Evolution of Medicine Podcast

The Pathobiome: Stealth Infections and the Brain

In this episode, host James Maskell sits down with Nikki Schultek, founding director of the Pathobiome Research Center at the Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine and founder of the Alzheimer's Pathobiome Initiative, a global research consortium. Schultek's path into this work began with her own illness 11 years ago — a multi-system chronic condition driven by a tick bite and co-infections including Chlamydia pneumoniae, which went misdiagnosed by 12 specialists for a year before Dr. Charles Stratton at Vanderbilt identified and treated the underlying infections, restoring her to...

The Neuroscience of Awakening

Evolution of Medicine Podcast

In this episode, host James Maskell sits down with Dr. Helen Lavretsky — integrative and geriatric psychiatrist, neuroscientist, and professor of psychiatry at UCLA, where she directs clinical research on integrated mental health and serves as research director for UCLA's Integrative Medicine Collaborative. Her path into the field began through Kundalini Yoga, sparking 20 years of studying mind-body practices with rigorous neuroscience. Despite initial pushback in academic psychiatry, her evidence ultimately gained widespread acceptance. She details her clinical model: a partnership where...

The Forgotten Medicine: Community, Dance & Song

Evolution of Medicine Podcast

In this live episode from the Institute for Functional Medicine's Annual International Conference, host James Maskell sits down with Dr. Geeta Maker-Clark, who opened the conference that morning with its keynote address. The conversation begins with something unusual: conference attendees — mostly, as Maskell puts it, "type A, cerebral" doctors — got up and danced during her talk, a rare sight at a medical conference. Dr. Maker-Clark, who is part of a West African dance company, explains why: drumming and dance tap into something deeply primal in all of us, tied to ancestral rhythm, grief,...

2026 Pauling Award Winner Reveals the Truth About Hormones & GLP-1s

Evolution of Medicine Podcast

What does it take to earn functional medicine's highest honor? In this live episode from the Institute for Functional Medicine's 33rd Annual International Conference, host James Maskell sits down with Joel Evans, MD, FMCP-M, recipient of the 2026 Linus and Ava Helen Pauling Award in Functional Medicine — awarded to Joel Evans, MD, FMCP-M in recognition of his career-long contributions to the field. Joel Evans, MD, FMCP-M shares the story of his journey from OB-GYN to functional medicine leader, crediting Jeff Bland and Bethany Hayes for pulling him into the field early on. He discusses why...

The Blueprint for Functional Medicine in Big Health Systems

Evolution of Medicine Podcast

What does it actually take to build a functional medicine program that thrives inside a conventional health system? In this live episode from the Institute for Functional Medicine Annual Conference, James Maskell sits down with Laura Sandquist and Kate Otremba, who've spent six years building a large integrative and functional medicine program within Allina Health, a conventional health system in Minnesota. Laura and Kate share the infrastructure they built to make it work — smart phrases, practice guidelines, and templates that help clinicians translate their functional medicine training...

The Bioage Reversal Breakthrough

Evolution of Medicine Podcast

What if the best way to live a long life isn't a longevity hack — but preventing chronic illness in the first place? In this live episode from the Institute for Functional Medicine Annual Conference, James Maskell sits down with Dr. Kara Fitzgerald, a naturopathic physician and longtime functional medicine researcher, to talk about her groundbreaking work on reversing biological age. Dr. Fitzgerald shares the story behind her 2018 clinical study, which found that a diet and lifestyle intervention reversed biological age by over three years — a result that stunned the field, since even...

Why Whole Health Starts With This One Question

Evolution of Medicine Podcast

What does it really mean to practice "whole health" — and how do we keep it from becoming just another buzzword? In this live episode from the Institute for Functional Medicine Annual Conference, James Maskell sits down with Dr. Tracy Gaudet to unpack the evolution of whole health, the growing risk of paradigm "veneers" masking real transformation, and why the patient-practitioner relationship remains central to any lasting healing. Tracy explains how true system change begins with a different kind of conversation — one that starts with a person's purpose and meaning rather than their...

Inside the Growth of Functional Medicine

Evolution of Medicine Podcast

How is functional medicine evolving from a niche practice into a global movement that is transforming healthcare? In this live episode from the Institute for Functional Medicine Annual Conference, James Maskell sits down with Amy R. Mack, MSES, MPA, CEO of the Institute for Functional Medicine (IFM), to discuss the organization's mission, the rapid growth of functional medicine, and its future in healthcare. Amy shares how her background in nonprofit leadership—and the influence of her father, a gastroenterologist who practiced whole-person care long before it became mainstream—shaped her...

How Functional Medicine Is Reshaping Healthcare

Evolution of Medicine Podcast

How can functional medicine create healthier communities while transforming the future of healthcare? In this live episode from the Institute for Functional Medicine Annual Conference, James Maskell sits down with Gail C. Christopher, DN, IFM Board Chair of The Institute for Functional Medicine, and Executive Director of the National Collaborative for Health Equity, to discuss the evolution of functional medicine and its growing influence on mainstream healthcare. Drawing on decades of experience in clinical practice, public policy, philanthropy, and health equity, Dr. Christopher explains how...

Frontier Care in Warfarer Populations

Evolution of Medicine Podcast

How can functional medicine improve the health, resilience, and performance of military personnel? In this live episode from the Institute for Functional Medicine Annual Conference, James Maskell sits down with Dr. Bryan Stepanenko and former Green Beret Geoff Dardia to discuss how functional medicine is transforming healthcare for warfighters and veterans. They explain the unique physical and psychological demands of military service, including blast exposure, traumatic brain injuries, chronic sleep deprivation, toxin exposure, and repetitive physical stress. Rather than simply treating...

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Schultek's path into this work began with her own illness 11 years ago — a multi-system chronic condition driven by a tick bite and co-infections including Chlamydia pneumoniae, which went misdiagnosed by 12 specialists for a year before Dr. Charles Stratton at Vanderbilt identified and treated the underlying infections, restoring her to roughly 95% of her former health. That experience, and the fear of not watching her young children grow up, led her to found Intracell Research Group and later become what she calls a "collaboration architect" — connecting siloed researchers across immunology, microbiology, neuropathology, and epidemiology who study different pathogens (herpesviruses, Chlamydia, Borrelia, Bartonella, fungi, syphilis) but rarely collaborate with one another.

The conversation covers the evidence linking infection to Alzheimer's disease: animal studies showing pathogens like C. pneumoniae can induce amyloid-like plaques in wild-type mice; the historical near-miss in which Alzheimer's disease could have been named after Dr. Oscar Fischer, who described bacterial-colony-like structures in tangles and plaques during the pre-antibiotic syphilis era; and emerging research suggesting amyloid and tau may act as innate immune "firefighters" responding to infection rather than purely destructive proteins. Schultek highlights her consortium's 2023 landmark paper in Alzheimer's & Dementia, which catalogued 86 case reports of infectious dementias reversed through targeted antimicrobial treatment.

Maskell and Schultek also discuss the heterogeneity of individual cases — from periodontal pathogens like Porphyromonas gingivalis to tick-borne co-infections — and the need for precision, patient-specific approaches that account for genetics, exposome, and hormonal factors. The episode closes with a discussion of what's needed to move the field forward: greater federal and philanthropic funding, better multi-pathogen and host-biomarker testing, industry investment in targeted (rather than broad-spectrum) antimicrobial therapies, and expanded insurance coverage — particularly for PANS/PANDAS families currently priced out of diagnostic testing.

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About the Guest:

Nikki Schultek is the founding director of the Pathobiome Research Center at the Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine and founder of the Alzheimer's Pathobiome Initiative, a global research consortium studying the role of infectious agents in neurodegenerative, neurological, and neuropsychiatric disease. A former patient whose own multi-system chronic illness was driven by tick-borne and intracellular infections, she now works as a "collaboration architect," bringing together researchers across immunology, microbiology, epidemiology, and neuropathology to advance infection-associated chronic illness research. She is co-lead author of the 2023 landmark paper on the Alzheimer's Pathobiome Initiative published in Alzheimer's & Dementia.

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