grower Relations Manager at Booker Wines, to discuss how she successfully transitioned an Organic vineyard to regenerative organic certification. With over 20 years of field experience on California’s Central Coast, Hilary brings practical strategies and candid stories about what it really takes to move beyond standard organic practices. Hilary explains the core pillars of regenerative organic certification — soil health, social fairness, and animal welfare — and why she and the team at Booker Wines chose to pursue this path. She walks listeners through how integrating multi-species cover crops, implementing low-till and no-till practices, and bringing in grazing livestock have helped improve soil structure, increase water retention, and reduce reliance on inputs. Fritz and Hilary also dig into the challenges of vineyard mechanization on steep terrain, minimizing tractor passes, and creative pest control strategies, including releasing predatory lacewings by drone to combat leafhoppers. Whether you’re already farming organically or just exploring what’s next, this episode offers tangible examples of how even small changes can drive long-term benefits for your soil, your business, and the environment. In this episode, you will hear: The difference between organic and regenerative organic certification How to build a diverse cover crop blend (and why 15 species might be better than five) Using a Yeomans plow to increase water infiltration without disturbing soil structure Grazing sheep for cover crop termination in a mutually beneficial partnership Why releasing beneficial insects by drone can outpace traditional sprays for pest control Follow and Review: If you enjoyed this episode, be sure to follow the podcast and leave a 5-star review on Apple Podcasts! Your support helps us reach more listeners. 💜 Click the ‘+’ in the top right corner of Apple Podcasts to follow now. Resources: Schedule your 15-minute FREE vineyard help call with Fritz for the week of August 25th at . Join Fritz live to learn about What Our Grapevine Leaves Are Telling Us – Diagnosing & Treating Symptoms on August 26, 2025 | 5:00-6:30 PM CST. Register for FREE - . If you’re starting a vineyard or thinking about starting a vineyard, visit to get Fritz’s online Prospective Winegrape Grower Course to help you get your vineyard planned and planted correctly from the start. Use the code PODCAST at checkout to save $89.00 as a thank you for being a podcast listener. If you have questions about today’s episode or ideas for future episodes, go to and click the Ask Fritz button. Today’s Guest: Hilary Graves is a winegrower, winemaker, and viticulture educator with more than 20 years of field experience on California’s Central Coast. She currently works as the Vineyard & Grower Relations Manager for Booker Wines in Paso Robles, CA. Connect with Hilary and learn more about Booker Wines - or follow her at or Episode Sponsor: Today’s episode was brought to you by Clemens Technologies. Clemens Technologies is the market leader in machinery for all elements of vineyard management. Visit and provide the code UNDERGROUND to receive 5% off your order of in-stock machinery. Or reach out to Thomas Clemens directly at with any questions. Episode Credits: If you like this podcast and are thinking of creating your own, consider talking to my producer, Emerald City Productions. They helped me grow and produce the podcast you are listening to right now. Find out more at . Let them know we sent you.
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076: Growing Grapes Around the World – England with Dr. Belinda Kemp
07/22/2025
076: Growing Grapes Around the World – England with Dr. Belinda Kemp
In this episode of Vineyard Underground, we welcome Dr. Belinda Kemp, viticulture and enology researcher at NIAB in East Malling, England, to explore the evolving wine industry in the UK. With a background in theatrical arts and a PhD in Pinot Noir, Dr. Kemp brings a dynamic perspective to the scientific and practical aspects of cool climate viticulture. The conversation covers England’s emerging reputation for sparkling wine, the impact of climate variability on grape production, and the country's increasing focus on sustainability and innovation. Dr. Kemp discusses the shift from traditional varieties like Chardonnay and Pinot Noir toward disease-resistant hybrid grapes, including the introduction of PiWi varieties. She shares the challenges of managing common diseases like downy and powdery mildew and emerging threats like black rot. Listeners also get a glimpse into the latest research projects at NIAB, including the effects of pruning methods on yield, the role of calcium in sparkling wine stability, and the use of companion plants to improve vineyard biodiversity. Dr. Kemp explains how NIAB integrates technology and sustainability — from acoustic soil monitoring to underground rhizolabs — to support growers and improve wine quality. Whether you grow grapes in England or a similar cool, wet climate like the eastern U.S. or Canada, this episode offers applicable knowledge for tackling vineyard challenges and embracing innovation. In this episode, you will hear: England's wine industry is expanding rapidly, with a strong focus on sparkling wines New disease-resistant grape varieties are being trialed to meet climate and production demands Variability in spring weather creates challenges for cover crops, planting, and pest pressure Calcium stability is becoming an issue in sparkling wine production — NIAB is studying causes and solutions Companion planting and acoustic soil monitoring are part of a systems approach to regenerative viticulture Follow and Review: If you enjoyed this episode, be sure to follow the podcast and leave a 5-star review on Apple Podcasts! Your support helps us reach more listeners. 💜 Click the ‘+’ in the top right corner of Apple Podcasts to follow now. Resources: Join Fritz live to learn about What Our Grapevine Leaves Are Telling Us – Diagnosing & Treating Symptoms on August 26, 2025 | 5:00-6:30 PM CST. Register for FREE - https://www.virtualviticultureacademy.com/symptons. If you’re starting a vineyard or thinking about starting a vineyard, visit to get Fritz’s online Prospective Winegrape Grower Course to help you get your vineyard planned and planted correctly from the start. Use the code PODCAST at checkout to save $89.00 as a thank you for being a podcast listener. If you have questions about today’s episode or ideas for future episodes, go to and click the Ask Fritz button. Today’s Guest: Dr. Belinda Kemp is a Group Leader for Viticulture and Oenology Research at the new Wine Innovation Centre in East Malling, Kent, UK. Her current research encompasses vineyard to final sparkling wine research that includes regenerative viticulture practices, Net Zero grape growing, sparkling wine flavor, and cool climate still winemaking. Connect with Belinda and view her research - . Episode Sponsor: Today’s episode was brought to you by Sunridge Nurseries Thank you to Sunridge Nurseries for sponsoring today’s episode. Sunridge Nurseries is the exclusive nursery sponsor of the Vineyard Underground podcast. They have been a family-owned company for over 45 years, and their dedicated focus on quality and consistency has grown them into the largest supplier of grapevines in both North and South America and the industry leader in nursery standards. Visit them today at and mention the code Underground to receive a podcast listener discount on your vine order. Episode Credits If you like this podcast and are thinking of creating your own, consider talking to my producer, Emerald City Productions. They helped me grow and produce the podcast you are listening to right now. Find out more at . Let them know we sent you.
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075: The Importance of Mycorrhizal Fungi for Vineyard Health with Dr. R. Paul Schreiner
07/08/2025
075: The Importance of Mycorrhizal Fungi for Vineyard Health with Dr. R. Paul Schreiner
In this episode of Vineyard Underground, Fritz welcomes Dr. R. Paul Schreiner, recently retired research plant physiologist from the USDA, for a deep dive into the fascinating world of mycorrhizal fungi and their impact on vineyard health. With over two decades of research experience in grapevine physiology and root biology, Dr. Schreiner shares the critical roles these fungi play in nutrient uptake, root efficiency, drought tolerance, and overall soil structure. Fritz and Dr. Schreiner explore what arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are, how they form symbiotic relationships with grapevine roots, and why grapes are considered “super hosts.” They discuss how AMF enhances phosphorus acquisition, especially in low-P soils, and how they support the uptake of other nutrients like potassium, zinc, and copper. They also talk about factors that suppress or encourage fungal colonization, such as excessive fertilization, cultivation, cover cropping, and herbicide use. Dr. Schreiner also previews ongoing research from the , which is helping redefine best practices for tissue sampling and nutrient timing. Whether you’re planting a new vineyard or managing an established one, this episode offers an essential look at how understanding underground biology can elevate your vineyard management decisions. In this episode, you will hear: How grapevines form symbiotic relationships with mycorrhizal fungi Why phosphorus is the most important nutrient supported by AMF The effects of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization on fungal colonization Whether commercial AMF inoculants are worth the investment Practices that promote healthy fungal populations in vineyard soil Follow and Review: If you enjoyed this episode, be sure to follow the podcast and leave a 5-star review on Apple Podcasts! Your support helps us reach more listeners. 💜 Click the ‘+’ in the top right corner of Apple Podcasts to follow now. Resources: If you are starting a vineyard or thinking about starting a vineyard, apply to be on the podcast for Fritz’s help planning your vineyard – Come grow with Fritz through ! Save $75 off your first year of membership with the code Underground at checkout. Today’s Guest: Dr. R. Paul Schreiner is a research plant physiologist specializing in research on grapevine physiology with a focus on plant nutrition and the functioning of roots and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. He is currently working with the Project as a co-director, leading the plant nutrition and product quality group. Connect with Paul through the High Resolution Vineyard Nutrient Management Project: . Episode Sponsor: Today’s episode was brought to you by the Inside Winemaking podcast. Thank you to the Inside Winemaking podcast for sponsoring today’s episode. To learn more about the art & science of winemaking with Jim Duane, visit and listen to the Inside Winemaking podcast on your favorite podcast app with new episodes releasing every other Tuesday. Episode Credits If you like this podcast and are thinking of creating your own, consider talking to my producer, Emerald City Productions. They helped me grow and produce the podcast you are listening to right now. Find out more at . Let them know we sent you.
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074: Variation in Young Vine Training in Diverse Climates
06/24/2025
074: Variation in Young Vine Training in Diverse Climates
In this solo episode, we take a deep dive into the many variables that influence young vine training in different climates. Listeners will gain a clear understanding of how climate, trellis selection, rootstock vigor, and regional weather risks shape vine training strategies. Fritz explains how cold-climate growers often rely on double trunks or “spare parts viticulture” to prepare for winter damage, while warmer-climate vineyards may benefit from fast-tracking techniques like green topping and one-shoot training for quicker vineyard establishment. We walk through scenarios where single-trunk systems are ideal, when to consider double trunks, and how the practice of renewing trunks every few years can extend vine longevity. We also break down when to use green topping, how to avoid bull canes, and why mature leaves on developing trunks should never be removed. Growers will leave this episode with specific, actionable tips to match their training approach to their unique vineyard conditions, helping them improve both short-term success and long-term vineyard health. In this episode, you will hear: Differences between trellis systems and vine training systems When and why to use single vs. double trunk strategies What “spare parts viticulture” is and where it makes sense Green topping and other fast-tracking methods explained How to manage training for high- and low-vigor vineyard sites Follow and Review: If you enjoyed this episode, be sure to follow the podcast and leave a 5-star review on Apple Podcasts! Your support helps us reach more listeners. 💜 Click the ‘+’ in the top right corner of Apple Podcasts to follow now. Resources: Check out Fritz’s additional resources to help you care for your vines and vineyard in years 1-3 at . If you have questions about today’s episode or ideas for future episodes, go to and click the Ask Fritz button. Episode Sponsor: Today’s episode was brought to you by Sunridge Nurseries and the Inside Winemaking podcast. Thank you to Sunridge Nurseries for sponsoring today’s episode. Sunridge Nurseries is the exclusive nursery sponsor of the Vineyard Underground podcast. They have been a family-owned company for over 45 years, and their dedicated focus on quality and consistency has grown them into the largest supplier of grapevines in both North and South America and the industry leader in nursery standards. Visit them today at and mention the code Underground to receive a podcast listener discount on your vine order. Thank you to the Inside Winemaking podcast for sponsoring today’s episode. To learn more about the art & science of winemaking with Jim Duane, visit and listen to the Inside Winemaking podcast on your favorite podcast app with new episodes releasing every other Tuesday. Episode Credits If you like this podcast and are thinking of creating your own, consider talking to my producer, Emerald City Productions. They helped me grow and produce the podcast you are listening to right now. Find out more at . Let them know we sent you.
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