Fresh Thinking by Snowden Optiro

News and information from the world of geology and mining, Fresh Thinking by Snowden Optiro provides a new perspective on the mining industry and seeks to educate on best practice. Snowden Optiro is a resources consulting and advisory group that provides independent advice, consulting and training to mining and exploration companies, their advisors and investors. We help mine developers to advance their projects, mining companies to improve their operations and their professionals, and investors to derisk their investments by the provision of quality advice, training and software in the field of Mineral Resources and Mineral/Ore Reserves. contact@snowdenoptiro.com www.snowdenoptiro.com Snowden Optiro Mining Advisory Consulting, Software and Training.

Ep 151: When Bigger Isn’t Better: Rethinking Resource Model Size 03/10/2026

Ep 151: When Bigger Isn’t Better: Rethinking Resource Model Size In this episode of Fresh Thinking by Snowden Optiro, Jamie Oppelaar (Senior Consultant) and Tarrant Elkington (General Manager) discuss a growing challenge in mining: resource models are getting bigger and bigger. More blocks, more attributes, more simulations. While this can improve geological representation, it can also slow down optimisation, scheduling and everyday planning decisions. So how do we strike the right balance between detail and usability? Jamie and Tarrant explore why models are expanding, the practical consequences for engineers, and how geologists and planners can work together to build fit-for-purpose models that support better decisions without unnecessary complexity. Key moments in this episode 00:00 Introduction: Why resource models keep getting larger 03:40 The three main drivers of model size 07:10 How large models slow optimisation and planning workflows 09:30 When higher resolution models are actually justified 14:20 Practical ways to reduce model size without losing value 20:00 Strategies engineers use to simplify models for optimisation 24:55 The key takeaway: the best model is not the biggest model If you work with block models, resource estimation, or mine planning, this conversation highlights practical ways to improve workflow efficiency while maintaining the geological detail that matters. If you would like to contact Tarrant and Jamie: contact(at)snowdenoptiro.com 🎧 Fresh Thinking by Snowden Optiro is rapidly becoming the best mining podcast globally, and is available as an audio podcast on all major podcast platforms, and in video format on Snowden Optiro’s YouTube channel. Snowden Optiro: Snowden Optiro is a resources consulting and advisory group that provides independent advice, consulting and training to mining and exploration companies, their advisors and investors. We help mine developers to advance their projects, mining companies to improve their operations and their professionals, and investors to de-risk their investments by the provision of quality advice, training and software in the field of Mineral Resources and Mineral/Ore Reserves. Explore more: https://snowdenoptiro.com/ /episode/index/show/fresh-thinking-optiro/id/40378115

Ep150: Mineral Resource Estimation: What Really Is “Industry Standard”? 03/04/2026

Ep 149: Building Resource Estimation Logic in Excel 02/25/2026

Ep 149: Building Resource Estimation Logic in Excel In this episode of Fresh Thinking, Susan Havlin (Managing Consultant APAC) speaks with Dr Gregory Zhang (Senior Consultant APAC) about using Excel as a transparent learning environment for geostatistics. Rather than relying on black-box software, they explore how building the logic step by step in a spreadsheet can strengthen intuition, improve data discipline and deepen technical confidence. Whether you are a geologist, resource modeller or mining professional wanting to better understand what sits behind the software, this episode breaks down the thinking that underpins robust estimation. 🔎 In this episode: 00:01 – Why the Excel World Championship is more relevant to geologists than you might think 02:02 – Why Excel is a powerful tool for learning geostatistics 06:27 – Building variograms from scratch: pairs, distances and continuity 09:24 – Understanding kriging as a system of equations 12:03 – Simple validation routines to keep yourself honest 13:02 – Can Excel help you understand machine learning? If you want to move beyond “clicking the kriging button” and truly understand the mechanics behind resource estimation, this conversation is for you. If you would like to contact Susan and Greg: contact(at)snowdenoptiro.com 🎧 Fresh Thinking by Snowden Optiro is available as an audio podcast on all major podcast platforms, and in video format on Snowden Optiro’s YouTube channel. If you need further assistance in using Excel, we have 2 courses that might interest you: 1-day Essential Excel Skills for Geologists and our 1-day Advanced Excel Skills for Kriging & Simulation. Both courses are presented by Dr Gregory Zhang. Link to training courses: Listen on the go: Fresh Thinking by Snowden Optiro is rapidly becoming the best mining podcast globally, and is available on all major podcast platforms. Snowden Optiro: Snowden Optiro is a resources consulting and advisory group that provides independent advice, consulting and training to mining and exploration companies, their advisors and investors. We help mine developers to advance their projects, mining companies to improve their operations and their professionals, and investors to de-risk their investments by the provision of quality advice, training and software in the field of Mineral Resources and Mineral/Ore Reserves. Explore more: /episode/index/show/fresh-thinking-optiro/id/40225060

EP 148: Simulation Is Not Estimation - rethinking uncertainty in mining 02/18/2026

EP 148: Simulation Is Not Estimation - rethinking uncertainty in mining In this episode of Fresh Thinking, Ian Glacken (Executive Consultant) and Dr Gregory Zhang (Senior Consultant) discuss one of the most important topics in modern resource modelling: uncertainty. From the long-standing debate of simulation vs estimation, to the growing focus on geological uncertainty and hierarchical truncated plurigaussian simulation, this episode explores where the mining industry stands — and where it still needs to improve. ⏱ Key Topics 00:00 – Introduction: Simulation in mining and why uncertainty matters 01:18 – Simulation vs estimation: what’s the real difference? 02:16 – The “space of uncertainty”: grade, geology, parameters and planning 03:34 – Are we misleading stakeholders by ignoring uncertainty? 05:34 – Has grade uncertainty been solved? Two-point vs multipoint simulation 06:39 – Data uncertainty: blast holes, nugget effect and sampling quality 07:30 – Parameter uncertainty and spatial bootstrapping 09:43 – Geological uncertainty: why it’s fundamentally different 10:44 – Plurigaussian and hierarchical truncated plurigaussian simulation (HTPGS) 12:51 – Industry adoption and emerging trends 13:08 – The “holy grail” of a comprehensive uncertainty model 14:47 – Digital twins and the future of integrated uncertainty modelling 👍If you enjoyed this discussion, please Subscribe to Fresh Thinking wherever you listen to podcasts, for more mining-focused technical discussions across the mine value chain. If you would like to contact Ian Glacken and Dr Gregory Zhang: Listen on the go: Fresh Thinking by Snowden Optiro is rapidly becoming the best mining podcast globally, and is available on all major podcast platforms. It is also available in video format on Snowden Optiro's YouTube channel: https://youtu.be/-DnskmSDnn4 Snowden Optiro: Snowden Optiro is a resources consulting and advisory group that provides independent advice, consulting and training to mining and exploration companies, their advisors and investors. We help mine developers to advance their projects, mining companies to improve their operations and their professionals, and investors to de-risk their investments by the provision of quality advice, training and software in the field of Mineral Resources and Mineral/Ore Reserves. Explore more: #Mining #ResourceModelling #Geostatistics #Simulation #Geology #MiningEngineering /episode/index/show/fresh-thinking-optiro/id/39806525

Ep 138: From Scoping to Feasibility: How to nail cost estimation at every stage 02/11/2026

Ep 138: From Scoping to Feasibility: How to nail cost estimation at every stage In this episode of Fresh Thinking by Snowden Optiro, Hamish Guthrie (Managing Consultant – Mining) joins Dr Gregory Zhang (Senior Consultant – Geology) to explore the fundamentals of cost estimation across the mining study pipeline. Hamish shares practical insights from his more than 30 years in the industry, including the importance of understanding project scale and matching the level of effort to the study stage. If you’re involved in study work, project evaluation, cost modelling or operational planning, this conversation will give you clear, practical guidance you can apply straight away. Key Timestamps 00:31 – What Is Cost Estimation? 00:56 – Cost Estimation Across Study Levels 01:10 – Data Sources for Cost Estimation 01:58 – Scoping Study Accuracy 02:32 – Pre-feasibility Study Accuracy 03:19 – Feasibility Study Expectations 04:23 – Basis of Estimate (BOE) 05:16 – Common Pitfalls 06:38 – Key Takeaway If you would like to contact Hamish and Greg: 🎧 Listen on the go: Fresh Thinking is available on all major podcast platforms – subscribe to never miss an episode! 👍 Like, comment, and subscribe for more technical mining insights from our global consulting team. Fresh Thinking by Snowden Optiro is rapidly becoming the best mining podcast globally – you can find our podcasts on YouTube, Spotify, Apple Podcasts, and most other podcast platforms. Snowden Optiro Snowden Optiro is a resources consulting and advisory group that provides independent advice, consulting, and training to mining and exploration companies, their advisors, and investors. We help mine developers advance their projects, mining companies improve their operations, and investors de-risk their investments by providing quality advice, training, and software in the field of Mineral Resources and Mineral/Ore Reserves. 🌐 Explore more: https://snowdenoptiro.com/ /episode/index/show/fresh-thinking-optiro/id/38819140

Ep 134: The Interface Challenge - bridging the gap between geologists and mining engineers 02/11/2026

Ep 134: The Interface Challenge - bridging the gap between geologists and mining engineers In this episode of Fresh Thinking, Tarrant Elkington (Snowden Optiro General Manager) joins Susan Havlin (Managing Consultant APAC) to explore the all-too-common disconnect between geologists and mining engineers. Tarrant talks about the results from the more than 100 professionals that generously responded to his survey - helping geologists and engineers understand how differences in approach, communication, and expectations can impact project success. Tune in to hear what both sides really think - and how better collaboration can make all the difference. Key Time Points: 0:42 – How the idea for the “Interface Challenge” talk came about 1:56 – What is “the interface” between geologists and mining engineers? 2:46 – Why communication breakdowns can impact project success 3:44 – Insights from surveying over 100 professionals 5:00 – What questions were asked in the survey (and how long it really took!) 6:15 – Are geologists and mining engineers aligned – or speaking different languages? 7:30 – The preparation stage: Do geologists and engineers actually talk before modelling? 9:34 – Model handover: why documentation matters 10:43 – What’s inside a good resource model (and what’s often missing) 12:00 – Advanced estimation methods – how common are they really? 14:24 – Recoverable models and misunderstandings in mine planning 15:44 – Dilution: who’s responsible, the geologist or the mining engineer? 17:09 – Surprising results from the survey 18:38 – Why perception gaps exist between the two disciplines 19:45 – Practical steps to improve collaboration and communication If you would like to contact Tarrant or Susan: Listen on the go: Fresh Thinking is available on all major podcast platforms – subscribe to never miss an episode! Explore more: 👍 Like, comment, and subscribe for more technical mining insights from our global consulting team. Fresh Thinking by Snowden Optiro is rapidly becoming the best mining podcast globally - you can find our podcasts on YouTube, Spotify, Apple Podcasts and most other podcast platforms. Who we are: Snowden Optiro is a resources consulting and advisory group that provides independent advice, consulting and training to mining and exploration companies, their advisors and investors. We help mine developers to advance their projects, mining companies to improve their operations and their professionals, and investors to de-risk their investments by the provision of quality advice, training and software in the field of Mineral Resources and Mineral/Ore Reserves. For training or consulting enquiries: training(at)snowdenoptiro.com contact(at)snowdenoptiro.com /episode/index/show/fresh-thinking-optiro/id/38819185

EP 136: Why Smart Geologists Script Their Way to Better Estimates 02/11/2026

EP 136: Why Smart Geologists Script Their Way to Better Estimates In this episode of Fresh Thinking, Dr Gregory (Greg) Zhang and Jenny Dalrymple, both Senior Consultants at Snowden Optiro, share how automation and scripting can transform the mineral resource estimation process - saving time, improving accuracy, and creating an auditable, repeatable workflow. From Python scripting and macros to block model estimation and LUC workflows, Greg and Jenny explain how practical automation can make complex resource estimation tasks far more efficient. ⏱️ This podcast at a glance: 00:41 – Using scripting to automate mineral resource estimation 02:18 – Python and Datamine: speeding up exploratory data analysis 03:23 – From internal tools to standalone software - developed by our consultants 04:01 – How macros streamline LUC and MIK workflows 07:25 – Why workflow automation matters for small and large projects 08:22 – Macros as an audit trail for peer review and project handovers 08:50 – How to get started writing your first macro 09:51 – Practical advice for beginners in scripting and automation 10:19 – Final thoughts and closing remarks If you would like to contact Greg or Jenny: 🎧 Listen on the go: Fresh Thinking is available on all major podcast platforms – subscribe to never miss an episode! 👍 Like, comment, and subscribe for more technical mining insights from our global consulting team. Fresh Thinking by Snowden Optiro is rapidly becoming the best mining podcast globally – you can find our podcasts on YouTube, Spotify, Apple Podcasts, and most other podcast platforms. Snowden Optiro Snowden Optiro is a resources consulting and advisory group that provides independent advice, consulting, and training to mining and exploration companies, their advisors, and investors. We help mine developers advance their projects, mining companies improve their operations, and investors de-risk their investments by providing quality advice, training, and software in the field of Mineral Resources and Mineral/Ore Reserves. 🌐 Explore more: https://snowdenoptiro.com/ /episode/index/show/fresh-thinking-optiro/id/38819250

EP 133: Cleaner, Quieter, Safer: Why Underground Mining Is Going Electric 02/11/2026

EP 133: Cleaner, Quieter, Safer: Why Underground Mining Is Going Electric In this Fresh Thinking by Snowden Optiro podcast episode, Hamish Guthrie (Managing Consultant APAC) chats with Sarah de Vries (Principal Consultant Mining) about the fast-evolving world of underground mine electrification. Sarah explains how battery-electric vehicles are transforming the way underground operations are powered — cutting diesel emissions, reducing heat and noise, and improving safety for mine workers. From cost savings to cleaner air, they explore why the move to electric isn’t just about decarbonisation — it’s about designing smarter, more efficient mines for the future. Key points: 0:34 – Why electrification matters 1:15 – Health and safety benefits 1:58 – Electrification isn’t new 2:33 – Battery-electric vehicles (BEVs) 3:20 – Equipment now available 5:05 – Charging challenges 6:27 – Infrastructure needs 7:25 – Cost and productivity 8:31 – Safety and comfort 9:35 – Best suited for which mines? If you would like to contact Hamish or Sarah: Listen on the go: Fresh Thinking is available on all major podcast platforms – subscribe to never miss an episode! Explore more: Like, comment, and subscribe for more technical mining insights from our global consulting team. Fresh Thinking by Snowden Optiro is rapidly becoming the best mining podcast globally - you can find our podcasts on YouTube, Spotify, Apple Podcasts and most other podcast platforms. Who we are: Snowden Optiro is a resources consulting and advisory group that provides independent advice, consulting and training to mining and exploration companies, their advisors and investors. We help mine developers to advance their projects, mining companies to improve their operations and their professionals, and investors to de-risk their investments by the provision of quality advice, training and software in the field of Mineral Resources and Mineral/Ore Reserves. For training or consulting enquiries: training(at)snowdenoptiro.com contact(at)snowdenoptiro.com /episode/index/show/fresh-thinking-optiro/id/37576575

Ep 132: Grade Control - the key to reliable reconciliation 02/11/2026

Ep 132: Grade Control - the key to reliable reconciliation In this episode of Fresh Thinking, our host Dr Gregory Zhang is joined by Ian Glacken, Executive Consultant - a leading expert in grade control and reconciliation. They explore why reconciliation is fundamental to every mine, how grade control fits into the mine value chain, and what makes accurate modelling essential for achieving reliable results. Key Time Stamps 0:46 – What is Reconciliation and Why It Matters Ian explains why reconciliation is fundamental to every mining operation and what makes it complex and critical. 1:31 – The Role of the Grade Control Model Discussion on how grade control fits within the mine value chain and its link to production and reconciliation outcomes. 3:13 – Reconciliation is a Team Effort How geologists, mining engineers, metallurgists, and finance teams all play a part in accurate reconciliation. 5:42 – Grade Control Modelling Methods Ian outlines common estimation techniques used in grade control, including ordinary kriging and inverse distance methods. 7:38 – When to Use Advanced Estimation Methods The team discusses when probabilistic or multiple indicator kriging methods may offer better results for complex orebodies. 8:49 – Wrap-Up and Key Takeaways Greg and Ian summarise the importance of good grade control, accurate modelling, and effective reconciliation practices. 🎧 Tune in to understand how better grade control leads to smarter, more consistent mining outcomes. If you would like to contact Ian or Greg: Listen on the go: Fresh Thinking is available on all major podcast platforms – subscribe to never miss an episode! Explore more: 👍 Like, comment, and subscribe for more technical mining insights from our global consulting team. Fresh Thinking by Snowden Optiro is rapidly becoming the best mining podcast globally - you can find our podcasts on YouTube, Spotify, Apple Podcasts and most other podcast platforms. Who we are: Snowden Optiro is a resources consulting and advisory group that provides independent advice, consulting and training to mining and exploration companies, their advisors and investors. We help mine developers to advance their projects, mining companies to improve their operations and their professionals, and investors to de-risk their investments by the provision of quality advice, training and software in the field of Mineral Resources and Mineral/Ore Reserves. For training or consulting enquiries: training(at)snowdenoptiro.com contact(at)snowdenoptiro.com /episode/index/show/fresh-thinking-optiro/id/37576570

Ep 146: How Machine Learning Can Close the Gap Between Grade Control and Resources. Part 2 02/11/2026

Ep 146: How Machine Learning Can Close the Gap Between Grade Control and Resources. Part 2 Ian Glacken (Executive Consultant geology) and Dr Gregory Zhang (Senior Consultant Geology) explore how machine learning and convolutional neural networks (CNNs) can be used to bridge the gap between grade control data and resource estimation, and why treating resource models as static can hold operations back. Key discussion points: ⏱ Introduction and context for using CNNs with grade control data ⏱ Why machine learning must be an ongoing, iterative process ⏱ Handling multivariate data and complex geological relationships ⏱ Practical considerations: data quality, alignment, and validation ⏱ Trust, interpretability, and keeping geologists in the loop ⏱ Using lithology and categorical data in CNN models ⏱ How an operation can get started with these techniques ⏱ Final thoughts on machine learning as a decision-support tool If you enjoyed this episode, please Subscribe for more mining-focused technical discussions across the mine value chain. If you would like to contact Ian or Gregory: Listen on the go: Fresh Thinking by Snowden Optiro is rapidly becoming the best mining podcast globally, and is available on all major podcast platforms including the video format on the Snowden Optiro YouTube channel: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLZm0zjSNmpo27fX_tfI79Yzhxy3VXjvMt 👍 Like, comment, and subscribe for more technical mining insights from our global consulting team. Snowden Optiro: Snowden Optiro is a resources consulting and advisory group that provides independent advice, consulting and training to mining and exploration companies, their advisors and investors. We help mine developers to advance their projects, mining companies to improve their operations and their professionals, and investors to de-risk their investments by the provision of quality advice, training and software in the field of Mineral Resources and Mineral/Ore Reserves. Explore more: /episode/index/show/fresh-thinking-optiro/id/39806505

Ep 147: Raising the Bar: AI-Driven Innovation in Mine Planning 02/11/2026

Ep 147: Raising the Bar: AI-Driven Innovation in Mine Planning In this episode of Fresh Thinking by Snowden Optiro, Susan Havlin (Managing Consultant) speaks with Dr Tarrant Elkington (Snowden Optiro General Manager) about extending generative AI into coding practical engineering solutions. They discuss how mining engineers and scientists can use AI tools to prototype bespoke solutions, automate niche problems, and build simple applications without being expert programmers. If you’ve ever thought about using AI, but didn’t know where to start, this conversation is for you. Key moments: 0:36 – Why generative AI and coding is relevant for mining professionals 2:41 – What “AI coding” actually involves and how it works 4:22 – Real mining examples: road design optimisation and waste dump planning 6:46 – Does it really work first time? Debugging and validation 8:24 – What you learn through the process 9:37 – When it won’t work and why starting small matters 11:06 – Practical advice for engineers and scientists wanting to begin Generative AI is changing how we work. The question is not whether to use it, but how to use it well. Listen now and see how you could start building your own tools. If you enjoyed this episode, please Subscribe for more mining-focused technical discussions across the mine value chain. If you would like to contact Tarrant Elkington or Susan Havlin: Listen on the go: Fresh Thinking by Snowden Optiro is rapidly becoming the best mining podcast globally, and is available on most audio podcast platforms and also as a video podcast on Snowden Optiro's YouTube channel: https://youtu.be/v3dQDfaU-vg 👍 Like, comment, and subscribe for more technical mining insights from our global consulting team. Snowden Optiro: Snowden Optiro is a resources consulting and advisory group that provides independent advice, consulting and training to mining and exploration companies, their advisors and investors. We help mine developers to advance their projects, mining companies to improve their operations and their professionals, and investors to de-risk their investments by the provision of quality advice, training and software in the field of Mineral Resources and Mineral/Ore Reserves. Explore more: https://snowdenoptiro.com/ /episode/index/show/fresh-thinking-optiro/id/39892415

Ep 145: Convolution is not what happens to your cables in the field truck! Part 2 01/28/2026

Ep 145: Convolution is not what happens to your cables in the field truck! Part 2 Gregory Zhang (Senior Geology Consultant) to talk about what convolution actually means in a geostatistical and geological context, and how it shows up in tools ranging from moving averages to convolutional neural networks (CNNs). Building on part one of the conversation, they focus on practical use, common pitfalls, and how to combine modern machine learning approaches with classic geostatistics without losing geological control. Key moments 00:02 – What convolution means in day-to-day geology and resource work 00:51 – Moving averages, detrending and kriging in practice 01:30 – Using external data like magnetics and structure with kriging 02:09 – Common pitfalls: edge effects, over-smoothing and stationarity 05:14 – Letting geological structure guide smoothing 05:17 – A worked example using folded geology and copper grades 06:11 – Where CNNs fit, and how they compare to traditional geostatistics 07:28 – Tools and software for convolution, kriging and CNN workflows 09:05 – When not to use moving averages or CNNs 10:39 – Practical sanity checks after detrending 11:05 – A clear framework for combining geostatistics and machine learning If you work in resource estimation, geostatistics, or applied geology, this episode is packed with practical insights you can take straight back to your own workflows. 👍 If you enjoyed this episode, please Subscribe for more mining-focused technical discussions across the mine value chain, from out global consulting team. If you would like to contact Jamie or Gregory: Listen on the go: Fresh Thinking by Snowden Optiro is rapidly becoming the best mining podcast globally, and is available on all major podcast platforms including Snowden Optiro's YouTube channel. Link to video podcast: https://youtu.be/z5Gz1lYQ0Jg Snowden Optiro: Snowden Optiro is a resources consulting and advisory group that provides independent advice, consulting and training to mining and exploration companies, their advisors and investors. We help mine developers to advance their projects, mining companies to improve their operations and their professionals, and investors to de-risk their investments by the provision of quality advice, training and software in the field of Mineral Resources and Mineral/Ore Reserves. Explore more: https://snowdenoptiro.com/ /episode/index/show/fresh-thinking-optiro/id/39806500

Ep 144: When Resource Models Get It Wrong: Can CNNs Help? Part 1 01/21/2026

Ep 144: When Resource Models Get It Wrong: Can CNNs Help? Part 1 In this episode of Fresh Thinking, Ian Glacken and Dr Gregory Zhang explore why mineral resource models and grade control models often fail to reconcile and how convolutional neural networks (CNNs) can help bridge that gap. This is Part 1 of a 2 part series. The discussion focuses on early-stage resource estimation, sparse drilling data, and how machine learning can learn from dense grade control information to improve confidence, reduce bias, and support better decision-making. Importantly, this approach is positioned as a supplement to sound geology and geostatistics, not a replacement. Speakers Ian Glacken – Executive Consultant Geology - Snowden Optiro Dr Gregory Zhang – Senior Consultant Geology - Snowden Optiro Key moments in the episode 00:22 Why resource models and grade control often don’t match 02:55 Systematic bias and the limits of traditional reconciliation 04:22 Using CNNs to learn relationships between sparse and dense data 06:02 Treating resource models as 3D images for machine learning 07:18 What CNNs can actually predict in a mining context 10:07 Using grade control areas as calibration zones 12:43 Why AI should supplement, not replace, good geology This is Part 1 of a two-part conversation on applying machine learning responsibly in mineral resource estimation. If you enjoyed this episode, please Subscribe for more mining-focused technical discussions across the mine value chain. If you would like to contact Ian or Gregory: Listen on the go: Fresh Thinking by Snowden Optiro is rapidly becoming the best mining podcast globally, and is available on all major podcast platforms. 👍 Like, comment, and subscribe for more technical mining insights from our global consulting team. Snowden Optiro: Snowden Optiro is a resources consulting and advisory group that provides independent advice, consulting and training to mining and exploration companies, their advisors and investors. We help mine developers to advance their projects, mining companies to improve their operations and their professionals, and investors to de-risk their investments by the provision of quality advice, training and software in the field of Mineral Resources and Mineral/Ore Reserves. Explore more: https://snowdenoptiro.com/ /episode/index/show/fresh-thinking-optiro/id/39806495

Ep 143 Convolution Without the Maths: a practical guide for Mine Geologists 01/14/2026

Ep 143 Convolution Without the Maths: a practical guide for Mine Geologists In this episode of Fresh Thinking, Senior Consultant Jamie Oppelaar is joined by Dr Gregory Zhang, Senior Consultant at Snowden Optiro, to explore what convolution really means in a geostatistical and mine planning context. Jamie and Greg walk through how it already shows up in everyday resource estimation workflows. From moving averages and detrending through to kriging residuals and convolutional neural networks, this episode focuses on practical application, not theory for theory’s sake. This is Part 1 of a two-part discussion, laying the foundations for how convolution links classical geostatistics with modern machine learning approaches. Key topics and timestamps 00:01 – Introduction to convolution - geostatistics and machine learning 00:21 – Separating geological trend from local variability in grade data 02:26 – Detrending, residuals, and the link to universal kriging 03:15 – Moving averages as a defensible trend model using convolution 03:41 – What convolution actually is, explained practically 05:08 – Choosing window sizes using variograms and cross-validation 05:57 – Stationarity, variograms, and kriging residuals 07:19 – How convolution relates to convolutional neural networks (CNNs) 09:22 – A step-by-step workflow mine geologists can apply with existing data 13:19 – Summary of key ideas and what’s coming in Part 2 If you enjoyed this episode, please Subscribe for more mining-focused technical discussions across the mine value chain. If you would like to contact Gregory or Jaimie: Listen on the go: Fresh Thinking by Snowden Optiro is rapidly becoming the best mining podcast globally, and is available on all major podcast platforms. 👍 Like, comment, and subscribe for more technical mining insights from our global consulting team. Snowden Optiro: Snowden Optiro is a resources consulting and advisory group that provides independent advice, consulting and training to mining and exploration companies, their advisors and investors. We help mine developers to advance their projects, mining companies to improve their operations and their professionals, and investors to de-risk their investments by the provision of quality advice, training and software in the field of Mineral Resources and Mineral/Ore Reserves. Explore more: https://snowdenoptiro.com/ /episode/index/show/fresh-thinking-optiro/id/39695335

Ep 142: Mining's Blind Spot - when Geology and Metallurgy don’t talk 01/06/2026

Ep 142: Mining's Blind Spot - when Geology and Metallurgy don’t talk In this episode of the Fresh Thinking podcast, Dr Gregory Zhang (Senior Geology Consultant) is joined by Dr Leon Lorenzen (Executive Consultant Metallurgy) to talk about the practical realities of geometallurgy and why linking geology, mineralogy and processing really matters. The conversation draws on real project experience, highlighting the risks of disconnects between resource models and plant performance, especially for complex ore bodies. A thoughtful discussion for geologists, metallurgists and mine planners working with increasingly challenging deposits. Key moments from the episode: – Why geometallurgical models are often created but not used in operations – How hardness, mineralogy and recovery should feed into daily plant decisions – The challenge of limited data and confidence in geomet modelling – Why sulphides, preg-robbing carbon and mineral associations matter – When a geometallurgical model really is essential, and when it may not be If you enjoyed this episode, please Subscribe for more mining-focused technical discussions across the mine value chain. If you would like to contact Gregory or Leon: Listen on the go: Fresh Thinking by Snowden Optiro is rapidly becoming the best mining podcast globally, and is available on all major podcast platforms - including YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLZm0zjSNmpo27fX_tfI79Yzhxy3VXjvMt Like, comment, and subscribe for more technical mining insights from our global consulting team. Snowden Optiro: Snowden Optiro is a resources consulting and advisory group that provides independent advice, consulting and training to mining and exploration companies, their advisors and investors. We help mine developers to advance their projects, mining companies to improve their operations and their professionals, and investors to de-risk their investments by the provision of quality advice, training and software in the field of Mineral Resources and Mineral/Ore Reserves. Explore more: /episode/index/show/fresh-thinking-optiro/id/39625555

Ep 140: Sandwich Conveyors Explained: high-angle haulage up to 90 degrees 12/11/2025

Ep 140: Sandwich Conveyors Explained: high-angle haulage up to 90 degrees In this episode of Fresh Thinking by Snowden Optiro, Tarrant Elkington (General Manager, Snowden Optiro) is joined by Joseph A. Dos Santos (Joe) (Dos Santos International, Marietta, Georgia) to explore high-angle conveying and the sandwich conveyor. They break down how sandwich conveyors “hug” the material between two belts to move bulk solids up steep inclines, where conventional conveying or trucking can become impractical. The discussion covers how this technology is applied in mining, what it can handle, and what to consider when comparing high-angle conveying against other haulage and lifting options. Key moments – What is a sandwich conveyor? – How sandwich conveyors handle extreme angles (including the “hugging” mechanism). – Where high-angle conveying fits compared with truck haulage and other systems. – Real-world scale example: vertical lift, capacity, and what that looks like in practice. – “Mining on Mars” and why high-angle conveying comes up in off-world concepts. If you enjoyed this episode, please subscribe for more mining-focused technical discussions across the mine value chain. If you would like to contact Tarrant or Joe: Listen on the go: Fresh Thinking by Snowden Optiro is available on all major podcast platforms. 👍 Like, comment, and subscribe for more technical mining insights from our global consulting team. Fresh Thinking by Snowden Optiro is rapidly becoming the best mining podcast globally - you can find our podcasts on YouTube, Spotify, Apple Podcasts and most other podcast platforms. Snowden Optiro: Snowden Optiro is a resources consulting and advisory group that provides independent advice, consulting and training to mining and exploration companies, their advisors and investors. We help mine developers to advance their projects, mining companies to improve their operations and their professionals, and investors to de-risk their investments by the provision of quality advice, training and software in the field of Mineral Resources and Mineral/Ore Reserves. Explore more: Dos Santos International: Dos Santos International (DSI) is the world's foremost authority on Sandwich Belt high angle conveyors, founded and led by the inventor of the system, Joseph A. Dos Santos. DSI has been advancing bulk material handling solutions since 1997. With the invention of and advances in Sandwich Belt High Angle Conveyors, the development and utilization of their Expanded Conveyor Technology, and most recently, the patented Adder Snake Conveyors, we’re engineering ideal solutions for some of the world’s most challenging bulk material handling applications. Contact: info@dossantosintl.com /episode/index/show/fresh-thinking-optiro/id/39365465

Ep 137: From Tea Bags to Ore Bodies: Ian Glacken’s Mentoring Journey 11/19/2025

Ep 141: Mineable Shape Optimisation (MSO) - where geology, cost, and design intersect 10/29/2025

Ep 141: Mineable Shape Optimisation (MSO) - where geology, cost, and design intersect Mineable Shape Optimisation (MSO) sits at the intersection of geology, mining engineering, and economics. Used well, it helps teams move beyond theoretical resources and towards designs that reflect what will actually be mined. In this episode of Fresh Thinking, Dr Gregory Zhang (Senior Resource Geologist) and Hamish Guthrie (Managing Consultant - Mining) discuss how MSO works, why it matters, and where it can add real value. They discuss the economic logic behind MSO, the importance of geological understanding, and how assumptions around cost, dilution, and mining method influence the outcomes. Key moments 00:02 – What MSO is and why it’s used in underground mining 01:53 – The economic logic behind MSO and cut-off decisions 02:48 – Geological inputs that matter most for MSO outcomes 04:49 – How MSO actually works under the hood 06:13 – Comparing underground MSO with open pit optimisation 08:09 – Using MSO to manage dilution in narrow vein deposits 10:30 – Sensitivities, parameters, and study-level considerations 11:17 – Common pitfalls and how to avoid them 14:49 – A practical MSO workflow: inputs, outputs, and communication If you enjoyed this episode, please Subscribe for more mining-focused technical discussions across the mine value chain. If you would like to contact Gregory or Hamish: Listen on the go: Fresh Thinking by Snowden Optiro is rapidly becoming the best mining podcast globally, and is available on all major podcast platforms. 👍 Like, comment, and subscribe for more technical mining insights from our global consulting team. Snowden Optiro: Snowden Optiro is a resources consulting and advisory group that provides independent advice, consulting and training to mining and exploration companies, their advisors and investors. We help mine developers to advance their projects, mining companies to improve their operations and their professionals, and investors to de-risk their investments by the provision of quality advice, training and software in the field of Mineral Resources and Mineral/Ore Reserves. Explore more: https://snowdenoptiro.com/ /episode/index/show/fresh-thinking-optiro/id/38819360

Ep 139: IPCC or Strategic Conveying – what are we really talking about? 10/29/2025

Ep 139: IPCC or Strategic Conveying – what are we really talking about? In this episode of Fresh Thinking by Snowden Optiro, Tarrant Elkington (General Manager, Snowden Optiro) is joined by Markus Dammers (Director, IPCC & Conveyors, Metso) to talk about what IPCC really means in practice, and whether “strategic conveying” is a more useful way to frame the conversation. They explore the spectrum of IPCC options (fixed, semi-mobile and fully mobile), where value is actually created (and lost) in mine planning, what people often miss when they consider in-pit systems, and how lead times, standardisation and decarbonisation assumptions influence decisions. Key timestamps: 1:24 What does “IPCC” actually cover (and why it’s often used as an umbrella term)? 3:37 IPCC’s real purpose: reducing trucks, not always eliminating them 5:39 Is “strategic conveying” a better term than IPCC? 7:25 Fully mobile (truckless) IPCC: where it works, and why hard rock is challenging 12:30 In-pit crushers: the planning and operational complications people underestimate 18:53 Lead times, standardisation and improving study-to-delivery pathways 24:41 Decarbonisation: diesel, carbon assumptions, and balancing ESG with economics 29:57 Wrap-up and how to learn more If you enjoyed this episode, please subscribe for more mining-focused technical discussions across the mine value chain. If you would like to contact Tarrant or Markus: Listen on the go: Fresh Thinking is available on all major podcast platforms. 👍 Like, comment, and subscribe for more technical mining insights from our global consulting team. Fresh Thinking by Snowden Optiro is rapidly becoming the best mining podcast globally - you can find our podcasts on YouTube, Spotify, Apple Podcasts and most other podcast platforms. Snowden Optiro: Snowden Optiro is a resources consulting and advisory group that provides independent advice, consulting and training to mining and exploration companies, their advisors and investors. We help mine developers to advance their projects, mining companies to improve their operations and their professionals, and investors to de-risk their investments by the provision of quality advice, training and software in the field of Mineral Resources and Mineral/Ore Reserves. Explore more: Metso: Metso is a frontrunner in sustainable technologies, end-to-end solutions and services for the aggregates, minerals processing and metals refining industries globally. Metso's in-pit crush and convey (IPCC) solutions provide the highest energy efficiency and productivity for mine electrification programs. The Metso IPCC portfolio includes crushing, conveying and stacking equipment, which are flexible, modular and designed to be integrated together. For more information: #mining #IPCC #inpitcrushingandconveying #conveyors #mineplanning #decarbonisation #engineering #metso #snowdenoptiro /episode/index/show/fresh-thinking-optiro/id/38819330

EP 135: Fast-Tracking IPCC Feasibility: A Smarter Way to Evaluate In-Pit Crushing and Conveying 10/29/2025

EP 135: Fast-Tracking IPCC Feasibility: A Smarter Way to Evaluate In-Pit Crushing and Conveying In this episode of Fresh Thinking by Snowden Optiro, Dr Tarrant Elkington (General Manager, Snowden Optiro) and Markus Dammers (Director IPCC & Conveyors, Metso) explore their rapid screening tool designed to speed up evaluation of In-Pit Crushing and Conveying (IPCC) options. They discuss how the model helps mining operations quickly assess economic viability, reduce decision uncertainty, and identify where IPCC truly makes sense - saving valuable study time and capital. If you’re in mine planning, haulage optimisation, or exploring electrification and sustainability in mining, this episode is packed with insight. Key Points & Timeline 1:00 – Why the Paper and Model Were Developed The challenge of evaluating IPCC options and the need for a quick, macro-economic decision framework. 3:30 – Complexity of IPCC Decisions Discussing parameters such as pit depth, relocation timing, and haulage versus conveying trade-offs. 4:00 – Origins of the Rapid Screening Tool How a practical spreadsheet model evolved to assess the feasibility of IPCC across multiple projects. 6:00 – Key Inputs and Parameters Understanding capacity, conveyor length and lift, and the dynamic relationship between truck and conveyor economics. 8:00 – Macro-Economic Viewpoint Why early-stage, big-picture modelling matters for major mine investment decisions. 9:00 – How the Model Works Overview of how the Excel-based tool compares IPCC and trucking using NPV, IRR, and payback calculations. 11:00 – Ore vs Waste Applications How the economics differ when applying IPCC to ore versus waste haulage scenarios. 12:00 – Building Reliable Cost Models Markus explains Metso’s structured approach to estimating realistic capital and operating costs for crushers and conveyors. 15:00 – Accounting for Excavation and Ramp Design Tarrant explains the importance of considering excavation and pit geometry in cost evaluation. 17:00 – Case Study Results Findings from applying the tool to typical mining scenarios, comparing ex-pit and in-pit setups. 19:00 – Economic Sensitivities and Insights Discussion of throughput, lift, and distance variables — and how they shape viability. 21:00 – Waste IPCC Economics Why higher capacities and longer distances are needed to make waste IPCC feasible. 23:00 – Future Improvements and Next Steps Potential refinements to the tool and how it could support more dynamic project planning. 2 4:30 – Closing Thoughts How to access or apply the model for your own operation and where to contact the speakers. If you would like to contact Tarrant or Markus: Listen on the go: Fresh Thinking is available on all major podcast platforms – subscribe to never miss an episode! 👍 Like, comment, and subscribe for more technical mining insights from our global consulting team. Fresh Thinking by Snowden Optiro is rapidly becoming the best mining podcast globally - you can find our podcasts on YouTube, Spotify, Apple Podcasts and most other podcast platforms. Snowden Optiro: Snowden Optiro is a resources consulting and advisory group that provides independent advice, consulting and training to mining and exploration companies, their advisors and investors. We help mine developers to advance their projects, mining companies to improve their operations and their professionals, and investors to de-risk their investments by the provision of quality advice, training and software in the field of Mineral Resources and Mineral/Ore Reserves. Explore more: Metso: Metso is a frontrunner in sustainable technologies, end-to-end solutions and services for the aggregates, minerals processing and metals refining industries globally. Metso's in-pit crush and convey (IPCC) solutions provide the highest energy efficiency and productivity for mine electrification programs. The Metso IPCC portfolio includes crushing, conveying and stacking equipment, which are flexible, modular and designed to be integrated together. For more information: /episode/index/show/fresh-thinking-optiro/id/38819120

Ep 131: Grade Control - at the heart of every successful mine 10/07/2025

Ep 131: Grade Control - at the heart of every successful mine In this episode of Fresh Thinking, Dr Gregory Zhang is joined by Ian Glacken, Executive Consultant at Snowden Optiro, to discuss the crucial role of grade control drilling and modelling. Grade control may seem like a technical detail, but it sits at the very heart of every successful mining operation. From reducing risk and maximising value, to ensuring accurate sampling and modelling, Ian shares insights from decades of experience helping mines achieve better outcomes. Whether you're a geologist, mining engineer, or simply curious about how mines make critical decisions, this episode explains why grade control matters and how to get it right. Key moments: 0:00 – Introduction to the podcast and speakers 1:01 – Why grade control is essential for profitable mining 2:47 – Importance of sampling quality and timing 3:20 – RC drilling vs blast hole drilling: which is best? 4:42 – Underground grade control: diamond drilling and face sampling 6:01 – Common issues with face sampling and how to address them 7:30 – Choosing the right drilling method for your operation 8:27 – How geology influences grade control strategies 8:40 – The JORC Code and reporting requirements for grade control 10:34 – Why grade control isn’t “ground truth” but still vital 12:14 – Final thoughts and takeaways If you would like to contact Ian or Greg: Listen on the go: Fresh Thinking is available on all major podcast platforms – subscribe to never miss an episode! Explore more: 👍 Like, comment, and subscribe for more technical mining insights from our global consulting team. Fresh Thinking by Snowden Optiro is rapidly becoming the best mining podcast globally - you can find our podcasts on YouTube, Spotify, Apple Podcasts and most other podcast platforms. Who we are: Snowden Optiro is a resources consulting and advisory group that provides independent advice, consulting and training to mining and exploration companies, their advisors and investors. We help mine developers to advance their projects, mining companies to improve their operations and their professionals, and investors to de-risk their investments by the provision of quality advice, training and software in the field of Mineral Resources and Mineral/Ore Reserves. For training or consulting enquiries: training(at)snowdenoptiro.com contact(at)snowdenoptiro.com /episode/index/show/fresh-thinking-optiro/id/37576565

Ep 130: Comminution Circuits Explained: Maximise Throughput, Minimise Costs 09/28/2025

Ep 130: Comminution Circuits Explained: Maximise Throughput, Minimise Costs Getting your comminution circuit right is critical for the success of any mining project. In this episode of Fresh Thinking, Tarrant Elkington (General Manager, Snowden Optiro) is joined by Dr. Leon Lorenzen (Executive Consultant), who brings over 40 years of experience in processing and plant design. They explore how to design and optimise SAG, ball, and ultrafine grinding circuits, balancing throughput, recovery, and cost to maximise a project’s NPV. What You'll Learn: ⏱ 00:54 – What is comminution and why it matters in mining ⏱ 02:15 – Typical circuit options: SAG, ball, SABC, IsaMill, HIGmill ⏱ 04:00 – What makes a circuit design “optimal” – technical vs. economic factors ⏱ 05:13 – The impact of grind size on gold recovery and project value ⏱ 07:10 – Life-of-mine considerations for different ore domains ⏱ 08:29 – How Mine-to-Mill blasting strategies affect plant performance ⏱ 10:02 – Examples of comminution circuit design failures and lessons learned ⏱ 12:30 – Final advice for getting comminution design right from the start If you would like to contact either Tarrant or Leon: Explore more: 👍 Like, comment, and subscribe for more technical mining insights from our global consulting team. Fresh Thinking by Snowden Optiro is rapidly becoming the best mining podcast globally - you can find our podcasts on YouTube, Spotify, Apple Podcasts and most other podcast platforms. Who we are: Snowden Optiro is a resources consulting and advisory group that provides independent advice, consulting and training to mining and exploration companies, their advisors and investors. We help mine developers to advance their projects, mining companies to improve their operations and their professionals, and investors to de-risk their investments by the provision of quality advice, training and software in the field of Mineral Resources and Mineral/Ore Reserves. For training or consulting enquiries: training(at)snowdenoptiro.com contact(at)snowdenoptiro.com /episode/index/show/fresh-thinking-optiro/id/37501905

Ep 129: Streamlining Mineral Resource Workflows: Smarter, Faster, Better 09/21/2025

Ep 129: Streamlining Mineral Resource Workflows: Smarter, Faster, Better In this episode of the Fresh Thinking podcast, Susan Havlin (Managing Consultant – Geology, APAC) sits down with Dr Gregory Zhang (Senior Consultant - APAC) to explore how mining companies can streamline their resource estimation and grade control workflows. Gregory explains how complex processes can slow teams down, introduce errors, and create “black box” workflows that are difficult to audit. They discuss practical steps for simplifying and optimising workflows, improving collaboration, and ensuring decisions are transparent and data-driven. If you’ve ever struggled with inefficient processes or misclassification in your mineral resource models, this episode is packed with actionable insights to help you get back to focusing on what matters most: the geology. Key Timestamps 0:00 – Introduction to Susan and Greg 0:35 – Why streamlining workflows is critical for mining success 1:45 – Risks of overly complex workflows 2:29 – Key benefits of streamlining: efficiency, quality, collaboration 3:44 – Preventing misclassification with streamlined workflows 4:32 – How errors impact resource models and reserves 5:16 – Practical steps to start streamlining your processes 6:18 – Keeping workflows lean, transparent, and adaptable 6:34 – Final thoughts and closing remarks If you would like to contact Greg or Susan: Explore more: 👍 Like, comment, and subscribe for more technical mining insights from our global consulting team. Fresh Thinking by Snowden Optiro is rapidly becoming the best mining podcast globally - you can find our podcasts on YouTube, Spotify, Apple Podcasts and most other podcast platforms. Who we are: Snowden Optiro is a resources consulting and advisory group that provides independent advice, consulting and training to mining and exploration companies, their advisors and investors. We help mine developers to advance their projects, mining companies to improve their operations and their professionals, and investors to de-risk their investments by the provision of quality advice, training and software in the field of Mineral Resources and Mineral/Ore Reserves. For training or consulting enquiries: training(at)snowdenoptiro.com contact(at)snowdenoptiro.com /episode/index/show/fresh-thinking-optiro/id/37576580

Ep 128: Sampling mistakes that could cost millions 09/19/2025

Ep 128: Sampling mistakes that could cost millions Small errors in sampling can lead to big consequences in mining. In this second episode of our three-part series on sampling, Mark Murphy (Manager Geological Services, IGO) and Ian Glacken (Executive Consultant, Snowden Optiro) explore the different types of sampling errors - and how to recognise, minimise, and prevent them. From unavoidable “correct” errors to preventable “incorrect” errors, they share real-world insights into why understanding sampling is critical for both technical teams and decision-makers. Whether you're a geologist, mining engineer, or manager, this episode will make you rethink how you approach sampling in your operations. ⏱ Timestamps: 0:08 – Introducing the types of sampling errors 1:11 – What is fundamental sampling error? 3:33 – Grouping and segregation error explained 7:29 – Why most errors happen early in the sampling process 8:38 – Understanding “incorrect” errors and how to avoid them 12:29 – The role of clear procedures and duplicate sampling 14:50 – Why spatial understanding of duplicates matters 15:56 – Replicates vs duplicates: getting the terminology right If you would like to contact Ian or Mark: Explore more: 👍 Like, comment, and subscribe for more technical mining insights from our global consulting team. Fresh Thinking by Snowden Optiro is rapidly becoming the best mining podcast globally - you can find our podcasts on YouTube, Spotify, Apple Podcasts and most other podcast platforms. Who we are: Snowden Optiro is a resources consulting and advisory group that provides independent advice, consulting and training to mining and exploration companies, their advisors and investors. We help mine developers to advance their projects, mining companies to improve their operations and their professionals, and investors to de-risk their investments by the provision of quality advice, training and software in the field of Mineral Resources and Mineral/Ore Reserves. For training or consulting enquiries: training(at)snowdenoptiro.com contact(at)snowdenoptiro.com /episode/index/show/fresh-thinking-optiro/id/37576540

Ep 127: AI in Mining: Hype, Reality, and What's Next 09/10/2025

Ep 127: AI in Mining: Hype, Reality, and What's Next Join Tarrant Elkington, General Manager of Snowden Optiro, and Scott Carpenter, Director of Technology at Datamine Software, as they explore the rapidly evolving world of artificial intelligence in mining. In this episode of Fresh Thinking, they discuss: The parallels between AI and other disruptive technologies like autonomous haulage. How to navigate the hype cycle and spot real opportunities amidst the noise. The difference between generative AI and agentic AI and what each means for the mining industry. Why human intuition and expertise remain essential in a data-driven future. Whether you’re curious about the future of digital mining or want to understand where AI is headed, this conversation offers practical insights and thought-provoking ideas. Key Time Stamps 00:00 – Introduction and guest background. 01:18 – Setting the stage: AI as the next disruptive technology in mining. 05:14 – Understanding the hype cycle and Amara’s Law. 10:06 – Lessons from autonomous haulage systems and parallels to AI adoption. 12:02 – The adjacent possible principle: multiple technologies combining to drive change. 17:05 – Where AI sits in the hype cycle today. 20:01 – Generative AI vs. Agentic AI: key differences and future impact. 24:55 – Why quality data and human expertise are still crucial. 33:21 – Looking ahead: where AI could take resource modelling and mine planning. 37:42 – Closing thoughts and reflections on AI’s future in mining. If you would like to contact Tarrant and Scott: Explore more: 👍 Like, comment, and subscribe for more technical mining insights from our global consulting team. Fresh Thinking by Snowden Optiro is rapidly becoming the best mining podcast globally - you can find our podcasts on YouTube, Spotify, Apple Podcasts and most other podcast platforms. Who we are: Snowden Optiro is a resources consulting and advisory group that provides independent advice, consulting and training to mining and exploration companies, their advisors and investors. We help mine developers to advance their projects, mining companies to improve their operations and their professionals, and investors to de-risk their investments by the provision of quality advice, training and software in the field of Mineral Resources and Mineral/Ore Reserves. Datamine is a software solutions business that enables those in the mining industry to confidently make effective strategic, tactical and operational decisions at all stages of the mining process. For training or consulting enquiries: training(at)snowdenoptiro.com contact(at)snowdenoptiro.com /episode/index/show/fresh-thinking-optiro/id/38139685

Ep 126: The Hidden World of Silica Sands 09/03/2025

Ep 126: The Hidden World of Silica Sands In this episode of the Fresh Thinking podcast, Laurie Hassall (Senior Consultant, Geology) and Senzeni Matondi (Principal Consultant, Geology) from Snowden Optiro's UK office explore the fascinating world of silica sands. Often overlooked, silica sands are vital for producing glass, solar panels, and high-tech products that shape our modern world. Laurie and Senzeni discuss what makes silica sands so unique, how they are processed, and why demand for this industrial mineral is growing. Whether you work in mining, processing, or downstream industries, this episode provides valuable insights into how silica sands are transforming from a bulk commodity into a critical mineral for the future. Key Timestamps 0:00 – Introduction to the hosts and today’s topic 0:48 – What silica sands are and why they matter 2:00 – What sets silica apart from other industrial minerals 3:10 – Purity levels and the critical role of Fe₂O₃ in glass production 5:01 – Key factors for processing silica sands 5:35 – Typical processing pathway explained 7:25 – Resource estimation for silica sand deposits 9:43 – Why silica sands are now seen as a critical mineral 10:38 – The future of silica sands: geometallurgy and sustainability 12:01 – Final thoughts and takeaways Have a question about silica sands or you'd like to contact Laurie and Senzeni: Explore more: 👍 Like, comment, and subscribe for more technical mining insights from our global consulting team. Fresh Thinking by Snowden Optiro is rapidly becoming the best mining podcast globally - you can find our podcasts on YouTube, Spotify, Apple Podcasts and most other podcast platforms. Who we are: Snowden Optiro is a resources consulting and advisory group that provides independent advice, consulting and training to mining and exploration companies, their advisors and investors. We help mine developers to advance their projects, mining companies to improve their operations and their professionals, and investors to de-risk their investments by the provision of quality advice, training and software in the field of Mineral Resources and Mineral/Ore Reserves. For training or consulting enquiries: training(at)snowdenoptiro.com contact(at)snowdenoptiro.com /episode/index/show/fresh-thinking-optiro/id/37631590

Ep 125: Inside the Black Box: essential guide to plant sampling 09/01/2025

Ep 125: Inside the Black Box: essential guide to plant sampling In this episode of Fresh Thinking, our Executive Consultant (and fellow sampling guru) Ian Glacken sits down with Mark Murphy, world renowned Sampling expert, to uncover the realities of plant sampling - from conveyor belts and moisture balances to concentrates and reconciliation. Mark shares practical insights, cautionary tales, and expert tips to help geologists better understand sampling challenges inside the plant. If you’ve ever wondered how conveyor belt bias, weightometers, or moisture variability affect your reconciliations, this conversation is essential listening. Key Timestamps 0:04 – Introduction: Setting the stage for plant sampling and reconciliation. 1:01 – “Never trust a metallurgist?” (Just kidding!) Why geologists and metallurgists often have different priorities. 2:00 – Weightometers & moisture: The two biggest issues affecting mass balance into the plant. 3:00 – Conveyor belts: Why top-belt samplers and fines create bias. 4:50 – Time-based errors: How long conveyors cause cyclic sampling challenges. 6:14 – Homogenisation matters: When material becomes “relatively homogeneous” and why head grade calculation is tricky. 7:30 – Concentrate sampling: Why it’s usually less of an issue than belt sampling. 9:00 – Shark-fin samplers & densometers: Common pitfalls to watch out for in plant sampling setups. 10:26 – Value engineering: How cost-cutting compromises plant sampling accuracy. 12:30 – Collaboration is key: Why geologists, metallurgists, and mining managers must work closely together. Keep tuned for the final episode of this Sampling series. Have a question about Sampling or want to get in touch: Explore more: 👍 Like, comment, and subscribe for more technical mining insights from our global consulting team. LINK to Snowden Optiro Professional Development courses - Look for the Sampling Theory and Best Practice course: Fresh Thinking by Snowden Optiro is becoming the best mining podcast globally - you can find our podcasts on YouTube, Spotify, Apple Podcasts and most other podcast platforms. Who we are: Snowden Optiro is a resources consulting and advisory group that provides independent advice, consulting and training to mining and exploration companies, their advisors and investors. We help mine developers to advance their projects, mining companies to improve their operations and their professionals, and investors to de-risk their investments by the provision of quality advice, training and software in the field of Mineral Resources and Mineral/Ore Reserves. For training or consulting enquiries: training(at)snowdenoptiro.com contact(at)snowdenoptiro.com /episode/index/show/fresh-thinking-optiro/id/37576545

Ep 124: Stochastic Mine Planning - Evolving approaches to manage uncertainty 08/21/2025

Ep 124: Stochastic Mine Planning - Evolving approaches to manage uncertainty Stochastic Mine Planning – Evolving the Way We Manage Uncertainty In this episode, Tarrant Elkington (General Manager, Snowden Optiro) is joined by Matheus Faria (Director of Technical Services, KPI Mining) to explore the evolving role of stochastic mine planning. Stochastic approaches move beyond conventional “single-input” mine plans by explicitly considering uncertainty in key parameters such as block models, recoveries, and prices. Tarrant and Matheus discuss how this approach can transform decision-making and create more resilient mine plans. Key moments in the episode: [00:02] – What stochastic mine planning is and why it’s gaining traction. [07:45] – Limitations of conventional deterministic planning. [16:20] – Applying stochastic methods to sequencing, cut-off grades, stockpiling, and blending. [27:50] – Practical insights from Matheus on integrating stochastic planning into operations. [39:10] – Looking ahead: the future of stochastic planning in the mining industry. [43:30] – Discussion on the real-world challenges of adoption, including computational demands and the need for organisational buy-in. [50:05] – Reflections on how stochastic planning supports better communication between technical teams and decision-makers. [55:40] – Final thoughts from both Tarrant and Matheus on where the industry is heading and advice for companies considering stochastic approaches. This episode offers valuable insights for mining professionals interested in risk management, decision-making, and the future of strategic mine planning. Have a question or want to get in touch? Contact us: contact@snowdenoptiro.com Explore more: 👍 Like, comment, and subscribe for more technical mining insights from our global consulting team. You can find our Fresh Thinking by Snowden Optiro podcasts on YouTube, Spotify, Apple Podcasts and most other podcast platforms. Snowden Optiro: Snowden Optiro is a resources consulting and advisory group that provides independent advice, consulting and training to mining and exploration companies, their advisors and investors. We help mine developers to advance their projects, mining companies to improve their operations and their professionals, and investors to de-risk their investments by the provision of quality advice, training and software in the field of Mineral Resources and Mineral/Ore Reserves. For training or consulting enquiries: training(at)snowdenoptiro.com contact(at)snowdenoptiro.com KPI Mining Solutions: KPI Mining Solutions provide significant value by developing and commercializing cutting-edge software and services to the mining industry. They bring innovative stochastic mine planning and orebody modeling solutions to the mining industry, transforming their entire operation.. Their strength comes from 20 plus years of experience in data and analytics, artificial intelligence, digital experience, and enterprise performance management. They build custom and commercial software solutions and offer consulting services across a wide range of use cases in mining, supply chain, manufacturing and transportation. Inquiries: https://kpimining.com/about-us/ /episode/index/show/fresh-thinking-optiro/id/37888705

Ep:123. Why Sampling Can Make or Break a Mine - Part 1 of 3 08/13/2025

Ep:123. Why Sampling Can Make or Break a Mine - Part 1 of 3 In this first of three episodes on sampling, Ian Glacken (Executive Consultant at Snowden Optiro) speaks with Mark Murphy (Manager of Geological Services at IGO), about why sampling is one of the most critical – yet often under-taught – skills in geology. From gold to base metals, exploration to mine geology, Mark shares four decades of experience on how sampling impacts decision-making, project economics, and geological understanding. This podcast at a glance: 00:00 – Introduction to Mark Murphy and the 3-part series 01:02 – Why sampling is vital for geologists 03:36 – Lessons from gold mining and coarse gold challenges 05:49 – How sampling principles apply across all commodities 07:38 – Key differences between exploration and mine geologists 10:33 – Precision, accuracy, and representativity in grade control 13:52 – Advice for young geologists to build sampling skills Keep tuned for Parts 2 and 3 of this Sampling series. Have a question or want to get in touch? Contact us: Explore more: 👍 Like, comment, and subscribe for more technical mining insights from our global consulting team. LINK to Snowden Optiro Professional Development courses - Look for the Sampling Theory and Best Practice course: You can find our Fresh Thinking by Snowden Optiro podcasts on YouTube, Spotify, Apple Podcasts and most other podcast platforms. WHO WE ARE: Snowden Optiro is a resources consulting and advisory group that provides independent advice, consulting and training to mining and exploration companies, their advisors and investors. We help mine developers to advance their projects, mining companies to improve their operations and their professionals, and investors to de-risk their investments by the provision of quality advice, training and software in the field of Mineral Resources and Mineral/Ore Reserves. For training or consulting enquiries: training(at)snowdenoptiro.com contact(at)snowdenoptiro.com /episode/index/show/fresh-thinking-optiro/id/37576535

Ep 122: Mining the Margins - What makes nickel laterites so complex 08/06/2025

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