Oxford Sparks Big Questions

'Will my bacon sandwich kill me?', 'Is vaping better than smoking?', 'How do you become an astronaut?' - just some of the Big Questions we ask some of the brightest minds behind Oxford science. Join us in each podcast as we explore a different area of science.

What is a digital brain twin? 07/08/2026

What is a digital brain twin? Each of us is different. Our genetics and life experiences shape us into unique individuals – with unique brains. When it comes to medicine, therefore, a 'one size fits all' approach is often not adequate, and trial and error is required to find the best treatment for a condition: especially when it comes to the brain. But what if a doctor could rely on personalised recommendations about what course of action may be best for a specific patient? We chat to computational neuroscientist Dr Andrea Luppi from Oxford's Department of Psychiatry about 'digital brain twins', and how - when it comes to brain conditions - they could help to achieve just that. /episode/index/show/oxfordsparks/id/41908685

How can we use AI to make drugs? 06/17/2026

How can we use AI to make drugs? Put simply, most drugs work by binding to a protein and altering how they function. But how can we model how well a particular molecule will bind to a particular protein, and use that knowledge to help discover new treatments? In this episode, we talk to Prof Fergus Imrie from Oxford's Department of Statistics, who is one of the lead researchers on the OpenBind consortium. This project aims to create the world's largest open-access dataset of protein-ligand interactions, providing invaluable quantities of data for AI-driven drug discovery /episode/index/show/oxfordsparks/id/41624685

How do you build the aeroplane of the future? 06/03/2026

How do you build the aeroplane of the future? In 2022, 7% of the UK's total carbon emissions came from the aviation sector - a figure that's on the rise. This means that - while a flight is often the start of a well-deserved holiday - a lot of us feel at least a sprinkling of guilt over our carbon footprint. So, what if we could reduce the carbon emissions associated with air travel? In this episode, we chat to Dr Tamsin Whitfield from Oxford's Department of Materials Science, and hear about her research developing new metals, which will ultimately allow jet engines to burn hotter, increasing their efficiency. /episode/index/show/oxfordsparks/id/41432220

Should I be freaked out by the hantavirus? 05/20/2026

Should I be freaked out by the hantavirus? Until recently, most of us had probably never even heard of the hantavirus. Now - with memories of the global COVID-19 pandemic still fresh in our minds - it's only natural to feel slightly concerned about the new virus hitting our headlines. But are our worries justified? We chat to Dr Daniel Wright from the Oxford Vaccine Group, who develops vaccines against emerging outbreak viruses, to learn more about hantaviruses, and what they really mean for public health. /episode/index/show/oxfordsparks/id/41348800

Should we kill animals for conservation? 05/06/2026

Should we kill animals for conservation? ‘Killing animals’ and ‘conservation’ sound mutually exclusive, but when it comes to managing populations that are having a negative environmental impact, is culling the answer? If so, how do people feel about it? We chat to Jessica Frater from the Department of Biology at the University of Oxford about Scotland’s deer cull, exploring why human perceptions are often at the heart of conservation challenges, and how gaining deeper insight to these perspectives can support more conservation efforts. /episode/index/show/oxfordsparks/id/41061640

Can you predict the lottery? 04/22/2026

Can you predict the lottery? “It’s as likely as winning the lottery.” A phrase used in situations where something is, well, pretty near impossible. But is there anything you can do to increase your chances of claiming that life-changing pot of money? What about one of the smaller prizes? We chat to applied mathematician Dr James Munro about probability, chaos theory and whether anyone could ever predict the lottery. /episode/index/show/oxfordsparks/id/40910515

How does reading work? 04/08/2026

How does reading work? Aside from the odd unfamiliar or complicated word, a lot of us won't think twice when it comes to reading. It's a skill we take for granted. But, relatively speaking, it's actually a fairly new skill - beginning about 5500 years ago. This suggests it's not something we evolved to do, so, how does it work? We chat to Prof Ole Jensen from Oxford's Departments of Experimental Psychology and Psychiatry, who is trying to gain a better understanding of the neural processes behind reading, with the ultimate aim of helping those who are struggling to learn. /episode/index/show/oxfordsparks/id/40641215

What's it like for women working in F1? 03/25/2026

What's it like for women working in F1? Historically, only two women have ever started a Grand Prix race, and as of the 2026 season, no women are competing in Formula One. This male dominancy is by no means restricted to the track, with social scientist Dr Kate Bancroft estimating that a mere 5% of technical motorsport roles (that is, the engineers and mechanics) are taken by women. We hear from Kate about her research into the F1 gender gap, which she hopes - alongside revealing some of the barriers and struggles faced by women - will start a wider conversation about the divide that exists in top-level motorsports. **During the podcast, it was mentioned that there has not yet been a female team principal in Formula 1. We would like to clarify that Monisha Kaltenborn served as Team Principal for Sauber from 2012 to 2017 (the first woman to hold the role).** /episode/index/show/oxfordsparks/id/40558970

How do you convert CO2 to rock? 03/11/2026

How do you convert CO2 to rock? We're living in an age of rapid technological development which - alongside many benefits - comes at an environmental cost. We speak to Dr Shurui Miao, an experimental chemist who aims to decouple technological advancement from the impacts of increased carbon emissions, by finding a way to safely store carbon underground. As he explains, by finding a way to convert CO2 from the atmosphere into minerals, we could store carbon securely and sustainably into the future, and ultimately begin to mitigate the effects of climate change. /episode/index/show/oxfordsparks/id/40341720

From the Milk on the Move podcast: Purity and Danger 02/25/2026

From the Milk on the Move podcast: Purity and Danger This week we are featuring a special bonus episode from our friends at the Milk on the Move podcast. Milk on the Move explores milk’s deep cultural roots, evolving scientific narratives and the systems that shape its production today. Hosts Johanna Zetterstrom-Sharp and JC Niala uncover the fascinating interaction of tradition, knowledge and morality that makes milk so much more than just an everyday drink. Available on Apple Podcast, Spotify or head to for more information. /episode/index/show/oxfordsparks/id/40176400

What was Einstein doing in Oxford? 02/25/2026

What was Einstein doing in Oxford? If you've had the chance to visit Oxford's History of Science Museum, you may have found yourself gazing upon a rather special blackboard. Featuring equations that connect the age, size and density of the Universe, the penmanship is that of Albert Einstein himself, who used the blackboard during a lecture on 16th May 1931. But what was Einstein doing in Oxford, and how did he spend his time there? We chat to Dr JC Niala, Head of Research, Teaching and Collections at the History of Science Museum, to find out more about the man (and musician!) behind the genius. Dr JC Niala also hosts her own brilliant podcast, alongside Dr Johanna Zetterstrom-Sharp, called 'Milk on the Move'. You can listen to an episode ('Purity and Danger') right here on our playlist, or find out more at . /episode/index/show/oxfordsparks/id/40151930

Where do baby penguins come from? 02/11/2026

Where do baby penguins come from? For this year's Valentine's Day episode, we are getting up close and personal with those most beloved of birds - penguins. Giving us an insight into the love lives of our feathered friends are penguinologists (yes, that's a real word) Dr Ignacio Juarez Martinez and Dr Fiona Suttle, who have both graduated from Oxford's Department of Biology, and spent multiple field seasons in Antarctica monitoring penguin breeding behaviour. We hear how penguin breeding patterns appear to be shifting with changing temperatures, and how you can get involved in their research - just head to to take part. /episode/index/show/oxfordsparks/id/39993240

How can I use AI to raise my salary? 01/28/2026

How can I use AI to raise my salary? How much more money could you earn - doing the exact same role - if you're in possession of some solid AI skills? That's one of the core questions that Dr Fabian Stephany, a researcher at the Oxford Internet Institute, hopes to answer. Leading the 'SkillScale' project, Fabian looks into the impact of AI tools on the labour market, with the ultimate hope of advising workers on the best ways to secure jobs and increase their salaries. So, far from a discussion about 'AI stealing our jobs', we ask Fabian - how can we use AI to secure a bigger pay packet? Find out more: /episode/index/show/oxfordsparks/id/39850435

Could stuff be living on Saturn's moon? 01/14/2026

Could stuff be living on Saturn's moon? Are we alone in the Universe? It's surely one of the biggest questions out there. In our first episode of 2026 we chat to Dr Carly Howett, Associate Professor of Space Instrumentation in Oxford's Department of Physics. Specialising in the study of the 'icy worlds' found in our outer Solar System, Carly explains why she thinks one of Saturn's moons, Enceladus, could be a prime candidate for life, and shares the latest updates on how we might find it. /episode/index/show/oxfordsparks/id/39644910

What happened to the birds in 'The Twelve Days of Christmas'? 12/10/2025

What happened to the birds in 'The Twelve Days of Christmas'? We all know it. We've all sung it. Perhaps we've even answered a quiz question about it*. The Twelve Days of Christmas has become as quintessentially festive as a figgy pudding, or the bad joke in your Christmas cracker. But why exactly is your 'true love' gifting all these birds? And importantly, how are they faring nowadays? Prof Andy Gosler (from the Edward Grey Institute in the Department of Biology, and Institute of Human Sciences in the School of Anthropology) is the only professor of 'ethno-ornithology' in the world, specialising in the study of the relationships between birds and people. So, who better to be our guest on this festive edition of the Big Questions Podcast, where we take a deep dive into one of our favourite Christmas carols? (*There are 364 presents in total, by the way!) /episode/index/show/oxfordsparks/id/39249860

What is quantum computing? 11/26/2025

What is quantum computing? Want to make something feel immediately complicated, inaccessible or downright mysterious? Stick the word 'quantum' in front of it. Or, at least, that's how many of us feel. But don't worry! Experimental physicist William Cutler from Oxford's Department of Physics is here to break things down, explaining exactly what a quantum computer is, and sharing the remarkable potential that quantum computing holds for advancing fields ranging from drug-discovery to internet security. /episode/index/show/oxfordsparks/id/39121405

Could vaccinations stop people from getting cancer? 11/12/2025

Could vaccinations stop people from getting cancer? Finding a cure for cancer is unarguably one of the biggest medical challenges that we face. But what if we could find a way to prevent cancer before it even starts? In this special extended edition of the Big Questions Podcast, we chat to Professor Sarah Blagden, an experimental oncologist at the University of Oxford, and Anna Fry, who has the cancer predisposing condition Lynch Syndrome - putting her at increased risk of developing colorectal and other cancers. Sarah explains how clinical trials of vaccines targeting 'pre-cancer' could revolutionise the fight against cancer, beginning with those at greatest risk. /episode/index/show/oxfordsparks/id/38924345

Why do I bite my nails? 10/29/2025

Why do I bite my nails? Many of us will be familiar with Body-Focused Repetitive Behaviours (BFRBs), perhaps without even realising it. Such behaviours - which include hair-pulling, nail biting and skin picking - can not only cause physical harm, but also often bring feelings of shame. Because of this, open discussion around BFRBs has been limited. In this episode of The Big Questions Podcast, we chat to Prof Clare Mackay from Oxford's Department of Psychiatry, who both studies and lives with BFRBs. /episode/index/show/oxfordsparks/id/38455945

How do you find a theoretical particle? 08/06/2025

How do you find a theoretical particle? How do you detect a particle that emits no light - in other words, something invisible? This is the intriguing challenge faced by scientists hunting for 'dark matter'. In our series finale, we talk to Elizabeth Bloomfield from Oxford's Department of Physics about dark matter, how we know it exists, and why her research is taking her deep beneath a mountain in Italy in the quest to find it. /episode/index/show/oxfordsparks/id/37636485

Is there a better way to screen blood? 06/25/2025

Is there a better way to screen blood? What's the best gift you can give? To the millions of people whose lives have been saved by complete strangers, the answer would be simple: blood. But what exactly happens when blood has been donated, and how do we know it is safe? We chat to Dr Richard Mayne from Oxford's Experimental Medicine Division about genomics, Next-Generation Sequencing, blood screening (...and Star Trek). Could you be a blood-donating hero? Blood stocks are currently critically low, with the NHS Blood and Transplant (NHSBT) group in urgent need of new donors. Click here, and you'll be on your way to saving lives: https://www.blood.co.uk/news-and-campaigns/campaigns/blood-donor-appeal/ /episode/index/show/oxfordsparks/id/37089950

How does Ozempic actually work? 06/11/2025

How does Ozempic actually work? Whether you've been served an advert for it, or just heard about it in the media, it's likely that 'Ozempic' isn't a totally unfamiliar word. Now often associated with weight-loss, Ozempic is actually the brand name for a drug used to treat diabetes. So what exactly is it, how does it work, and is it safe? We chat to diabetes and endocrinology (hormone) expert Dr Annie de Bray to find out. /episode/index/show/oxfordsparks/id/36900580

Why does a stranger's phone noise annoy me? 05/28/2025

Why does a stranger's phone noise annoy me? We've all been there...you're on the train, maybe tired after a long day, and all you can hear is one side of a fellow passenger's not-too-interesting phone conversation. Or worse, their choice of music, made tinny and monotonous by the awkward angle of their phone speaker. It's irritating, sure, but for some people it goes beyond mild annoyance, into the realms of anger and panic. For these people - who suffer from a condition called 'misophonia' - phone noise, or sounds such as chewing or breathing, are a real problem. We chat to Dr Jane Gregory, a researcher at Oxford's Department of Experimental Psychology who has misophonia, to find out more about this little-known condition. /episode/index/show/oxfordsparks/id/36727830

What's the origin of water on Earth? 05/14/2025

What's the origin of water on Earth? With more than 70% of its surface covered in water, Earth is rightly known as the "blue planet". But where did this water - so essential to life - originate? While some theories suggest that hydrogen was delivered to Earth from space via asteroids, new research indicates that the building blocks for water may have been present on our planet all along. We chat to Tom Barrett from Oxford's Department of Earth Sciences to find out more. /episode/index/show/oxfordsparks/id/36549875

How can robots investigate underwater volcanoes? 04/30/2025

How can robots investigate underwater volcanoes? What do you do when the subject of your research lies deep beneath the waves? Send down an underwater robot, of course! We chat to volcanologist Sofia Della Sala about her recent fieldwork expedition to Santorini, where she used a Remotely Operated Vehicle, or ROV, to search for hydrothermal vents in the Aegean Sea. These vents - which are like hot springs on the sea floor - could provide vital insight into the volcanic and tectonic activity in the region. /episode/index/show/oxfordsparks/id/36153900

What is it like to be on Countdown? 04/16/2025

What is it like to be on Countdown? "I still don't believe it happened..." What's it like to face the most famous clock on television? We chat to Oxford mathematician Dr Tom Crawford - best known as the creator of the award-winning 'Tom Rocks Maths' outreach programme - about what it was like to step into Rachel Riley's shoes on Countdown. What's the best tactic for tackling the numbers round? How did he prepare? Did he really only have 30 seconds to find a solution? Tom gives us a glimpse behind-the-scenes of this British institution. /episode/index/show/oxfordsparks/id/36064740

What happens after a dementia diagnosis? 04/02/2025

What happens after a dementia diagnosis? One in two people will be affected by dementia in their lifetime - whether that is as a patient, or somebody caring for a loved one. But what happens after a dementia diagnosis? Is there a clear pathway ahead? We chat to Jasmine Blane, a DPhil researcher at the Oxford Brain Health Clinic, about the work she is doing to help support patients in the midst of a dementia diagnosis, and into the future. /episode/index/show/oxfordsparks/id/35876170

Is it OK to laugh at Tourette's? 03/19/2025

Is it OK to laugh at Tourette's? In popular culture, Tourette's syndrome is wrongly associated solely with outbursts of swearing in the context of lazy jokes. But in reality, the condition is far more complex than this stereotype suggests. When people without Tourette’s jokingly blame their lack of self-control on the condition, it spreads misinformation and invalidates those who actually live with it. Despite this, comedy - when created by those who experience stigma - can sometimes help challenge stereotypes and shift public perceptions. We chat with Dr Melina Malli from the Oxford Institute of Population Ageing to explore whether laughter can really be the best medicine. /episode/index/show/oxfordsparks/id/35698100

What is a dinosaur highway? 03/05/2025

What is a dinosaur highway? If you were hunting for some fossilised dinosaur footprints, where would you go? To a remote part of North or South America, perhaps? A deserted wilderness for sure... But how about Oxfordshire? We chat to Dr Duncan Murdock from the Oxford University Museum of Natural History about an incredible discovery made right on our doorstep. Photo © Dr Emma Nicholls / Oxford University Museum of Natural History /episode/index/show/oxfordsparks/id/35479310

How horny are hedgehogs? 02/19/2025

How horny are hedgehogs? Shh...hedgehog! It always feels like a privilege to catch a glimpse of one, as it snuffles away under the garden fence. And come the spring, our spiny - and usually solitary - little friends will be feeling in the mood for...romance. But what exactly does a female look for in a mate? And how do their intimate encounters even work when things are so very... spiky? Join us for this special Valentine's Day edition of the Big Questions Podcast, as we ask Dr Sophie Lund Rasmussen (aka Dr Hedgehog) "how horny are hedgehogs?" /episode/index/show/oxfordsparks/id/35285980

What can batteries of the future learn from eels? 02/05/2025

What can batteries of the future learn from eels? Electric eels are pretty amazing creatures. Their bodies can release powerful electric charges - in some cases reaching 650 volts! So, what can scientists learn from these animals? Could nature hold the key to advancing our own energy solutions? We chat to Dr Yujia Zhang about how electric eels might inspire the batteries of the future. /episode/index/show/oxfordsparks/id/35097090

Oxford Sparks Big Questions

TOPICS